1. 12%- Level of oxygen when a person feels dizziness, headache and rapid fatigue.

2. 21%-Level of oxygen present in air

3. 9%-Level of oxygen wherein the person becomes unconscious
4. INCIPIENT-1st phase of fire
5. BUCKET BRIGADE-1st known firefighting unit organized thousands of years B.C.
6. FLASH POINT-The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapor to form
an ignitable mixture.
7. FLAMEOVER- a condition that occurs when a portion of the fire gases trapped at the upper level
of a room ignite, spreading flame across the ceiling of the room.
8. FLASHOVER- a state at which everything in a confined area ignites at almost the same time.
9. CONDUCTION-heat transfer between solid-like metals.
10. CONVECTION-Heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid.
11. RADIATION-mode of heat transfer involving two bodies separated by a distance.
12. COVER EXPOSURE- to prevent fire from extending to other uninvolved buildings or structures.
13. CONFINEMENT- to prevent the fire from extending to other uninvolved portions of the burning
buildings
14. SALVAGE-to protect properties of value from preventable damages
15. OVERHAUL-prevent fire from rekindling
16. FIRE EXTINGUISHER-a device containing chemicals, fluid and gases for extinguishing and used for
small area of fire.
17. HYDRANT- an upright pipe, usually in a street, connected to a water main with a valve to which a
hose can be attached
18. BACKDRAFT-unburned smoke is heated in the absence of oxygen and produces explosive force
once oxygen is introduced.
19. VENTILATION-carefully planned release of the products of combustion from a confined area or
structure.
20. PUMPER TRUCK/FIRE ENGINE-firefighting apparatus designed to use diverse water supply
sources as hydrants usually equipped wit a water tank and centrifugal pump.
21. AERIAL PLATFORM-firefighting apparatus usually used in firefighting operations of high-rise
structures.
22. SQUIRT- a firefighting apparatus equipped with monitor nozzle, which can be rotated 90 degrees
horizontally and 240 degrees vertically.
23. WATER TANK- an apparatus which enables to secure water scarce areas for speedy firefighting
operation
24. CHEMICAL TRUCK- a firefighting apparatus capable of discharging foams which is the most
effective means to extinguish not only ordinary Class A but also Class B fires.
25. NOZZLE- a piece of firefighting equipment used to direct or control a stream of water.
26. FIRE HOSE- a type of flexible tube used to carry water under pressure from the source to a point
of discharge.
27. QUENCHING- basic procedure in putting out fires by cooling/removing the element of heat or
reducing the temperature.
28. SMOTHERING-basic procedure in putting out fire by removing oxygen or oxidizing agent of fire.
29. PRE-FIRE PLANNING-to know the problems and what to do in case fire starts in a particular
building or area.
30. RESCUE-removal of victims from endangered areas and bringing them to a place of safety
31. STARVING- basic procedure in putting out fire by removing or reducing fuel
32. INHIBITING-basic procedure in putting out fire by stopping chain reaction
33. HEAT-form of energy that raises temperature
34. FUEL-any material or substance capable of burning
35. COMBUSTION- a chemical reaction that releases energy as heat and usually light.
36. FIRE-a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by the evolution of heat and light in
varying intensities.
37. IGNITION TEMPERATURE-the minimum temperature to which a fuel in air must be heated to
start self-sustained combustion
38. EXTINGUISHMENT-to put out the main body of the fire.
39. SMOKE-a combination of material, mostly unburned hydrocarbons and a product of fire.
40. SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS-an apparatus that protects the face and lungs from
toxic smoke and products of combustion
41. HELMET-protects the head from impact and puncture as well as scalding water
42. PROTECTIVE COATS AND TROUSERS- it protects the firefighters’ trunk and limbs against cuts,
abrasions and burn injuries.
43. PROTECTIVE BOOTS-it protects the feet from burn injuries, punctures, wounds and insulated
materials/environment
44. FORCIBLE ENTRY-a technique used by firemen to gain access to a structure whose normal means
of access is locked, blocked, or nonexistent