The 19th

Las Vida century

https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/45972/10-historic-
streets-in-manila-every-pinoy-should-know-about-


Catholicism in the Philippines

Since the colonial period, Catholicism has

been the cornerstone of Filipino identity for

millions in the Philippines. Catholicism rapidly

spread during the early years of Spanish

colonialism, in part due to a lack of otherwise
centralized religious institutions, other than
Islam in the south, which might have
challenged it. Its close associations with
Filipino identity have placed the Catholic
Church at the heart of nationalism, social
justice, and other movements, while at the
same time has been associated with power,

elitism, and exploitation at various points in
https://www.google.com/search?
q=colonial+period+catholicism+in+the+philippine&tbm=isch&chips=q:colonial+period+catholicism+in+the+philip
its history.
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AhVCFYgKHZZFAr4Q4lYoAHoECAEQHg&biw=1366&bih=617#imgrc=mTago6YRHOeCYM&imgdii=Bj014xAkhSOn2

.
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period%2F&psig=AOvVaw1qzI9w9dU2gBqaMVLODzzc&ust=1649941142163000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCIiTuPWLkfcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAY

Catholicism and the Spanish state were inseparable, and the religious played a predominant role
in the administration of the Philippines. As a result, they were deeply implicated in the exploitation
of Filipinos; religious orders including the Augustinians, Dominicans, and Recollects, held the
largest tracts of land, haciendas and encomiendas granted by the Spanish government, renting
plots to tenant farmers. They were also responsible for the religious education and spiritual well-
being of their tenants, and some friars championed the interests of their parishes against the
exploitation committed by their orders and secular leaders.By the late Spanish colonial period, the
Catholic orders and their friars were the wealthiest and most politically powerful elements within
Filipino society. Spanish friars represented the hegemonic power of the Spanish government and
foreign Catholic Church, while native priests pushed forward demands for greater authority in in
Filipino parishes. Both the Spanish government and the orders blocked efforts by local priests,
thereby cultivating a nationalist Filipino priesthood that would support and be supported by the
efforts of the 19th century nationalist movement
 Spanish Literature in the Philippines

Philippine literature was born in Spanish. There had

been a rich literary tradition in the islands before the
Spaniards arrived but it was the Spanish who started
to publish those tales and stories. The works of Rizal,
the best known Filipino writer and national hero, are a
result of this inter-cultural process.However, not only
did the Spanish writing era not finish at the end of the
Spanish colonial time in the Philippines, but it also https://www.google.com/urlsa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FTrishaDizon%2Fphilippine-literature-during-spanish-
era&psig=AOvVaw3HhnaK2pW_KESqtc6ihVAv&ust=1649943033225000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCJjBg5GTkfcCFQAAAA
AdAAAAABAr
began its Golden Age, at the very same time that the
American occupation started.t was during those times
that a large number of newspapers and publications
were created as a symbol of resistance against the
American occupation and the best and most popular
Filipino writers, such as T.M. Kalaw, Jesús Balmori or
Antonio Abad amongst others, emerged.Throughout
the first decades of the 20th century there was a rate
of 27 newspapers written in Spanish, and in 1940 the
Editions Bureau had a registration of about 40
mastheads in Spanish. However, the impositions on
the language during the American occupation and the
Once the war was over and the Spanish language
consequences of the war had a very negative effect
nearly disappeared from public life and education,
on Spanish culture after 1945.
the few publications that remained in this language
was sheltered by university scholars and
philologists.Luckily, that enormous recession of the
Spanish language in the Philippines has been
recently detained thanks to a new trend that
comes from the United States and which tries to
make up for lost time and reintroduce Spanish in
schools. This initiative became a fact when in 2008
Spanish was established as a part of the National
education system in the islands, thus becoming an
excellent opportunity that should be taken
advantage of.The objectives of Clásicos
Hispanofilipinos are:To retrieve the works of some
Hispanic-Philippine writers from the first half of the
20th century that are, either not available to the
https://www.google.com/urlsa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPhilippine_literature&psig=AOvVa
general public, or very hard to find
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QAAAAAdAAAAABAP

https://manila.cervantes.es/en/culture_spanish/Philhispanic%20Classics/philhispanic_classics.htm#:~:text=Ph
ilippine%20literature%20was%20born%20in,of%20this%20inter%2Dcultural%20process.
 System of Politics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_h
istory_of_the_Philippines
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development-of-the-presidents-from-roxas-to-marcos-19461986&psig=AOvVaw3Ijx-
TiOLlyUiIEY7iMVNe&ust=1649946664771000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCNiHluuhkfcCFQAAAA
AdAAAAABAD

The 19th century saw a significant social change, and the development of a distinct Filipino
identity among the mestizo elite. Members of the educated Ilustrado class, influenced by liberal
ideas, launched the Propaganda Movement. Rejection by Spanish authorities led to a national
awakening, the emergence of an independence movement, and a revolution which became
entwined with the Spanish–American War. While the revolutionaries declared independence,
Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898. Through the subsequent Philippine–
American War and later actions, the United States established effective administration over the
entire archipelago and introduced political structures that reflected those of the United
States.The pre-existing elite was entrenched within the new political system, and the dominant
Nacionalista Party steadily gained more control over its institutions. In 1935 the autonomous
Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, giving the Philippines its own constitution
and a powerful President. Plans for independence were interrupted by Japanese invasion during
World War II. The Japanese established the nominally independent Second Philippine Republic,
but American and Allied reconquest restored the Commonwealth and led to full independence
in 1946. This period saw the emergence of a two-party system, with the Liberal Party and the
Nacionalistas exchanging control of the country. Both parties were led by elites and shared
similar politics. Early presidents had to contend with the left-wing rural Hukbalahap
Rebellion.The two-party system came to an end under President Ferdinand Marcos, who
declared martial law in 1976. Despite strengthening Communist and Islamic separatist
rebellions, Marcos retained firm control of the country until economic issues and
disenchantment with corruption led to greater opposition. Opponents consolidated around
Corazon Aquino, the widow of an assassinated opposition politician. After Marcos was declared
winner of a snap election in 1986, military and public protests led to the People Power
Revolution which removed Marcos and installed Aquino. A new constitution increased the limits
of Presidential power, including creating a single-term limit. Since then, an unstable multi-party
system has emerged on the national level, which has been challenged by a series of crises
including several attempted coups, a presidential impeachment, and two more public mass
movements. This period also saw some political power decentralized to local government and
the establishment of the autonomous Bangsamoro region in Muslim Mindanao.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politi
cal_history_of_the_Philippines
 Events/Celebration

•Opening of the Philippines to

International Trade and the Rise
ofthe Middle Class

-Manila was opened to foreign

tradewhich brought prosperity to

the Filipinos and Chinese mestizo
resultingin the existence of the
middle class.

https://brill.com/view/title/16476

•Opening of the Suez Canal on

November 17, 1869

Connects the Mediterranean and red

sea; shortened distance between Europe
and Orient

Results: (a) the Philippines

became
closer to Europe and Spain (b)
encouraged European travelers to come
to our country (c) exodus of literal ideas
https://www.google.com/urlsa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmoneyweek.com%2F356470%2F17-november-1869-opening-of-the-suez-canal- from Europe to the Philippines (d) more
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AAAAABAD
educated and young Filipinos were able
to study abroad

•The influx of European Liberalism

Ideas of enlightened philosophers like

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rosseau,
masonry, and the French Revolution
reached the Philippines.

Liberty, religious freedom,democracy,

human rights such as suffrage, freedom
of speech, press, and form of
associations and assemblies. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Flimerickwriter.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F11%2F09%2Fthe-dominant-powers-in-the-european-age-of-
liberalism%2F&psig=AOvVaw1Ro3yzDZLAOw71H0gyz3GC&ust=1649984971106000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCKCF5puvkvcCFQAAAAAdAAA
AABAJ

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 Events/Celebration

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mutiny&psig=AOvVaw3wQrcC2srsmv4QquGqEGCe&ust=1649985140077000&source=images
&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCNiW_uevkvcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAg

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sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2FbenedictineUNESCO%2Fph
otos%2Fa.124674429380653%2F210520030796092%2F%3Ftype%3D3&psi

Glorious September
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images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCNiW_uevkvcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAm

Revolution of 1868: Queen

Spanish Revolution of 1868 and Isabela II was overthrown
the Liberal Regime of Carlos Maria resulting to the rise of
Dela Torre(1869-1871)
liberalism in Spain.
Generals Juan Prim and
Francisco Serrano
appointed dela Torre as
the governor-general in
the Philippines (true
democrat). Most liberal
governor-general walked
the streets in civilian
clothes and dismissed his
alabaderos (halberdiers) –
the governor’s security
guards – and went
unescorted.
The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the Spaniards. Their social structure is
ranked into three groups:

Highest class – the people that belong in this class

include the Spaniards, peninsulares and the friars. They
have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos.
They enjoyed their positions and do what they want.

→
The Spanish officials

→The Peninsulares (Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held

the most important government jobs, and made up the smallest
number of the population

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philip
pines-in-the-19th-century/
 SOCIAL
STRUCTURE/LIFESTYLE
OF UPPER CLASS AND
POOR

→The Friars are members of any of certain

religious orders of men, especially the four
mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites,
Dominicans, and Franciscans).

Middle Class – the people that belongs into this

class includes the natives, mestizos and the
criollos.

→ Natives – the pure Filipinos

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippin
es-in-the-19th-century/
 →The Mestizos are the Filipinos of mixed
indigenous Filipino or European or Chinese
ancestry.

https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-
in-the-19th-century/

Lowest class – this class includes the Filipinos

only.

→The Indios are the poor people having pure

blood Filipin which ruled by the Spaniards.

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/philippines-in-the-19th-century/
 Engaging Activity 2:

Creating a

19th Century Philippines Magazine

(AFTER USE,  PLEASE P UT IT  B ACK IN IT S P ROP ER P LACE )

ALVARADO,MARIAN MAE L.
BEED 1-A
PI-100

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR. MELVIN GUACHE

THANK YOU!