1. a. 24/100= 0.

24 or 24%
b. 24/60= 0.4 or 40%
c. Yes
d. No
e. ). a= data of male that pass
d= data of female that fail
b= data of female that pass
c= data of male that fail

a=24
b=36
c=15
d=24

(a/b)/(c/d)=ad/bc

(24)(24)/(36)16)=1 or 100%

The odds of passing are equal for male and female, with an odds ratio of 1. This can be
rephrased as the passing test scores are the same for the number of male and female. Similarly,
the number of men and women who failed the test. The proficiency examination of people
passed the exam does not affect the people who failed the exam.