QUEZON CITY UNIVERSITY

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Assigned Topic: Understanding the Foundation of Leadership

A Written Paper
Presented to
The Faculty and Synchronous Class of
Quezon City University

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course
Entrepreneurial Leadership

By

Group 1

ABAÑO, ABIGAIL

ALCACHUPAS, SHANE ANNE

AMPIDAN, ANGELA

ANISCO, ANGEL JEZZAMINE

ARAGON, AILYN

AUSAN, ADRIANA

2022
Dela Cruz, Ruby
Gomez, Danica

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I. Introduction

Understanding the fundamentals of leadership is the primary goal of this report.

The decision-makers must make sure that they consider all the elements that will
strengthen the foundations, and there are many ideas about the different Theories,
and how to be effective in the world of leadership. These theories about leadership
explain how different types of leadership work in a company to make it successful.
Understanding these leadership theories and how they affect how you lead and
manage is important. Additionally, they must have the necessary educational
credentials, professional experience, personality qualities, a kind disposition, an
approachable demeanor, and other talents and competencies. They will be able to
perform their work duties and obligations satisfactorily and efficiently once they
have the necessary education, training, and experience. When they have leaders,
who would carry out the job duties of directors and supporters and guide them in
the right path, the employees in all types of organizations are able to carry out
their job duties satisfactorily and achieve the intended goals and objectives in an
effective manner. Over time, changes in the leadership process have taken place,
resulting in adjustments to the structure and culture of the company. The process
of developing leadership abilities takes time. In other words, the people who
accepted these positions need to concentrate on honing their leadership abilities
over the course of their employment.

In all contexts, leaders are recognized as one of the most precious resources.
An empowered leader acts as a catalyst, occasionally facilitating organizational
transformations. When there are leaders, who perform the tasks of guides and
mentors and point members of various types of organizations in the proper way,
they can effectively carry out their work obligations and achieve the intended goals
and objectives. Over time, changes in the leadership process have taken place,
causing adjustments in both organizational structures and cultural settings. Like all
other skills, leadership is a skill that must be developed over time.

In addition to the above-mentioned understanding there are various theories

regarding the nature of leadership, the qualities of a great leader, and the best
methods for achieving leadership success. These leadership theories describe the
many styles of management and how they contribute to the success of an
organization. It's crucial to have a firm grasp on how other schools of thought on
leadership might inform your own methods of management and leadership. There
are 6 theories that have been presented in the discussion such as the Great Man
theory, Behavioral theory, Contingency theory, Participative theory, Management
theory and the Relationship theory. These theories are significant because they
enable future leaders to be more efficient and effective in their positions. This is
particularly the case if they are constantly interacting with colleagues and

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managing personnel within the organization. Due to the fact that, regardless of the
theory a leader can adopt, he can utilize a behavioral approach to inspire,
encourage, and direct his people towards the effective completion of your goals
and objectives.

II. Body (Discussion)

Have you ever wondered what it requires to be an effective leader? It can be

hard to understand because you need to know many different things and act in
different ways. To make it easier to understand, The Five(5) Foundation of
Leadership shows you what makes a good leader. It includes Attitude,
Understanding, Relationships, Teams, and Performance.

The first is Attitude. Having an amiable frame of mind will help a leader form a
good connection with his members, which is also a key to being an effective leader.
A way for us to achieve that is to cultivate a good personality and Attitude. Knowing
what leadership is and having the right vision and values for it is essential but
wanting to be a good leader by practicing humility toward others is a must-have
characteristic of leadership. The Second is Understanding. Learning to understand
different personality types and having an open mind to cultural differences is a trait
a leader should have. Leaders don't just lead shallowly; they guide profoundly,
recognize the distinction of their members, and acknowledge them. A leader knows
how to adapt to these polarities and be able to manage his members still in a good
way and help them flourish. Third, relationships. No man is an island, they say,
which is true, as all of us need help from people around us. Developing effective
relationships with your team, colleagues, and other departments will help you to be
a great figurehead. Keeping a stable interaction and maintaining pleasant
association with others is one thing a head ought to do to have a smooth delivery of
orders and efficient designation of tasking to other people. Next is Teams. One of
the roles of a leader is assigning the subordinates to their assignments which they
are good at guiding them to improve their skills and talents as well as overseeing
their learning to be a better version of themselves. Using the team to help make
decisions and solve problems will help you immensely and help the team feel like
they belong and are listened to by your head's people. And Lastly, Performance. As
a chief, you ensure the team performs well and everyone is working and fulfilling
their respective duties. It is a good starting point to see how to set clear goals and
objectives and monitor them. Being able to motivate the team, reward good
performance and manage under-performance are the tasks the leader must do as
he is responsible for handling and making the most challenging and significant
decisions.

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These leadership theories examine the many management styles and how they
contribute to an organization's success. It is critical to understand how diverse
schools of thinking on leadership might inform your own management and
leadership practices. The discussion has included six theories: the Great Man theory,
the Behavioral theory, the Contingency theory, the Participative theory, the
Management theory, and the Relationship theory. These theories are important
because they will help future leaders be more efficient and productive in their roles.

According to Great Man Theory, great leaders are born and not made. These
human beings are born with particular traits and traits that aren't shared by all
people. These characteristics enable them to lead while influencing the route of
records. Because leadership characteristics are natural, great leaders cannot be
created. Some of the natural attributes of a good leader include charisma,
intelligence, political abilities, and wisdom. Leadership trait theory has certain flaws
as well, specific attributes that are always important in leadership in diverse settings
cannot be separated. It does not establish a clear association between attributes
and behavior, or performance. Leader characteristics cannot account for an
individual's complete personality. The best example of it is Henry Sy because he
started in a shoe business and it was so small before and it's only on the streets. He
thinks and collects ideas that can make him go higher and he went up, he is now
the owner of SM and other businesses here in the Philippines. The same as her son
and daughter and the one who now handles the company. For me, they inherit the
skills and understanding that they used to run the company of their father. Always
remember that born leaders don't need shaping and molding because they are born
with skills and talent and it is growing as they get old. We can see it when we were
a child, it is natural for us to think that all of us can be leaders but we know that
one of us is the best and can truly guide our team.

One of the best theories in leadership is the behavioral theory. The study of
leaders' behavior is the main focus of the behavioral theory of leadership. The finest
signal for influencing leadership and the best determinant for leadership success,
according to the behavioral theory, is a leader's behavior. According to behavioral
theory, leadership is the behavior of a person who guides a group's actions toward
a common objective. According to this behavioral hypothesis, anyone can be a
successful leader because people do not consciously choose to become leaders. A
person can gain leadership skills through experience, conduct, and actions. Instead
of emphasizing a leader's credentials, the behavioral approach focused on what the
leader really does. A management perspective known as "behavioral leadership
theory" judges leaders by the behaviors they exhibit at work. According to
proponents of this notion, mastering a particular set of behaviors is all it takes to be
a successful leader. Learning about behavioral leadership theory can be helpful if
you're looking to improve your leadership effectiveness or introduce a new

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leadership style. Even if you may have a title of manager, this does not
automatically imply that your staff will respect you, like you, or follow your
instructions. This notion contends that good leaders are not always born with
certain qualities. A leader makes oneself effective by their actions and behaviors.

The other theory that opposes the idea of great man theory is the contingency
theory of leadership. It discusses the importance of situational aspects in an
organization to determine the leadership style that the leaders must apply. In other
words, leaders do not necessarily depend on their innate skills but in the current
situation of the organization. For instance, a certain individual was assigned in a
department with a demotivated team; therefore, the required leadership style to
apply there must solve or at least handle that situation. Moreover, there are varying
factors that affect the situation of an organization including the internal and
external one. These different factors are considered as a disadvantage of this
theory since there are present difficulties in learning and understanding it due to its
complexity that will take the leaders some time before knowing the appropriate
leadership style for the particular situation. Nevertheless, this theory suggests that
the delegated leaders here should be capable in adjusting their leadership style
situationally. With this, it provides advantage to the organization through having a
leader that is capable of being effective in every situation they may encounter.

The best leadership style, according to participative theory, is one that considers
the ideas and views of other members. The leader in this theory solicits the
opinions and thoughts of every member of the organization to come up with the
best possible solution. In participative theory, before making a decision, leaders
typically first take into account all the ideas and suggestions provided by the
members of the organization. A leader who adheres to participative theory can set
up a meeting to collect suggestions from each member and get their input on the
best course of action for resolving a particular problem in the organization. Under
this theory, leaders empower their followers to participate in the organizational
decision-making process by giving them the opportunity to openly express their
ideas, freedom to share their opinions, and voice their suggestions. Nevertheless,
even if members are welcomed and invited to provide their opinions during the
decision-making process, the leader always has the final word. Bill Gates is one of
the best example leaders who believes in and applies this theory in the
organization. He embraces participative theory through encouraging his employees
to come up with innovative ideas. He also believes that empowering people and
valuing the inputs and knowledge coming from employees are important factors in
the overall success of an organization.

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In my discussion of Management Theory, also known as transactional

leadership, I discovered from a particular type of leader that this primarily refers to
a process including control, supervision, and group performance. And based on this
concept, the punishment and reward system operates. In exchange for your effort,
you will receive compensation when you obey your leader's orders and complete
the allocated tasks. And punishment is the contrary, but one thing I've discovered is
that the enforcement of rewards and punishments depends on whether you have
violated a company's rules, regulations, or policies. Therefore, if an employee goes
beyond and above what is required, he is rewarded, and if he breaks the policy, he
is punished. For some, this is a successful method of management. This strategy is
effective for encouraging individuals to be more productive and innovative at work.
Therefore, there is a chance that they will achieve their objective more efficiently if
everyone participates in the task. Towards other analysts, however, this is
unfavorable because there is a theory stating that if this system is implemented,
employees will only comply if they believe they will receive anything in return, not
because it is the right thing to do. On the other hand, Relationship theory or
transformational leadership taught me the opposite of the previous theory which is
the management theory. This connection idea is less authoritarian than the former.
Because this leadership style prioritizes good company and company socializing.
Leaders who seek to manage their staff, especially newcomers, take care of them.
These leaders like socializing and improving the workplace. Others prefer this
strategy since it improves the organization and keeps workers longer due to the
leader's management. However, some disagree because a leader may not see his
other employees if he is exclusively focused on individuals around him. He no longer
notices that others can bring problems, notably overfamiliarity. The leader may not
be able to distinguish between good staff and those behaving out of favor. However,
good employee interactions make it an effective strategy when it comes to building
a strong relationship inside the organizations.

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III. Definition of terms

Operational

Situational Context - Describes the reason for something that is occurring and
the appropriate behavior and actions associated with the situation. It is the
current condition of an organization that will help in determining the appropriate
leadership style.

Business Variables - These are the factors that affect the situation of an
organization including the internal and external one.

Open Minded - A quality that describes a person's openness to hearing what

other people have to say and to taking their ideas and suggestions into
consideration. Leaders must possess this trait to encourage the members to
participate in idea collaboration and motivate them to increase their level of
involvement in organizational activities.

Decision Making - A process that involves choosing a course of action,

collecting information, and examining alternative options. It is utilized by
organizations as a method to figure out exactly what the most appropriate course of
action is to help organizations accomplish their goals.

Conceptual

Ingrained - To ingrain is to deeply and strongly establish something within a

person, particularly a belief or habit.
Source: (Ingrain - definition, meaning & synonyms. Vocabulary.com.
(n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022, from
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/ingrain)

Contingency - The noun contingency describes something that might or might

not happen. We use it to describe an event or situation that is a possible
outcome but one that's impossible to predict with certainty.

Source: (Contingency - definition, meaning & synonyms.

Vocabulary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022, from
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/contingency)

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Participative - Participative management or decision-making involves the

participation of all the people engaged in an activity or affected by certain
decisions.

Source: (HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. (n.d.). Participative definition and

meaning: Collins english dictionary. Participative definition and meaning |
Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/participative)

Persuasiveness - The power to induce the taking of a course of action or the

embracing of a point of view by means of argument or entreaty.

Source: (Persuasiveness - definition, meaning & synonyms.

Vocabulary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022, from
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/persuasiveness)

Reprimanded - A reprimand is an official warning that a manager or supervisor

gives an employee in an attempt to improve unwanted behavior.

Source: (Indeed. (2019, December 12). Indeed Editorial Team. Retrieved

October 22, 2022, from
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/reprimand-in-
the-workplace)

Solely - If something involves solely one thing or one person, it involves only
this thing or this one person and no others.

Source: (HarperCollins Publishers. (n.d.). Solely. In Collins. Retrieved

October 23, 2022, from
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/solely)

Transactional - A transaction is any kind of action involved in conducting

business, or an interaction between people.

Source: (Transaction. (n.d.). In Vocabulary.com. Retrieved October 22,

2022, from https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/transaction)

Transformational - Transformational leadership is about inspiring others to

achieve greater things themselves.

Source: (Oxford Learning Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2022,

from
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/transfor
mational)

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IV. Conclusion

In Conclusion, Leadership is an essential part of life. Leadership can be seen

anywhere, in the home, at the office, in the church, in the community, and in
one's personal life. As a person grows up and makes decisions for himself, he
must be the leader of his own life. In this way, a person's success depends on
how well they can challenge, create, achieve, and inspire others. Having the right
attitude is key to being an effective leader. Understanding what leadership is and
having the right vision and values is essential. They must show empathy and
deep thinking, be open to new ideas and know that they and their followers can
grow. Leaders are responsible for maintaining a focus on growth by motivating
and inspiring others to achieve their objectives and goals. They must have good
communication skills and the ability to understand other people. Leaders must
Know how to adapt and change their communication style and be aware of their
behavior. Developing effective relationships with your team, colleagues, and
other departments will go a long way to helping you become a great leader.
Using the team to help make decisions and solve problems will help you and help
the team feel as though they are listened to and invested. (Ausan, Adriana)

I conclude that every leadership has different aspects and things we can
learn. To be an effective leader, you need to be firm and not be controlled by
your employees or members. And most especially we need to control our
emotions and think wisely about our decisions because we can't put the blame
on our subordinates, and it's our responsibility. For example, there are born and
made types of leaders. Great Man Theory is the best explanation for being born
to be a leader, it means that the person involved does not need any shaping and
because the skills you have are naturally there. For made type is behavioral
theory because the person involved needs molding or they need to be trained for
it. They need to cope up and learn to build the skills. (Anisco, Angel Jezzamine)

My study's behavioral theory contends that leadership is a behavior-based

skill that can be learned and improved. I agree with this notion since a group's
leader needs to have previous expertise in leading groups because it involves
many different tasks and responsibilities for the whole team or organization. As a
leader, you must also have a positive attitude toward everyone because your
followers will imitate your every move. According to this notion, the leader is free
to act and lead however he pleases, regardless of the situation. But as I said,
every decision and action taken by the leader will have an impact on every
member. As a result, when a leader makes a mistake and his decisions and
actions are ineffective, everyone's work can be ruined. Declaring a future leader
will be better if you focus on behavior rather than the leader's innate
qualifications. Leadership attributes related to task orientation are more

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important if the goal is to increase task completion. While a goal focused on

follower pleasure is more strongly related to interpersonal traits. Leaders that opt
to exhibit passive leadership traits frequently endure poor performance and
weakened relationships with their followers. (Abaño, Abigail)

Taking everything into account, the topic regarding the contingency theory of
leadership mainly focuses on managing the current situation of an organization
which suggests that the leaders does not necessarily concentrate on the entity as
a whole but on the event that they are currently facing and solving.
Consequently, the long-term goal for the organization was temporarily neglected
and they are being centered on handling the situation that is only a part of their
organization's whole objective. Nonetheless, this gives the entity an opportunity
to explore different situations and knowing the appropriate approach for it will
enable them to be prepared for the forthcoming circumstances in their
organization. In addition, the leaders will acquire different skills in the process of
adjusting their leadership style according to the situation that will be an
important asset in their organization. (Aragon, Ailyn)

To summarize all of my learnings, I have clearly understood now that the

cooperation, engagement, and involvement of both leaders and members in the
organization is crucial in the success of participative theory. Leaders in this
theory must possess communication skills because the effectiveness of this
theory can only be achieved if the leader has a knowledge of how to interact and
is able to listen well to its followers. Having an active member is also a crucial
part to work this theory because the participative member helps the leaders to
attain the outcomes he was looking for. The benefit of this theory is that it helps
to improve teamwork and foster creativity in organizations. Members are more
encouraged to get involved and driven to participate in any collaboration and
work that occurs in the organization when they feel that their thoughts are being
heard when they are shared. As more ideas are collected through participation in
this theory, there is a greater opportunity to update and improve the processes,
systems, or procedures of organization. Under this theory, by also allowing the
members to participate actively in the organization, the quality of decisions made
is enhanced since more individuals are helping the leader in making wiser
choices than a single person would alone. In this theory, the more ideas
suggested, it leads to more solutions being developed. Leaders may explore
several ideas to develop a better way to solve organizational needs. (Ampidan,
Angela)

To sum it all up what I've learned in the Management Theory subject I was
given, I'll say that I now understand that it is acceptable to provide an employee
with a reward sometimes for their efforts if those efforts contributed to the
company's success so that they will feel valued and appreciated. And there will

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be repercussions for breaking the law or other regulations. However, these

requirements shouldn't be based on the individual, but on their performance
inside the business. The reward and punishment should be based on the
standards of the company that have been implemented. Because anyone may
take advantage of it, and because if employees know they can always count on
an incentive, they won't do a good job because they want to, but because they
know they'll get rewarded. Furthermore based on what I've learned about
Relationship theory, also known as transformational leadership, this type of
leader demonstrates positive characteristics. Because it is evident that a leader's
leadership and treatment of his employees within this organization are
commendable. Because this leader's primary objective is to engage in fun and
establish a strong organization. Not very rigorous, yet gets along well with the
staff. In addition to increasing the relationship between the leader and employee,
however, there must be limitations because, if the approach is still the same, it
would be unjust to other employees who are more productive because this
leader pays little attention to them. This structure should be fair so that everyone
has the access to the opportunities that are fairest for them. (Alcachupas, Shane
Anne)

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V. References

(1) Western Governors University. (2021, March 23). Leadership theories and
styles. Western Governors University. Retrieved October 21, 2022, from
https://www.wgu.edu/blog/leadership-theories-styles2004.html#close

(2) (PDF) Foundations of Leadership - Researchgate. (n.d.). Retrieved October 20,

2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344336092_Foundations_of_Leadership

(3) YouTube. (2022). Understanding the Foundations of Leadership Presentation.

Retrieved October 21, 2022, from
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PwkRkJnA3lE&feature=youtu.be.

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