Mendeley Cite

Launch the add-in

After you install the add-in, you can launch it by choosing the add-in button on the References tab

On the References tab

References

Cite with Mendeley

Need more help?

Return to your internet browser or copy this link into your browser:
https://pages.store.office.com/addinsinstallpage.aspx?rs=en-
001&assetid=WA104382081&isWac=True&ui=en-US&ad=US
INTRODUCTION

In today’s world, esthetic is main focus of many adults and even older and younger
generations. As the world is getting more aware of their health and their appearance,
the dentists have to keep in mind the overall facial feature including facial parameters,
smile, gums and even the personality and profession of the patient so that a pleasing
combination of all can be delivered. This trend of heightened awareness has brought a
challenge of achieving good esthetic while maintaining high end functionality and
longevity of the treatment procedure. Hence to be successful a thorough assessment,
careful planning and precise clinical execution are required. And communication
between the patient, dentist and dental laboratory is the key.
With the advancement of material science, technologies, evolution of dental
armamentarium and new treatment modalities the restoration of function, health and
aesthetic can be achieved in most conservative way possible.
Today the appearance plays a vital role in the self-esteem of a patient. Hence the
role of more natural looking tooth coloured restoration has become more prominent
and will be so in the coming future.

The restoration can be achieved in two methods that are either direct or indirect.
Although both the restorations will restore the look and function of the affected tooth,
they will do so in different ways. The method that will suit the most to the patient is
determined by various factors such as the extent of tooth damage, the location of the
damage, remaining tooth structure and of course the economical and time factor.
Indirect restorations are those that cannot be fabricated inside the mouth and instead
must be fabricated outside of the mouth before being placed on the affected tooth.
Some examples include crowns, bridges, dental implants, inlays, onlays, and veneers.
These restorations can be fabricated by a dental laboratory or an in-office milling
machine, if your dentist has one. In cases where a dental lab is used, there are usually
two dental appointments required to place an indirect restoration.
In the following chapter we will be focusing on the indirect tooth coloured restoration.
Various materials, methods, indication, contraindication, advantages and
disadvantages along with studies on success of the restorations will be discussed.
Provisional and definitive retoration
To know which material should be used in a particular clinical situation we first
need to acquire the knowledge about the materials available, their properties, there
indication, contraindication, application, fabrication.
In the following section we’ll cover the above mention features of tooth coloured
restorative material available with emphasis on ceramic restorative material. As this
dissertation is concerned with the indirect tooth coloured restorative material, we’ll
discuss the materials in two categories viz provisionaland definitive restoration.
Before proceeding further first we should know what do you mean by provisional
and definitive restoration:
Provisional prosthesis: The word “provisional” means something that is
established for a time being, pending a permanent arrangement. GPT-9 defines
provisional prosthesis as “A fixed or removable dental prosthesis, designed to enhance
esthetics, stabilization and/or function for a limited period of time, after which it is to
be replaced by a definitive dental prosthesis.”
Interim, temporary, transitional, treatment restoration is used synonymously for
provisional restoration.Gratton, D. G., & Aquilino, S. A. (2004). Interim restorations. Dental Clinics of North America, 48(2), 487–497.

Definitive prosthesis: Any dental prosthesis that is designed for long term use.
Usually a definitive prosthesis is expected to last for at least 25-30 years .gpt-9
Permanent, long term restoration is used synonymously for definitive restoration.
UNIT-1
CHAPTER-3

Proviosional restoration
Provisional crowns or fixed partial dentures are essential to prosthodontic therapy
Some clinicians and patients alike, may be tempted to minimize and devalue their
importance specifically due to their transitional nature By extension, it can be
inappropriate to refer to provisional restorations as “temporary” restorations, a term
that tends to minimize their therapeutic value and strategic role. Nothing could be
further from the truth. The provisional restoration stage is an essential step in
achieving consistently predictable success in the functional and esthetic outcomes in
fixed prosthodontics.Oliver Pin-Harry, ,Provisional Restorations in Fixed Prosthodontics: An Essential Step for Success,November 10, 2020

This chapter will discuss the strategic role and practical utilization of
provisional restorations in a contemporary practice of prosthodontics which can help
the clinician enhance his/her fixed prosthodontic therapy. Provisional materials, their
properties and comparisons Techniques of fabrication are briefly presented although
more possibilities have become available to the clinician with digital technology.
However, it is beyond the scope of this dissertation to cover all the materials available
as this dissertation is concerned only with the tooth-coloured indirect-restorations.

Provisional restorative materials are an important adjunct for a variety of indirect

dental procedures, such as inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges, and implant temporization.
A provisional helps stabilize prepared teeth during occlusal function and prevents
exposure of dental tissues to the harsh conditions found within the oral cavity while
the permanent restoration is being fabricated. Provisional materials are particularly
important during long-term anterior temporization. They representan important step in
deciding the shade, shape, and contour of the final restoration, especially in complex
esthetic reconstructions. Treatment plan sometimes requires an extended lifespan of
provisional restorations from a few weeks to a few months. Koumjian JH, Holmes JB. Marginal accuracy of provisional
restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 1990;63:639–42.

Basic requirements of an interim restoration

An optimum provisional restoration must satisfy many interrelated factors, which can
be classified as:
·
Biologic requirements
 Prevention of fracture
 Positional stability
 Periodontal health
 Pulp protection
·
Mechanical requirements
 Removal for reuse
 Loss of retention
 Function
·
Esthetic requirements
 Colour stability
 Translucency
 Colour compatibility

Provisional restorative material:

The ideal provisional material has not yet been developed. A major problem still to be
solved is dimensional change during solidification. These materials shrink during
polymerization, which causes marginal discrepancy especially when the direct
technique is used .In addition; the resins currently used are exothermic and not entirely
biocompatible.
The clinical, biological and physical requirements of provisional restorations should
essentially be the same as those for a definitive restoration, except for the longevity
and color, thus bringing in the difference of materials from which the two are
fabricated.
Materials that are being used currently can be divided into two categories:
 Prefabricated:
 Cellulose acetate crown
 Polycarbonate crown
 Custom made:
 poly Methyl Methacrylate Resins (PMMA),
 Poly Ethyl Methacrylate Resins (PEMA),
 vinyl ethyl methacrylate resins,
 butyl methacrylate,
 bis-acryl composites,
 bis-GMA composites,
 Urethane Di Methacrylate Resins (UDMA)

Ankita singh1, sandeep garg2, comparative evaluation of flexural strength of provisional crown and bridge materials-an invitro study, Aug 2016, volume
10 issue 08 .
 Material cellulose polycarbonate PPMA PEMA PVEMA BIS ACRYL

BIS GMA
INDICATION
CONTRAINDICATION
SHADE AVAILABLE +++ ++ +++ +
CURING METHOD self cure self cure self cure
COLOUR STABILITY ++ +++ +
POLISHABILITY ++ ++
CHAPTER 4:

ABRASION RESISTANCE _ + +
FLEXURAL STRENGTH ++ + +
FREE
 UDMA

Cellulose
MATERIALS Polycarbonate acetate PMMA BIS ACRYL UDMA

INDICATION
BRUXURS
CONTRAINDICATION DEEP BITE
PREFABRICATE
CURING D PREFABRICATED SELF
SHADES SINGLE
COLUR STABILITY
POLISH ++
ABRASION -
MARGINS
215.53 MPa 240.09 MPa 148±7MPa
Hooper, Patrick ,Flexural
Hooper, Patrick ,Flexural
S idhant Sudan1 , Gurjot Sodhi,
Property Comparison of
Property Comparison of

Evaluation of flexural strength of UDMA-Based and Bis-

UDMA-Based and Bis-
two commonly used GMA-Based
GMA-Based
provisionalization materials: An in- Composites,International
Composites,International
vitro study, International Journal of association of dental
association of dental
research
Community Health and Medical research

FLEXURE STRENGTH Research Vol.3 Issue 2 2017

354.194 Dagar, et

411.212 Dagar, et al: al: An in-vitro evaluation of

An in-vitro evaluation of flexural flexural strength of direct, The

strength of direct, The Journal of Journal of Indian Prosthodontic

Indian Prosthodontic Society | July Society | July 2005 ,Vol 5 , Issue

FRACTURE 2005 ,Vol 5 , Issue 3,132=135 3,132=135

CRACK
Edward J. Givens, Marginal

POLYMERISATION Adaptation and Color Stability

of Four Provisional Materials,

STRINKAGE/MARGINA Journal of Prosthodontics 17

L DISCRIPENCY 0.0110 (2008) 97–101

RELINING
SELF ADHESIVE
CEMENTATION RESIN CEMENTS
HEAT
BRITTLENESS
REPAIR
MULTIUNIT/SINGLE
UNIT
THICKNESS 1MM FACIALLY
 0.5MM
PROXIMALLY
2MM INCISALLY
POSTOPERATIVE
SENSITIVITY
MONOMER LEACHING
LONG/SHORT TERM