INTRODUCTION TO

“ FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ”

Engr.Kyaw Thu Naing

Structural Engineer & C.E.O
KTN Myanmar Co.,Ltd
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CONTENT

•Purpose
•What is fiber reinforced concrete?
•History of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
•Application of FRC
•Types of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
•Benefits of using fiber reinforced concrete
•Effects of fiber reinforced concretes
•Introduction to design concepts of reinforced concrete , fiber reinforced
concrete and hybrid design
•Conclusion
•References

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Purpose

• To study new advanced construction technology

• To discuss about new advanced technology (Fiber Reinforced Concrete)
• To contribute new technology to others
• To develop new advanced technology in our country

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 WHAT IS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE?

❖Fiber reinforced concrete is defined as concrete made with hydraulic cement,

containing fine or fine and course aggregate, and discontinuous discrete fibers.
❖The fiber can be made from natural material (e.g. asbestos , sisal , cellulose) or
are a manufactured product such as glass, steel , carbon and polymer (e.g.
polypropylene , Kevlar)
.

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WHAT IS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE?

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CONTINUE….
❖Concrete is a brittle material that is strong in compression but weak in tension.
❖ Steel bars are traditionally used to carry the tensile forces after concrete has
cracked in structural applications.
❖In reinforced concrete, the tensile strain of the concrete at cracking is much lower
than the yield strain of the steel bars which results in cracking of concrete before
any significant load is transferred to the steel.
❖Steel reinforcement is also used to limit the crack widths under specified levels for
serviceability requirements.
❖ Unlike reinforcing bars, fibers are uniformly distributed in the volume of concrete;
hence, the distance between fibers is much smaller than spacing between bars.
❖Fibers can provide post-crack tensile and flexural capacity and crack-width control
in concrete elements.

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History of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

• Natural sources of reinforcement were used for brittle construction

materials more than 3000 years ago, such as straw reinforcement in mud
bricks.

• The first scientific studies on the use of steel fibers in concrete date back
to the 1960s (Romualdi and Batson 1963; Naamanmald Shah 1976).

• Since then, thousands of projects have been successfully completed using

fiber reinforcement, including slabs on- ground, composite steel decks,
slabs-on-pile, precast, and shotcrete.

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History of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Cont:

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History of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Cont:

High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC)

Stainless Steel(SS)
Strain Hardening(SH)
Desert sand (DS)
Ductile Hybrid(DH)
Ultra High Performance(UHP)
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History of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

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What are leading FRC Manufacturers?

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Fiber reinforced concrete is used for:

•Industrial flooring

•Sprayed concrete

•Slender structures (usually in precast plants)

•Fire resistant structures

•Mortar applications (rehabilitation)

•Airport Runway

•Cracks control Structures

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 Ultimate Limit States
Serviceability Limit States

Ref: Dramix New Researches

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Types of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

•Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

•Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

•Synthetic Fibers

•Natural Fiber Reinforced Concrete

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Commercially Available Fibers

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Usage Of Various Fiber
Types of Fiber Usage

Glass Fiber Precast, flat or shaped, decorative panels and facing for
architectural and cladding purposes.

Asbestos fiber Flat sheets , fire-resistance panels, and pipes

Polypropylene fiber Forming the outer casing for conventionally reinforced driven
piles.

Steel & Glass fiber Overlay to concrete pavements , shotcrete

General fiber Permanent and re-usable formwork , protection and

strengthening of the skin of concrete members

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Benefits of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

• Reduction or elimination of bar reinforcing

• Less congestion
• Lower labor costs
• Smaller crack sizes
• Better distribution of localized stresses
• Can provide additional confinement

Disadvantages

• Reduce Concrete Workability

• Balling May occur
• Concentration in one side may be occur

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Effects of fiber reinforced concrete

•Improved durability of the structure (weathering action, chemical

attack , abrasion resistance etc.)

•Increased tensile and flexural strengths

•Higher resistance to later cracking

•Improved crack distribution

•Reduced shrinkage of early age concrete (30 to 120 kg/m^3)

•Increased fire resistance of concrete

•Improved homogeneity of fresh concrete

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Unreinforced Concrete Vs Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(Stress Vs Deflection Curve)
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Unreinforced Concrete Vs Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(Stress Vs Strain Curve)

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Unreinforced Concrete Vs Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Vs
Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(Stress Vs Displacement Curve)
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Fiber Reinforced Concrete with different volume %
(Stress Vs Strain Curve)

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Different Types of fiber and properties

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Structural Effects of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

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Effects of fiber reinforced concrete

Fiber contribution to tensile flexural performance, obtained from

flexural test , showing softening and hardening behaviors

✓ Dotted Line shows un-reinforced concrete and show brittle behavior

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Ref:Naaman(2007)
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Ref:Naaman(2007)
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Effects of fiber reinforced concrete

1. crack forms in cement matrix;

2. debonding and sliding between fiber

and matrix:

3. bonded fiber bridging the crack;

4. frictional sliding. deformation of

anchorage, and

5. eventual fiber pullout; and potential

fiber rupture under tension.

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Effects of fiber reinforced concrete

Bridging effect of fiber

Cracks control in FRC

beam under flexure (Show
cracks width @ 1”)

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Design of Conventional Steel Vs Fiber

reinforced concrete actual distribution of simplified distribution

beam section normal stresses of normal stresses

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Design of Conventional Steel Vs Fiber

FRC beam actual distribution of simplified distribution

section normal stresses of normal stresses

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ASTMC1609- Flexural Performance of FRC

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Sample Test Results Report

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Hybrid Design (Reinforced Steel + Fiber)

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Conclusion
➢ Since its introduction into the marketplace in the late 1960s, the use of fiber
reinforced concrete has increased steadily.

➢ As of 2021, approximately 80 million cubic meter of FRC were produced

annually, with the principal applications being slabs on grade (60%), fiber
shotcrete (25%), precast members (5%).

➢ Due to continuous development of FRP , we can now have structural

application guidelines and standards.

➢ I like to suggest use of FRP on continuous support structure and encourage

to apply as hybrid solutions (Reinforced Concrete + Fiber Reinforced
Concrete).

➢ Use advanced solutions and lead the industry….

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 References
• Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Five Decades of Progress (A.Naaman)
• FORNEY VAULT Material Testing Machine Sale Center
• ASTM C-1609
• Concrete Technology (A.M Neville , J.J Brooks)
• Guide to design with fiber reinforced concrete (ACI-544 4R-18)
• Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites(Arnon Bentur and Sidney Mindess)
• Advanced Concrete Technology (Zongjin Li, Xiangming Zhou. Hongyan Ma
,Dongshuai Hou)
• Various Website from Google

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