MODULE 2

Lesson 2
Pencil Techniques

Motivation:

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Discussion:
In both freehand drawing and technical sketching, the techniques in drawing or sketching
lines are the same. Horizontal lines, for instance, are drawn from left to right. Vertical lines are
sketch from top downward, and inclined lines are also generally sketch from left to right. Short
lines are drawn with finger movement while long lines are made with arm movement. Long
lines, however, maybe drawn in segments with very small spaces or gaps between segments.

Below are the different Pencil techniques in sketching straight lines.

T
R L
L R
B Horizontal lines L R

Vertical lines Inclined lines

b. Short line drawn with finger a. Long line drawn with arm
movement. movement.

Proper Sketching of Straight Lines

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Horizontal lines:
When drawing horizontal lines, you should first try drawing a line in the air to see how
the line goes. Then apply a little pressure on the pencil tip and draw a horizontal line lightly.
Your hand and forearm should turn at the elbow, and the edge of your hand should slide
horizontally on the paper.

Vertical lines:

When drawing vertical lines, it is from top to bottom on the drawing sheets, and drawn
downward with wrist and arm movements.

Perpendicular lines

Is a line which makes an angle of 90 degrees with each other, Horizontal and vertical
lines can be drawn perpendicular to one another .But not all perpendicular lines are vertical or
horizontal.

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Parallel lines
A lines which never meet even if they are prolonged or extended to any desired length.
Parallel lines maybe horizontal or vertical or inclined. Lines maybe drawn in various weights or
thickness with soft pencil. This is done by varying the pressure of the pencil on the drawing
paper. The pressure exerted by the fingers on the pencil.

Curved lines, or curves are regular or irregular. A circle, an arc,or an ellipse (part of the
circumference of a circle). Irregular curves are those which has no definite direction.

Circle Arc Ellipse A B C

a. Regular curved forms b. Irregular curved lines

In sketching circles, the two- stroke and the radii are often used. For an ellipse, should
use the parallelogram method for the beginners. Two methods of sketching an ellipse should be
attempted only after one has aquired the “feel” of the drawing pencil. Below are some of the
techniques in drawing regular curves.

Techniques of sketching a circle:

a. Radii method b. One or two stroke method

Techniques of sketching an ellipse.

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Learning Activities:

Instruction: On a separate paper perform the following freehand drawing exercises

given below.

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3

Activity 4 Activity 5

Activity 1.
Direction: Perform activity no. 1 by making a box that has a measurements of 8
centimeters height and 8 centimeters width, which is a vertical freehand lines, the distance
between lines is 1 centimeter, make sure that all lines will be started at the center of your box.
And make your activity on the space given, after the instruction.

Activity 2.
Direction: Perform activity no. 2 by making a box that has a measurements of 8
centimeters height and 8 centimeters width, which is a horizontal freehand lines, the distance
between lines is 1 centimeter. And make your activity on the space given, after the instruction.

Activity 3.
Direction: Perform activity no. 3 by making a box that has a measurements of 8
centimeters height and 8 centimeters width, which is a inclined freehand lines, the distance
between lines is 1 centimeter, and the inclination of each lines should be 45 degrees. And make
your activity on the space given, after the instruction.

Activity 4.
Direction: Perform activity no. 4 by making a box that has a measurements of 8
centimeters height and 8 centimeters width, which is a combination of your horizontal
freehand lines, the distance between lines is 1 centimeter, make sure that all lines will be started
at the center of your box. And make your activity on the space given, after the instruction.

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Activity 5.
Direction: Perform activity no. 3 by making a box that has a measurements of 8
centimeters height and 8 centimeters width, which is a inclined freehand lines, the distance
between lines is 1 centimeter, and the inclination of each lines should be 45 degrees. And make
your activity on the space given, after the instruction.

Practice task:
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer before the
number on the space provided for.
________1. How many stroke method found in sketching a circle?
a. One-or two-stroke c. three stroke
b. 3 or 4 stroke d. none of the above
________2. Horizontal lines in freehand drawings are drawn_______.
a. Left to Right b. Top to Bottom c. Right to left d. All of the above
________3. Vertical lines are drawn ________.
a. Downward with wrist and palm.
b. Downward with wrist and arm movement.
c. Downward with wrist and shoulder.
d. None of the above
________4. What is the technique of sketching short lines.
a. Drawn with arms movements
b. Drawn with finger movements
c. Drawn with shoulder and arms movements
d. None of the above
________5. What is the exact angle to make a perpendicular line?
a. 45 degrees angle c. 90 degrees angle
b. 180 degrees angle d. 360 degrees angle

________6. What is the technique applied in sketching long line?

a. Arm movement
b. Arm and shoulder movements
c. Finger movement
d. All of the above
________7. What lines which never meet even if they are prolonged to any desired length?

a. Short line c. parallel line

b. c. circle d. ellipse
________8. What is the synonym of freehand drawing?
a. Sketch c. orthographic
b. c. technical d. none of the above
________9. What kind of drawing that is called special type of drawing?
a. Sketching c. orthographic projection
b. c. freehand d. all of the above

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________10. What do you called the three views in the special type of drawing?
a. freehand b. sketching
b. orthographic projection d. all of the above

References:
 Drafting volume 1 by: German M. Manaois
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2
F245657354657874567%2F&psig=AOvVaw0tqPQeUQYumKdZfo5-
2beY&ust=1602601465599000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIjxpL
Czr-wCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAP

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