ROTARY CONTROL VALVES

BRAY INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Gilson Y. Mabuchi
Latin America Control Products Manager

MEXICO
“Demystifying Control Rotary Valves”
14/Sep/2017
PRODUCT LINE
Introduction to Control Valves
Industrial Process Control
PRESSURE REGULATOR

Reducing Self-Operated – Globe Body

(SIMILAR to the 1st model1882)
 Globe Control Valve - Evolution

Globe Single and Double

Globe Aerodynamic
Seats (1930)
Body (1960)
Globe Control Valve - Evolution

Control Globe Valve with

Diaphragm Actuator
 Components of a Control Globe Valve

•Packing
•Bonnet
•Body
•Stem
•Guide/Retainer
•Cage
•Plug
•Seat
 Internal Types of Plug
Cv & Characterization

•The characterization and process flow quantity is

controlled by the orifice size and the valve plug
internal format.
 Internal Parts - CAGE
Cv e Characterization

•In type globe cage

valve the characteristic
of flow capacity (Cv) is
made by the shape and
size of the cage windows
instead of the plug.
 Flow Characteristics

Linear

Valve
Cv =%

% Valve Travel
 Globe Cage Guide

Cage

Plug Seal Ring

Pilot & Spring

Plug

Seat
 Components of a Control Valve
Special Applications

• For severe service

applications there are
special trim developed
to be used on:
 Anti Cavitation

 Low Noise Control

 What is a Valve?
A valve is a device used to control the flow of fluids.

The common faucet (llave de agua) found in your home is an example of a valve that
controls the flow of water.
 What is a Valve? How Does it Work?
By turning the handle (operator), you are varying the opening of the valve to control
flow.

Operator

Water
flow
 What is a Valve? Other Uses
These two valves are designed to control the desired water temperature.

The two valves shown here allow us to mix the hot and cold water in order to get the
desired water temperature.
Hot Water Valve Operator

Cold Water Valve

Both Hot and Cold
water valves open
to create
water
 Types of Valves

Non-industrial Valve Industrial Manual Valve Industrial Control Rotary

Valves Bray Controls
 ¿Qué es una válvula de control?
Una válvula de control es un dispositivo de
accionamiento que se modifica el caudal de
fluido en un sistema de control de procesos. Se
compone de una válvula conectada a un
actuador que es capaz de cambiar la posición de
un elemento de control de flujo (disco, bola,
obturador) en la válvula en respuesta a una
señal desde el sistema de control, haciendo que
la corrección de la variable controlada (presión,
temperatura, nivel, caudal, pH).
 ¿Qué es una válvula de control?
IMPORTANCIA
 Válvula de control: Una válvula de control es
un dispositivo capaz de modular el flujo en
diversos grados posición entre el flujo mínimo y
plena capacidad en respuesta a una señal
procedente de un dispositivo de control externo.
La válvula de control, muchas veces referido
como "el elemento de control final", es una parte
crítica de cualquier lazo de control, ya que lleva
a cabo el trabajo físico con alta presion y
temperatura, es el elemento que afecta
directamente el proceso.
 Components of a Control Valve
• Valve Body
 Mechanically controls the flow of fluid through
movement of a plug, disc or ball.
• Actuator
 It provides for movement of the valve stem or shaft
that is connected to a plug, disc or ball.
• Positioner
 Provides precise control for the open/close of valve
through connection with stem/shaft of actuator with
constant feedback.
Control Valves Types

• Rotary

• Linear
 Control Valves Types

• Linear - The linear travel of the stem enters and

exits the valve body. In this family the main valve
is the globe type with following design 2 way inline,
offset, angle and 3 way.
• Rotary - In this large valve family (butterfly, ball,
segmented, eccentric) the shaft rotates
perpendicularly to the axis of the valve body
passage of the flow.
ROTARY CONTROL
VALVES
 Rotary Valve
• Rotary Valve for general service has been
popular for typical applications due to the
compact size, high flow capacity (Cv), lower
cost, weight and easy for maintenance.
• The current market for Rotary Control
Valves are with a new generation of models
in increasing use in process control with the
bi-eccentric butterflies, eccentric plug,
segmented and characterized ball.
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
TYPE LINED
CONVENTIONAL BUTTERFLY VALVE
CONCENTRIC DISC
 Rotary Control Valve
Conventional / Concentric Butterfly
CONCENTRIC BUTTERFLY
Continuous disc to
seat interference
CONCENTRIC BUTTERFLY
S20 & S21 Valves
Pressure Ratings

Metal Disc / Rubber Seat

Between Flanges (Wafer & Lug)
1” – 20” 150 psi
(25 mm - 500 mm) (10.3 bar)

Dead-End (Lug only)

1” – 12” 75 psi
(25 mm - 300 mm) (5.2 bar)
14” – 20” 50 psi
(350 mm - 500 mm) (3.4 bar)
S20 & S21 Valves
Pressure Ratings

Metal Disc / TFE Seat

Between Flanges (Wafer & Lug)
2” – 12” 150 psi
(50 mm - 300 mm) (10.3 bar)

Dead-End (Lug only)

2” – 12” 75 psi
(50 mm - 300 mm) (5.2 bar)
 S20 & S21 Valves
Two Piece Body

• Upper Stem Seal and Bushing

Standard Coatings

Nylon 11 2”-8” (50mm – 200mm)

Polyester 10”-20” (250mm – 500mm)

Optional Coatings

Nylon 11 10”-20” (250mm – 500mm)

Polyester 10”-20” (250mm – 500mm)
 S30 & S31 Valves
Two Piece Disc & Stem
 S20 & S21 Valves Seats

Materials: • FKM
• Buna (Black & White) • TFE/EPDM
• EPDM • Chlorobutyl
 S30 & S31 Valves
Two Piece Disc & Stem
• No O-Ring Seals under Disc Screws
• No Holes in Disc for Potential Leak
• Easier Disassembly (No Pins / Screws)
• Allows Application of Special Coatings
• Enables Disc to Self-Center on Stem
 Applications

• Sulfuric Acid
• Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)
• Chlorine
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Hydrochloride
• Demineralized Water
• Other Corrosive or Toxic Applications
 Concentric Butterfly Valve
Advantages
• Low cost per CV installed.
• Simple design with cast iron body coated elastomer
(natural rubber, EPDM, Teflon).
• Concentric metallic disc or coating.
• Excellent sealing class with ZERO leak - API 598.
• Good performance in corrosive application with low
operating costs and ceramic option for severe service of
erosion.
• Connection wafer, lug or double flange.
• Sizes from 1 "to 120".
• Easy installation and low maintenance cost with short list
of spare parts.
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
SEVERE SERVICE BUTTERFLY
ECCENTRIC DISC
TYPE 39
Introducing
Bray Series 39
 SEVERE SERVICE VALVE
• The S39 is a flow control valve for ultra
erosive applications.
• This valve has a swing through seat designed
for control (not isolation).

• It is designed primarily for alumina refinery

services but it can be used on many other
highly erosive control applications.
COMPONENTS
Body Design

2” to 6” Wafer
8” and above
Double Flanged

Body Coating
Nylon 11
 Internal Components

Given the extremely erosive

environment that these valves
are used in, they need to be
made from extremely hard
materials such as ceramic or
hardened chrome-moly iron.
 Sintered Silicone Carbide
LINER

-Vickers Hardness 2460.

-Flexible
Bending
Strength 850 mPa.

-Bonded to Ductile Iron

Body by heat and
chemical resistant resin.
Chrome Moly Iron DISC

-Vickers Hardness 865.

-Singleoffset design for

uniform wear (disc & Liner).

-Hexagonal disc stem drive

connection to eliminate any
connection device in contact
with the operating fluid.
Optional PSZ Ceramic DISC

-Vickers Hardness 1120.

-Flexible
Bending Strength
1150 mPa.

-Having the same single

offset design and Hexagonal
disc stem drive connection as
the crome-moly disc.
PSZ Ceramic HUBS

-Vickers Hardness 1120.

-Flexible
Bending Strength
1150 mPa.

-Provide a running surface

and primary mechanical
seal at the disc / hub
connection.
Supporting Component’s

-Stem: 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

-Packing Set: St/Steel Hardware
PTFE and Carbon Fiber Seals.
- Bearing: TFE-316
- Base Plug and Cover: St/Steel.
Note: Packing hardware, seals, fasteners,
bearings and stem anti-blowout device are
derived from existing Series 40 HP valve
components.
Series 39 top works / actuator
mounting, Same as Series 40
The Heart of the Series
39 Valve is it’s Single
Offset Disc…

WHY…
 The Single Offset Disc Profile
Allows
• A smooth front face allows high velocity
particles to cross it without causing localized
erosion.
• Due to the cam like opening action a majority
of flow passes by the leading edge of the disc.
• Erosion is kept away from the disc / stem hub
areas.
0 Deg

Front Face Of Valve

10 Deg

Notice due cam type

opening disc opening
on left hand side only.
20 Deg

Disc opening on left

greater than on right
keeping high velocity
flow away from hubs.
30 Deg

Right hand side

starts to open.
40 Deg

As fluid velocity
reduces disc opens
both sides.
50 Deg

S39 Disc design promotes liner

wear over the maximum
possible area with minimal
erosive effect to the disc OD
and hub areas.
60 Deg
70 Deg
80 Deg
90 Deg
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
TYPE HPBV
HIGH PERFORMANCE BUTTERFLY VALVE
BI-ECCENTRIC DISC
 Rotary Control Butterfly Valve
Type Bi-Eccentric Disc (High Performance)

High Performance
Butterfly Valve.
 Bi-Eccentric Butterfly Valve
Advantages
• Aerodynamic disc with flow rate curve set to control up to 70
degrees with 100:1 turndown.
• Eccentricity disc effect without contact with the seat after
opening 2-3 degrees and less dynamic torque.
• Less wear on the seat surface.
• Excellent metal seat leak Class IV.
• Larger flow capacity (Cv) than segmented (> than 4") and
eccentric plug valves.
• Wide options of valve body and trim materials (steel alloys).
• Cryogenic and high temperature application (-196 °C up to 482
° C).
• Lower weight and compact design with connection options
wafer, Lug and double flange for sizes 2.1 / 2 "- 60" / 150 # ~
600 #.
High Performance Buttefly Valve Double Off-Set

Benefits of double
offset design “cam”
effect of disc rotation
Longer seat life

The industry standard

for most manufacturers
“except older,
outdated designs”
High Performance Buttefly Valve Double Off-Set
Bray/McCannalok Standard Valves

ASME Class 150 – to 285 psi (19.6 Bar) Inches Millimeters

S40 (Wafer) 2 - 60 50 - 1500

S41 (Lug) 2 ½ - 60 65 - 1500

S4A (Double Flange) 3 - 20 80 - 500

Firesafe Class 150 – to 285 psi (19.6 Bar)

S40 (Wafer) 2 ½ - 40 65 - 1000

S41 (Lug) 2 ½ - 40 65 - 1000

S4A (Double Flange) 3 - 20 80 - 500

Bray/McCannalok Standard Valves

ASME Class 300 – to 740 psi (51 Bar) Inches Millimeters

S42 (Wafer) 2 ½ - 54 65 - 1350

S43 (Lug) 2 ½ - 54 65 - 1350

S4B (Double Flange) 3 - 20 80 - 500

Firesafe Class 300 – to 740 psi (51 Bar)

S42 (Wafer) 2 ½ - 24 65 - 600

S43 (Lug) 2 ½ - 24 65 - 600

S4B (Double Flange) 3 - 20 80 - 500

Bray/McCannalok Standard Valves

ASME Class 600 – to 1440 psi (100 Bar) Inches Millimeters

S44 (Wafer) 3 - 30 80 - 750

S45 (Lug) 3 - 30 80 - 750

Firesafe Class 600 – to 1440 psi (100 Bar)

S44 (Wafer) 3 - 14 80 - 350

S45 (Lug) 3 - 14 80 - 350

 Bray/McCannalok
Fire Safe Valves

• Normal Service
 Seal Bubble-Tight in Both Directions
 Resilient Seat & Metal Seat Contact Disc Edge
 Bray/McCannalok
Special Options

• Aluminum Bronze Body Material

• Hastelloy “C” Body Material
• UHMWPE Seat
• Fluorosilicone Inner O-Rings for
Methylene Chloride Service
 Bray/McCannalok
Special Options

• Duplex Stainless Steel Alloys

• Alloy 20 Trim for Sulphuric Acid Service
• Monel Disc for Chlorine Service
• Longer Stem Lengths to Accommodate Differing
Control Areas
 Polar McCannalok

• Special materials and stem

extension allow extremely
low temperature applications
(e.g. industrial gases, LNG)
• Temperatures as low as -320
Deg F (-196 Deg C)
 Metal Seated McCannalok

• Special materials and

metal-only seat allow high
temperature and abrasive
applications
• Temperatures up to 900
Deg F / 482 Deg C
• Class IV leakage
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
TYPE TRI-LOK
TRIPLE OFFSET BUTTERFLY VALVE
TRI-ECCENTRIC DISC
Rotary Control Valve
Butterfly Tri Eccentric
 Tri-Eccentric Butterfly Valve
Advantages
• Metal-metal seal with ZERO leak - API 598.
• Connections wafer, lug and double flange (STD and
elongated)
• Construction API 609.
• ISO face-face 5752 and API 609, ASME B16.5 and B16.47
drilling
• Metal seat to the third removable eccentricity.
• Removable disk seat.
• Temperature limit of -254 oC to 650 oC.
• Sizes 3 "to 60" / 150 # - # 900.
• Cryogenic application and fire safe.
•The Ultimate
•Critical Service
•TRIPLE OFFSET VALVE
•Why a TRIPLE OFFSET VALVE Is Different
CONCENTRIC BUTTERFLY
Continuous disc to
seat interference
DOUBLE OFFSET
HIGH PERFORMANCE
BUTTERFLY
Disc to seat interference in the last
5-7% of disc rotation
 TRIPLE OFFSET GEOMETRY
The shaft is offset on both the X (1) and Y (2) axis of the
valve's centerline. This produces a cam-like motion. The third
offset (3) consists of an inclined conical profile machined into
the valve sealing surface. This allows rotary engagement and
disengagement of the seat and seal ring without interference.
All rubbing between seat and seal ring is thereby eliminated.
TRIPLE OFFSET GEOMETRY
Once the seat and seal ring are fully engaged,
torque is applied in order to create a bi-directional,
zero leak, metal-to-metal seal. For this reason, triple
offset valves are defined as "torque" seated rather
than "position" seated as in the case of resilient or
high performance products.
Tri Lok’s geometry immediately
disengages the entire seal ring from
the seat upon opening rotation,
which eliminates rubbing between
these materials.
TRIPLE OFFSET GEOMETRY
 TRI LOK KEY FEATURES

METAL TO METAL BI-DIRECTIONAL ZERO LEAKAGE

REPLACEABLE BOLTED SEAT / DISC SEAL SYSTEM
INHERENTLY FIRE SAFE
SPLINED DISC / SHAFT CONNECTION
ONE PIECE STEM, EXTENDED BEARINGS, ADJUSTABLE PACKING
METAL TO METAL SEALING PRINCIPLE

• Torque Seated
• Zero Leakage
• Inherently Fire-Safe
• No Rubbing
• No Friction
• No Sticking
• Long Life
METAL TO METAL SEALING PRINCIPLE

No contact prior to seating Contact only once seated

Seal ring is radially compressed into seat thru

torque loading.
REPLACEABLE BOLTED SEAT / SEAL SYSTEM

• Independent field replacement of both

the seat and the seal ring
• All maintenance activities can be
performed on site with no special tools
required
• No welding or re-machining of the seat
ever required
• Wide choice of available seat and seal
ring materials for abrasive or corrosive
applications
 SPLINED DISC TO SHAFT CONNECTION

• Internal disc to shaft connection

eliminates external retention
components, such as taper pins or
keys
• Tri Lok unique splined disc-to-shaft
connection minimizes hysteresis
• Disassembly of the Tri Lok disc and
shaft is as simple as sliding the shaft
from the disc
STANDARD PRODUCT RANGE
BODIES AVAILABLE:
WAFER LUG FLANGED GATE

SIZES AVAILABLE:
3”- 48” (80mm - 1200mm)

ASME CLASS:
150 300 600

DESIGN TEMPERATURE:
-58ºF to 842ºF (-50ºC to 450ºC)

OPERATING TEMPERATURE:
-58ºF to 700ºF (-50ºC to 700ºC)
Bubbletight in accordance with: ANSI B16.104 cl.VI / API 598 / MSS SP61
ALLOW LEAKAGE.

example: ANSI B16.104 cl. VI: 8” valve - 45 bubbles per minute;

24” valve - 400 bubbles per minute

ZERO MEANS ZERO

ZERO LEAKAGE: the ability to pass a test per ALL International

standards with ZERO bubbles of and/or drops of water
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
TYPE FULL BORE VALVE
CHARACTERIZED SPECIAL BALL
V-PORT CONTROL FLOW
 Rotary Control Valve
Type Characterized V-Port Ball

.
Standard V-Port Balls

15º 30º 60º 90º

Especial Micro Vazão

 Internal Types of Plug
Cv & Characterization

•The characterization and process flow quantity is

controlled by the orifice size and the valve plug
internal format.
 V-Ball
Inherent Characteristics

Preferred Flow Direction

 Globe Control Valve

P2 P1
dP
V-Ball
Inherent Characteristics

P1 P2
dP

Preferred Flow Direction

Closed-Loop Test
Load Valve

Z
Flow

Test Valve
FT

Flow
Controller Transmitter

Pump
 Characterized V-Port Ball
Advantages
• The valve has excellent performance with process control.
• Unique design in traditional full bore ball valve that allows the
choice of an appropriate CV to flow control with many options
for the same diameter.
• High turndown ratio of flow control (up to 500: 1) better than
segmented ball, eccentric plug, butterfly bi-eccentric and globe
valves.
• Internal option within the standard full bore valves line.
• Good relation cost X segmented ball up to 4 ".
• Sizes 1/4 "to 12" with screwed, welded and flanged valve
connections.
• Shutoff leak Class IV and VI - FCI 70-2.
• Easy installation and low maintenance cost with short list of
spare parts.
Characterized V-Ball Application

V-Ball Applications

Flow Control
Great With:
Level Control

Temperature Control
Great in Some
Steam Control
Applications:
Pressure Control

Control Range

30% Open at Minimum Flow

Round Port:
80% Open at Maximum Flow

20% Open at Minimum Flow

V Port
80% Open at Maximum Flow
SEAT MATERIALS FOR
V-CONTROL BALL VALVES

• Tek-Fil (Standard)
• PEEK
• Metal
•
 Characterized V-Ball
Exceptional Characterized Control
Linear (slotted or 15º ball)

Modified equal percentage (30º ball)

Equal Percentage (60º or 90º ball)

Custom

High Rangeability

Minimum range ability of 200 to 1

Maximum range can exceed 800 to 1

12” F15 V-Control Ball Valve
Standard Specification Flow rates highly repeatable within 20% - 80% range
for HP Data Centers of travel
CV (Valve Flow Capacity)
Globe x Ball x V-Port Ball

CV 1" 1,5" 2" 3" 4" 6" 8" 10"

Globe 14 35 75 155 220 400 640 1000
Ball 105 275 500 1150 2100 5000 9600 15000
V-Port 9 / 43 17 / 90 34 / 167 38 / 359 96 / 830 171 / 1479 692 / 2518 856 / 2934
ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
TYPE SEGMENTED BALL
EQUAL PERCENT FLOW
 Rotary Control Valve
Type Segmented Ball Valve Serie 19

.
 Rotary Control Valve
Type Segmented Ball Valve Serie 19

.
 Segmented Ball Valve Serie 19
Advantages
• Second generation of segmented ball valve with inherent
characteristic of flow equal percent and 300:1 rangeability.
• Excellent performance with viscous fluids and moderate dirty
applications.
• Soft and metal seat options with shutoff class VI and IV.
• 316 stainless steel ball with hard chrome plating as standard.
• Can work in control or on-off.
• Standard valve control in Pulp & Paper with increasing use in
other segments of Chemical & Petrochemical and Oil & Gas.
• Sizes from 1 "to 12" wafer and flanges 150 # / 300 # and RF.
• Lower cost per CV installed than globe valve.
• Easy mounting on pipe line and skids due the low weight and
small size.
• Low maintenance costs with small spare parts list.
 S19
S19 Flanged
Wafer

Series 19 Segmented Ball Valve

 Series 19 Segmented Ball Valve

Flow Coefficients (Cv) & Delta P

Max Allowable Differential
Flow Coefficient (Cv)
Pressure - bar (psi)
Valve size @ 90 deg
ASME CL 300

Metal Seat Soft Seat Shut-off Throttling

1” (DN25) 33 20 50 (725) 35 (500)

1½” (DN 40) 78 52 50 (725) 35 (500)

2” (DN 50) 133 95 50 (725) 35 (500)

3” (DN 80) 302 287 50 (725) 35 (500)

4” (DN 100) 460 436 40 (580) 25 (362)

6” (DN 150) 905 760 40 (580) 25 (362)

8” (DN 200) 1480 1350 35 (500) 25 (362)

10” (DN 250) 2430 2380 35 (500) 20 (285)

12” (DN 300) 3425 3410 30 (435) 10 (145)

Note: For Higher Delta P values and custom Cv requirements, contact Flow-Tek factory
 Series 19 Segmented Ball Valve

•Characterized V-port offering rangeability

in excess of 300:1

•Perfectly Ground spherical surface for

lower operating torques and rounded
edges on the V-Port enhance Cv and
ensure smooth flow

•Chrome plating on spherical surface

•Segment Profile is optimized to prevent

rocking motion while maintaining contact
with the seat
 Series 19 Segmented Ball Valve

Primarily used for Control/Throttling

but suitable for on-off applications in
various industries including:
• Pulp & Paper
• Chemical
• Oil & Gas
• Power
• Mining
Series 19L

Segmented ball valve for erosive service

 Series 19L
Background
APLNG installed several Fisher VeeBall valves as well as Valvitalia CB55 valves as wellhead
separator control valves. Both of these valves are failing prematurely caused by downstream
erosion.

Damaged Fisher Vee-Ball and VALVITALIA CB55 valves

 Series 19L
Study
Bray Technology Group studied the problem using advanced CFD techniques to simulate the
flow which showed similar effects as found in the failed valves.

CFD plot showing the high velocity stream causing damage to the valve body
 Series 19L
Solution
After studying the analysis results, Bray proposed the following changes which would enhance
the life of the valve.

• Reverse flow direction

• The segmented ball valves usually have flow direction from seat side for pressure assisted sealing
for soft seated valves which needs tight shut-off. However, for a metal seated valve with Class IV
seat leakage requirement, it is recommended to reverse the flow direction with specially designed
seat springs to minimize erosion of body wall on downstream. The reverse flow direction
significantly reduces the unseating torque making it suitable to handle Class 600 full shut-off
pressures.
 Series 19L
• Abrasion resistant replaceable liner
• The modified design also uses a high hardness abrasion resistant replaceable liner which is
clamped on the downstream side of seat. Different materials such as Chrome Iron or Solid
Tungsten Carbide are available based on process conditions.
 Series 19L
• Prototype manufacturing and testing

Hydro test – Tested at 154 bar for 1 min.

No leakage through end cover joint
Gland studs tightened during testing to arrest leakage

Seat leakage test – Tested at 8 bar

Leakage – 60ml/min. During testing it was observed that the leakage gradually reduced to a few
ml/min.
Dry torque = 16Nm, Torque at 8 bar pressure drop = 10 Nm.
 Control Valve Differences

2” Control Valve Comparisons

Trim Type Rated Cv

Segmented Ball S19 133
Eccentric Butterfly,900 80
Eccentric Rotary Plug 50
Single Seat Globe 46
1S – Drilled Hole Cage 30
2S – Drilled Hole Cage 24
 Attenuation from Insulation
• Thermal Insulation
 3 to 5 dBA of noise
20
attenuation per inch Acoustic

15
 12 - 15 dBA maximum
Thermal
 High temperature 10
applications will have
insulation anyway. 5

• Acoustical Insulation
0
 8 to 10 dBA per inch 1 2 3 4
Insulation Thickness
 24 to 27 dBA maximum
(Inches)

161
 ROTARY CONTROL VALVES
HIGH PRESSURE RECOVERY FACTOR FL
LIQUID FLOW
LOW-MODERATE PRESSURE DROP
Understanding Cavitation Basic Fluid Mechanic
Concepts

• Vena Contracta

• FL, Liquid Flow, Pressure Recovery Factor

• Vapor Pressure
Flow Through a Restriction

Vena Contracta:
Point downstream of the
restriction where the
process is at the Highest
Velocity and Lowest
Pressure.
 Valve Recovery Factor, FL

FL, Liquid Flow, Pressure Recovery Factor

A dimensionless expression
of the pressure recovery
ratio in a control valve.

FL = P1 - P2
P1 - Pvc
 FL Different Control Valves Types
P1

P2
FL = 0.90
Valve with high FL
has lower pressure FL = 0.60
drop in PVC (globe) Valve with low FL
has higher
pressure drop in
PVC (rotary)
Pvc
 Control Globe Valve Design

Low Valve Recovery Factor, FL High Valve Recovery Factor, FL

Single Stage Cavitation Containment

Fluid enters through the drilled cage.

Bubbles form and collide into each
other. As the bubbles collide they
implode against each other instead of
the valve trim.
Double Stage Cavitation Containment

Fluid enters through the drilled cage.

Bubbles form and collide into each
other. As the bubbles collide they Turn
Recombine
implode against each other instead of
the valve trim. Split

Two stage cavitation control

works on the same principle
as the single stage. However
a second stage or cage is
added to take an initial
pressure drop.
Multi-Stage Valves

P1

Static Cavitation
Pressure Sub Critical

P2

Pv
Valve Recovery Factor, FL
FL = .91 = LOW RECOVERY (Globe Valve)

- Pressure Drop Capability: Low - High

FL = .85 = MODERATE RECOVERY

(Eccentric Plug, Segmented and V-Port Ball Valve)

- Pressure Drop Capability : Low - Moderate

FL = .65 = HIGH RECOVERY

(Full Bore Ball / Butterfly Valve)

- Pressure Drop Capability : Low

 Hydrodynamic Flow Regimes
P1 P2

Subcritical

Static
Pressure Cavitating
P1

Vapor Pressure

Flashing

Pressure Letdown Path

Special Control Globe Valves
Special Control Globe Valve
Special Control Globe Valve
Válvula de Control Tipo Globo
 Principales Ventajas Técnicas
• Tradición desde 1880 y paradigma técnico.
• Excelente control de presión, para aplicación de alivio y
reducción.
• Tiene un diseño interno, que posibilita el cambio del conjunto de
asiento y obturador, alterando el CV (capacidad de caudal) de la
válvula, manteniendo el mismo diámetro de la válvula.
• Cuerpo con diseño interno tortuoso, con baja recuperación de
presión, con buena resistencia a la cavitación, posibilitando
trabajar con alta relación de pérdida de carga.
• Atiende a todas las clases de presión: 150 # hasta 2500 #.
• Buena selección de materiales de construcción, desde el acero
al carbono hasta especiales como dúplex, hasteloy y titanio.
• Tiene espacio interior para opciones de internos anti-cavitante y
bajo ruido.
 Principales Desventajas Técnicas
• Baja recuperación de presión con alta pérdida de carga.
• Cuerpo tortuoso con diseño interno, con pequeña capacidad
de caudal (CV).
• Válvula de diseño complejo y construcción con muchas
piezas (cuerpo, castillo, asiento, obturador, retenedor, jaula,
perno, vástago, juntas, empaquetaduras, preme
empaquetaduras, etc.).
• Cuerpo pesado y de gran tamaño.
• Baja rango (rangeability) de control, con valor máximo en el
rango de 25: 1 - 50: 1.
• Requiere actuador lineal de gran tamaño.
• No tiene clase de fuga ZERO, normal Clase II, III, IV y VI.
 Principales Desventajas Técnicas
• Requiere siempre una válvula extra de bloqueo para
garantizar un sellado estanco.
• Gran lista de piezas de repuesto y de alto costo.
• Largo plazo de entrega.
• Linealización de caudal (CV), basada en el curso del
actuador lineal.
• Piezas de repuesto, no intercambiables entre la válvula tipo
globo de control y el tipo globo manual.
• Limitado para aplicaciones de alta capacidad de caudal y
pequeño valor de pérdida de carga, como descarga de
bombas.
• No puede trabajar con fluidos que contengan sólidos y de
alta viscosidad.
Población de la válvula de control total
< 5%: Productos de
ingeniería de alta presión,
servicio especial
Total de Válvulas (cavitación, bajo nivel de
ruido) - Válvulas de Servicio
de Control Severas.

El objetivo es optimizar la mezcla entre el control valves de

servicio y los servicios de servicio general sin comprometer
la eficiencia de las plantas o la operabilidad buscando la
mejor opción técnica para el mejor control de proceso
Major Industries Where Rotary
Control Valves Are Used
Power Generation
 Oil & Gas

Onshore
Production & Gas Storage,
Processing Compression, & Transporation

Offshore
Production

Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) Oil Refining
Transportation
 Plastics

Toys

Electronics Casings
Bottles

Fabrics
Pulp & Paper
Other Industries: Pharmaceuticals and Food &
Beverage Processing
Mining and Steel
Ethanol
PREGUNTAS?
GRACIAS