Rajshahi University of Engineering &

Technology
Assignment

Topic Name: Partial Differential Equations - Solution of Laplace

Equation
Course No: Math 2213
Course Title: Complex Variable, Differential Equations and
Harmonic Analysis

Submitted By:
Name Roll
Md Abu Musa 1703106
Tanvir Ahmed Redoy 1703107
Sumaya Jahan 1703110
Md. Mazharul Islam 1703111
Section: B
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Submitted To:
Mst. Rupale Khatun
Assistant Professor
Department of Mathematics
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
Submission Date: 22-12-202
Work Division Details

1. Example 5 of 1-D Heat Flow

1703106
2. Example 8 of 2-D Heat Flow

1. 1-D Heat Flow Definition &

Diagram
1703107
2. Example 1 of 1-D Heat Flow
3. Example 4 of 1-D Heat Flow

1. Example 2 of 1-D Heat Flow

1703110 2. Example 3 of 1-D Heat Flow
3. Example 9 of 2-D Heat Flow

1. 2-D Heat Flow Definition &

Diagram
1703111
2. Example 6 of 2-D Heat Flow
3. Example 7 of 2-D Heat Flow
ONE DIMENSIONAL HEAT FLOW
Let heat flow along a bar of uniform cross-section, in the direction perpendicular to the
cross-section. Take one end of the bar as origin and the direction of heat flow is along x-axis.
Let the temperature of the bar at
any time t at a point x distance from the
origin be u (x, t). Then the equation of x
2 O X
∂u 2∂ u
one dimensional heat flow is: =c 2
∂t ∂x

Example 1
A rod of length l with insulated sides is initially at a uniform temperature u 0. Its ends are
suddenly cooled at 00 C and are kept at that temperature. Prove that the temperature function u
(x, t) is given by

( )
2 2 2
∞ −c π n t
nπx
u ( x , t ) =∑
2
bn sin .e t

n=1 l

where b n is determined from the equation.

( )
∞
nπx
U 0 =∑ bn sin
n=1 l

Solution:
Let the equation for the conduction of heat be
2
∂u 2∂ u
=c 2 …(1)
∂t ∂x

Let us assume that u =XT, where X is a function of x alone and T that of t alone.
∂u dT ∂2 u d2 X
∂t
=X
dt
and =T
∂ x2 d x2
Substituting these values in (1), we get
2
dT 2 d X
X =c T 2
dt dx
 2
1 dT 1 d X
i.e. 2
= 2 ...(2)
c T dt X d x
Let each side be equal to a constant ( – p2 ).
1 dT dT
=– p2  +¿ p2 c 2 T  0 …(3)
2
c T dt dt
2 2
1 d X d X
and =– p2  +¿ p2 X  0 …(4)
X d x2 dx 2

Solving (3) and (4) we have

and
2 2

T =c 1 e
−p c t
X =c 2 cos px +c 3 sin px
2 2

 u=¿ c 1 e− p c t ¿ ...(5)

Putting x = 0, u = 0 in (5), we get

2 2

0=¿ c 1 e− p c t ¿ )  c 2=0 since c 1 ≠ 0

2 2

(5) becomes u=¿ c 1 e− p c t ¿ ...(6)

Again, putting x = l, u = 0 in (6), we get
2 2

0=¿ c 1 e− p c t ¿ )  sin pl=0=sin nπ

nπ
 pl=nπ  p= , nis any integer
l
2 2 2 2 2 2
−n c π −n c π t
Hence (6) becomes u=¿ c 1 c3 e l
2
nπx l
2
nπx
sin =bn e sin , bn=c1 c 3
l l
This equation satisfies the given conditions for all integral values of n. Hence taking n = 1, 2,
3, ...... , the most general solution is

( )
2 2 2
∞ −n c π t
nπx
u=∑ bn e
2
l
sin
n=1 l
By initial conditions u = U0 when t = 0

( )
∞
nπx
U 0 =∑ bn sin Proved.
n=1 l
 Example 2
∂2 u 2 ∂u πx
Find the solution of =h ………(1) for which u(0,t)= u(l,t)=0, u(x,0)=sin by
∂x 2
∂ t l
method of variable separable.

2
∂ u 2 ∂u
Solution: =h
∂x
2
∂t

∂2 u 1 ∂u
In example 10 the given equation was = 2 …….(2)
∂x c ∂t
2

2 1
On comparing (1) and (2) we get h = 2
C
Thus solution of (1) is
2
P t
U= ( c2cos px + c3 sin px) c1 e- 2 [Using (5) of example (10)] ……(3)
h
On putting x=0, u=0 in (3) , we get
2
P t
0 = c1c2 e- c1 ≠ 0 ⇒ c2 = 0
h2
(3) is reduced to

P2t
u = c3 sin px c1 e- ……..(4)
h2

On putting x=l and u=0 in (4), we get

P2t
0 = c3 sin px c1 e 2 -
h
nπ
c3 ≠ 0, c1 ≠ 0 [ sin pl= 0=sin nπ ⇒ p= ]
l
Now (4) is reduced to
nπx - n2 π 2 t
u = c1c2 sin e 22 ……. (5)
l h l
πx
On putting t=0, u= sin in (5) we get
l
 πx nπx
sin = c4 sin [ put c1 c3 = c4 ]
l l
This equation will be satisfied if n=1 and c4 = 1
πx - π 2 t
On putting the values of c4 and n in (5), we have u= sin e 22 (Answer)
l hl

Example 3
The ends of A and B of a rod 20 cm long have the temperature at 300 C and 800C until steady
state prevails. The temperature of the ends are changed to 400C and 600C respectively. Find the
temperature distribution in the rod ate time t.

Solution: The initial temperature distribution in the rod is

50 5
u= 30 + x i.e u = 30 + x
20 2
and the final distribution ( i.e in steady state) is
20
u= 40 + x = 40 + x
20
To get u in the intermediate period, reckoning time from the instant when the end temperature
were changed , we assumed
u = u1 (x, t) + u2(x)
where v is the steady state temperature distribution in the rod (i. e temperature after a
sufficiently long time ) and u1 (x, t) is the transient temperature distribution which tends to zero
as t increases .

Thus u2(x) = 40 + x
Now u1 (x, t) satisfies the one-dimensional heat-flow equation

∂2 u ∂ u
c2 =
∂x
2
∂t

Hence u is of the form

2 2
u = 40 + x + Σ (ak cos kx + bk sin kx ) e−¿ c k t ¿

u = 400, when x=0 and u= 600, when x=20, we get

nπ
ak = 0, k=
20
Hence

∞
2

nπx −c ( )
nπ
2

u = 40 + x + ∑ bn sin
20 t

e ……..(1)
n =1 20

Using initial condition i.e. ,

5
u= 30 + x when t=0, we get
2
5 nπx
30+ x = 40 + x+∑ bn sin
2 20
3 nπx
 x−10=∑ bn sin
2 20

Hence
20
2 3
(
b n= ∫ x −10 sin
20 0 2
nπx
20 )
dx

[( )]
20

=
1 3x
10 2
−10
−20
nπ
cos)(
nπx 3 −400
20
−
2 n2 π 2
sin) (
nπx
20 0

=
1
10 [ ( )
−20
20
nπ
(−1 )n−(−10)
20
nπ ( )]
=- ( 20nπ ) ¿
Putting this value of bn in (1), we get

2 (−1 )n
[( )nπx −e ( )
]
2
nπ
20 2

∑
20

U = 40 + x - (Answer)
t

sin e
π n 20

Example 4
An insulated rod of length l has its ends A and B maintained at 00C and 1000C respectively until
steady state conditions prevail. If B is suddenly reduced to 00C and maintained at 00C, find the
temperature at a distance x from A at time t.

Solution:
The temperature function u (x, t) satisfies the differential equation
2
∂u 2 ∂ u
=c ...(1)
∂t ∂x
2

The boundary conditions associated with the problem are

U (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0
When t=0, the heat flow is independent of time (steady state condition) and so eqn. (1) becomes
∂2 u
=0
∂ x2

Its general solution is given by u = ax + b …(2)

where a and b are arbitrary.

100
Since u = 0 for x = 0 and u = 100 for x = l we get from eqn. (2), b = 0 and a = .
l
100
Thus, the initial condition is expressed by u (x ,0) = x.
l
The solution of (1) with the respective boundary conditions is given by
∞
u ( x , t ) =∑ ¿ ¿
n=1

100
Since u (x ,0) = x,
l

( )
∞
100 nπx
x=∑ an sin
l n=1 L
l
100 100
Where a n= ∫ x sin ¿
l 0 l

¿
l
2[
200 −l 2
nπ ]
cos πx =
−200
nπ
(−1 )n =
200
nπ
(−1 )n+1
 2 2 2
∞ n+1 −n c π t
(−1 )
Hence, u(x , t)= 200 ∑ nπx 2

sin e l
(Answer)
π n=1 n l

Example 5
2
∂u 2 ∂ u
Solve =a , given that (i) u = 0 when x = 0 and x = l for all t
∂t ∂ x2
πx
(ii) u=3 sin , when t = 0 for all x, 0<x<l.
l

Solution:
2
∂u 2 ∂ u
=a …(1)
∂t ∂x
2

In example 1 the given equation was

2
∂u ∂ u
=c 2 2 ….(2)
∂t ∂x

On comparing (1) and (2) we get a 2=c 2

Thus, solution of (1) is
2 2

u=¿ c 1 e− p a t ¿ [Using (5) of example (1)] …(3)

Putting x = 0, u = 0 in (3), we get

2 2

0=¿ c 1 e− p a t ¿ )  c 2=0 since c 1 ≠ 0

2 2

(3) becomes u=¿ c 1 e− p a t ¿ ...(4)

Again, putting x = l, u = 0 in (4), we get
2 2

0=¿ c 1 e− p a t ¿ )  sin pl=0=sin nπ

nπ
 pl=nπ  p= , nis any integer
l
 2 2 2 2 2 2
−n a π t −n a π t
Hence (4) becomes u=¿ c 1 c3 e l
2
nπx l
2
nπx …(5)
sin =c 4 e sin , c 4=c 1 c 3
l l
πx
On putting t = 0, u=3 sin in (5), we get
l
πx nπx
3 sin =¿ c 4 sin
l l
This equation will be satisfied if n = 1 and c 4 = 3
2 2
−a π t
On putting the values of c 4 and n in (5), we have u=¿ 3 sin πx e
2
l (Answer)
l
 TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT FLOW
Consider the heat flow in a metal plate of uniform thickness, in the directions parallel to length
and breadth of the plate. There is no heat flow along the normal to the plane of the rectangle.

D(x , y + δy) C(x +δx , y +δy )

A( x , y ) B(x +δx , y)

O X

Let u(x , y) be the temperature at any point (x , y ) of the plate at time t is given by,

( )
2
∂u 2 ∂ u ∂2 u
=c + ….(1)
∂t ∂ x2 ∂ y2

In the steady state, u does not change with t .

∂u
∴ =0
∂t
(1) Becomes,
2 2
∂ u ∂ u
+ =0
∂ x2 ∂ y2
This is called Laplace equation in two dimensions.
 Solution of Laplace’s Equation in Two Dimensions
Laplace’s equation in two dimensions is,
2 2
∂ u ∂ u
2
+ 2 =0 …(1)
∂x ∂ y
Let, u=X (x ). Y ( y ) …(2)
Where X is a function of x only and Y is a function of y only, be a solution of (1).
2 2
∂ u ∂u
Putting the values of 2 and in (1), we have,
∂x ∂ y2
X ' ' Y XY ' '=0
X ' ' −Y ' '
= …(3)
X Y
Now the L.H.S of (3) is a function of x only and the R.H.S is a function of y only. Since x and y
are independent variables, this equation can hold only when both sides reduce to a constant say k
. Then equation (3) leads to ordinary differential equations,
2
d X
2
−kX=0 …(4)
dx
2
d Y
2
+kY =0 …(5)
dy
Solving equation (4) & (5) we get,
i. When k is positive and k = p2,
px − px
x=C 1 e +C 2 e , y=C 3 cospy +C 4 sinpy
ii. When k is negative and k =− p2,

x=C 5 cos px +C 6 sin px , y=C7 e py +C 8 e – py

iii. When k =0,

x=C 9 x +C 10 , y=C 11 y +C 12

Thus, the various possible solutions of Laplace’s equation (1) are:

u=( C 1 e px +C 2 e−px ) ( C 3 cospy + C4 sinpy ) …(6)

py – py
u=(C 5 cos px +C 6 sin px)(C 7 e +C 8 e ) …(7)

u=(C 9 x +C 10)(C 11 y +C12 ) …(8)

Of these three solutions, we have to choose that solution which is consistent with the physical
nature of the problem and the given boundary conditions.

Example 6
∂2 u ∂ 2 u
Solve + =0 which satisfies the conditions u( 0 , y )=u(l , y )=u(x , 0)
∂ x2 ∂ y2
nπx
and u( x , a)=sin
l
Solution:

∂2 u ∂2 u
We know, + =0 ...(1)
∂ x2 ∂ y2
Let, u=X (x ). Y ( y ) …(2)

∂2 u ∂2 u
Putting the values of and in (1), we have,
∂ x2 ∂ y2
X ' ' Y XY ' '=0
X ' ' −Y ' ' 2
⇒ = =− p
X Y
'' 2
Here, X =− p X
⇒ ''
X + p X=0
2
…(3)

And Y ' ' = p2 Y

⇒ ''
Y − p Y =0
2
…(4)
2 2
A.E. of (3) is m + p =0 
⇒ m=± ip
∴ X =c 1 cos px +c 2 sin px
2 2
A.E. of (4) is m − p =0 
⇒ m=± p

∴ Y =c 3 e py + c 4 e− py

Putting the values of X and Y in (2), we have,

u=( c 1 cos px +c 2 sin px ) ( c 3 e py +c 4 e− py ) …(5)

Putting x=0 , u=0 in (5), we have,

0=c 1 ( c 3 e + c 4 e )
py − py

c 1=0

(5) is reduced to,

u=( c 2 sin px ) ( c 3 e py +c 4 e− py ) …(6)

Putting x=l , u=0 in (5), we have,

0=c 2 sin pl ( c 3 e py +c 4 e− py )

c2≠ 0

∴ sin pl=0=sin nπ
⇒ pl=nπ
nπ
⇒ p=
l
Now (6) becomes,

) (c e )
nπy −nπy

(
u= c2 sin
nπx
l 3
l
+c 4 e l
…(7)

Putting y=0 ,u=0 in (7), we have,

nπx
0=c 2 sin
l
( c 3 +c 4 )

∴ c 3+ c 4=0

⇒ c 3=−c 4

(7) becomes,

)( )
nπy −nπy

(
u= c2 c 3 sin
nπx
l
e l
−e l
…(8)

nπx
Putting y=a ,u=sin in (7), we get,
l

( )
nπa −nπa
nπx nπx l l
sin =c 2 c 3 sin e −e
l l
1
c 2 c 3=
i.e.
(e )
nπa −nπa
l l
−e
Putting this value in (8), we have,
nπy −nπy
nπx e l −e l
u=sin
l nπa −nπa
e l −e l
nπy
sinh
nπx l
u=sin
l nπa
sinh
l

Example 7
An infinitely long uniform plate is bounded by two parallel edges and an end at
right angles to them. The breadth is . This end is maintained at a temperature u0 at
all points and other edges are at zero temperature. Determine the temperature at
any point of the plate in the steady state.
Solution:
In the steady state, the temperature u ( x , y ) at any point ( x , y ) is given by,
2 2
∂ u ∂ u
, 2
+ 2 =0 ...(1)
∂x ∂ y

u(x , y)
0°C 0° C

O
x=0 u0 x=¿ π X

The boundary conditions are

u( 0 , y )=0 for all values of y …(2)
u( π , y)=0 for all values of y ... (3)
u( x ,)=0 in0< x < π ... (4)
u( x , 0)=u0 in0< x < π …(5)

Let, u=X (x ). Y ( y )

∂2 u ∂2 u
∴ =X ' ' Y and = XY ' ' …(6)
∂ x2 ∂ y2
Putting these values in (1) we obtain,
X ' ' Y XY ' '=0
X ' ' −Y ' '
⇒ = …(7)
X Y
Now, the two sides can be equal only if both are equal to a constant, say k,
X ' ' −Y ' '
Likewise, = =k
X Y
2
d X
⇒ −kX =0
d x2

d2 Y
⇒ 2
+kY =0 …(8)
dy
Solving these we get,
i. When k is positive and k = p2,
px − px
x=C 1 e +C 2 e , y=C 3 cospy +C 4 sinpy
ii. When k is negative and k =− p2,

x=C 5 cos px +C 6 sin px , y=C7 e py +C 8 e – py

iii. When k =0,

x=C 9 x +C 10 , y=C 11 y +C 12

Thus, the various possible solutions of Laplace’s equation (1) are:

u=( C 1 e +C 2 e ) ( C 3 cospy + C4 sinpy )

px −px
…(9)
py – py
u=(C 5 cos px +C 6 sin px)(C 7 e +C 8 e ) …(10)

u=(C 9 x +C 10)(C 11 y +C12 ) …(11)

Of these, we have to choose that solution which is consistent with the physical nature of the
problem. The solution (9) and (11) cannot satisfy the conditions. Thus, only possible solution is
(10) i.e., of the form,
px – py
u(x , y)=(C 1 cos px +C2 sin px)(C 3 e +C 4 e ) ...(12)
py – py
By (2) u( 0 , y )=C 1 (C3 e +C 4 e )=0 for all values of y
∴ C1=0
py − py
 (12) reduces to u(x , y)=C2 sin px (C 3 e + C4 e ) ...(13)
py – py
By (3) u( π , y)=C2 sin pπ (C3 e +C 4 e )=0 for all values of y

Here, C 2 ≠ 0
∴ sin pπ =0
⇒ pπ=nπ
⇒ p=n
Also to satisfy the condition (4) i.e., u=0 as y
C 3=0
– ny
Hence (13) takes the form, u ( x , y )=C 2 C 4 sin nx . e [ p=n]

⇒ u ( x , y )=bn sin nx . e
– ny
where b n=C 2 C 4

The most general solution satisfying the boundary conditions is of the form,
∞
u ( x , y )=∑ bn sin nx . e
– ny
…(14)
n=1

∞
Putting y=0, u ( x , 0 ) =∑ bn sin nx
n=1

∞
u0 =∑ bn sin nx [fourth boundary condition]
n=1

This requires the expansion of u in Fourier series in the interval from x=0 to x=π .
π
2
b n= ∫ u 0 sin pxdx
π 0
 2u0
¿ ¿¿
π
2u0
¿ [ 1−cos nx ]
π
2u0
¿
nπ
[ 1−(−1 ) ]
n

{
0 if n is even
¿ 4 u0
¿ if n is odd
nπ

4 u0
¿ [replacingn by 2 n−1]
(2 n−1)π

Hence, from equation (14) we get,

4 u0 ∞ 1
u ( x , y )= ∑
nπ n=1 (2 n−1)
sin ( 2 n−1 ) x ∙ e−( 2 n−1 ) y

¿
nπ [
4 u0 −y 1 −3 y 1 −5 y
e sinx+ e sin 3 x+ e sin 5 x+ …
3 5 ]

Example 8
A rectangular plate with insulated surfaces is 10 cm wide and so long compared to
its width that it may be considered infinite in length without introducing an
appreciable error. If the temperature along the short edge y=0 is given by,
u ( x , 0 ) =¿ 20 x when 0< x ≤5
¿ 20(10−x) when 5< x <10
while the two long edges x=0 and x=10 as well as the other short edges are kept at
0°C. Find the steady state temperature at any point ( x , y ) of the plate.
Solution:
In the steady state, the temperature u(x , y) at any point p (x, y) satisfy the equation

∂ 2 u ∂2 u
+ =0 …(1)
∂ x2 ∂ y2
 P '( x , y)
0°C 0° C

x=0 x=10
The boundary conditions are
u( 0 , y )=0 for all values of y … (2)
u(10 , y )=0 for all values of y ... (3)
u( x ,)=0 for all values of x ... (4)
u( x , 0)=20 x 0< x ≤5
¿ 20(10 – x ) 5< x <10 ...(5)

Now three possible solutions of (1) are,

u=( C 1 e px +C 2 e−px ) ( C 3 cospy + C4 sinpy ) ...(6)

u=(C 5 cos px +C 6 sin px)(C 7 e py +C 8 e – py ) ...(7)

u=(C 9 x +C 10)(C 11 y +C12 ) ...(8)

Of these, we have to choose that solution which is consistent with the physical nature of the
problem. The solution (6) and (8) cannot satisfy the condition (2), (3) and (4). Thus, only
possible solution is (7) i.e., of the form,
px – py
u(x , y)=(C 1 cos px +C2 sin px)(C 3 e +C 4 e ) ...(9)
py – py
By (2) u( 0 , y )=C 1 (C3 e +C 4 e )=0 for all values of y
∴ C1=0
py − py
 (9) reduces to u( x , y)=C2 sin px (C 3 e + C4 e ) ...(10)

By (3) u(10 , y )=C 2 sin 10 p (C3 e py +C 4 e – py )=0

Here, C 2 ≠ 0
∴ sin10 p=0
⇒ 10 p=nπ
 nπ
⇒ p=
10
Also to satisfy the condition (4) i.e., u=0 as y
C 3=0

Hence (10) takes the form, u ( x , y )=C 2 C 4 sin px . e – py

– py
⇒ u ( x , y )=bn sin px . e where b n=C 2 C 4

 The most general solution that satisfies (2), (3) & (4) is of the form,
∞
u ( x , y )=∑ bn sin px . e
– py

n=1

∞
nπ
Putting y=0, u ( x , 0 ) =∑ bn sin px where p=
n=1 10

This requires the expansion of u in Fourier series in the interval from x=0 to x=5 and from x=5
to x=10.
5 10
2 2
b n= ∫ 20 xsin pxdx+ ∫ 20(10−x )sin pxdx
10 0 10 5
5 10
b n=4 ∫ xsin pxdx+ 4 ∫( 10−x )sin pxdx
0 5

[( )] [ )]
5 10

¿4 x
−cos px
p
−(1)
−sin px
p
2 ) ( 0
+4 (10−x)
p (
−cos px
−(−1)
p)
−sin px
2 ( 5

¿4
[ −5 cos 5 p sin 5 p
p
+
p
2
+ 4 0−
p] [
sin10 p 5 cos 5 p sin5 p
2
+
p
+
p
2 ]
¿4
[ 2 sin 5 p sin10 p
p2
−
p2 (] p= nπ10 )

[ ]
nπ nπ
2 sin 5 ⋅ sin 10 ∙
10 10
¿4 −
n2 π 2 n2 π 2
100 100

800 nπ 400
¿ ⋅sin − 2 2 ⋅ sin nπ
2 2
n π 2 n π
 800 nπ
¿ ⋅sin
2 2
n π 2

¿0 if n is even.
800
¿± if n is odd.
n2 π2
n+1
800 (−1 )
or, b n= 2 [putting n=2n-1]
( 2 n−1 ) π 2
On putting the value of b nin (5) the temperature at any point x y , is given by,
∞ n +1 ( 2 n−1) πy
800 (−1 ) ( 2 n−1 ) πx
2 ∑
u ( x , y )= ⋅sin ⋅e 10

π n=1 ( 2 n−1 )
2
10

Example 9
2 2
∂ u ∂ u
Solve + =0, 0<x<π, 0<y< π, which satisfies the conditions:
∂ x2 ∂ y2
u(0,y)=u(π, y) = u(x, π)=0 and u(x, 0)= sin2x.

∂2 u ∂2 u
Solution : Here, we have 2
+ 2 =0
∂x ∂ y
Its solution is
u(x,y) = (c1 cos px + c2 sin px) ( c3 e py + c 4 e− py )

Putting x=0 and u=0 in (1), we get

0 = c1 ( c3 e py + c 4 e− py )
 c1 = 0

Putting the value of c1 in (1), we get

 u(x,y) = c2 sin px ( c3 e py + c 4 e− py )
Putting x= π and u=0 in (2) , we gwt
py − py
1 = c2 sin p π ( c3 e + c 4 e )

 sin p π = 0 = sin n π
 p=n
Putting p=n in (2) , we get
u= c2 sin nx ( c3 e py + c 4 e− py )
= sin nx ( A e n y +B e−ny ¿ ….. (3) ( c2c3 = A and c2c4 = B )
(given)
Putting u=0 and y= π in (3) , we get
1 = sin nx ( A e n π +B e−n π ¿
 0 = ( A e n π +B e−n π ¿
nπ −n π 1
 Ae = - Be = - 2b
1 −n π 1 nπ
 A=- 2 be and B= 2 b e
On putting the values of and B in (3), we get
−1 −n π n y 1
u = sin nx [ b e e + b e n π e−ny ¿
2 2
1
= b [e n(π − y) −¿ e−n (π− y) ¿ sin nx
2
= b sinh n (π-y) sin nx
∞
u= ∑ bn sinh n ( π − y ) sin nx …. (4) (General soltution)
n =1
(given)

Putting y=0 and u=sin 2 x in (4), we get

∞
sin x = ∑ bn sinh n π sin nx
2

n =1

π
2
Here b n sinh n π= ∫ sin x sin nx dx
2
π 0

π
1
=
π ∫¿¿
0

π
1
=
π ∫ [sin nx− 12 ¿ {sin ( n+ 2 ) x +sin ( n−2 ) x }]dx ¿
0
 [ ]
π
1 −cos nx cos ( n+2 ) x cos ( n−2 ) x
= + +
π n 2( n+2) 2(n−2) 0
1 −cos nx cos ( n+2 ) π cos ( n−2 ) π 1 1 1
= [ + + + - - ]
π n 2(n+ 2) 2(n−2) n 2(n+2) 2(n−2)

= [
π n (
1 −(−1)n (−1)n+2 (−1) n−2
+ +
2(n+2) 2(n−2)
1
+ -
1
- ) 1
n 2(n+2) 2(n−2)
¿

=
1
[ (
1
+
1 2
)
− { (−1)n−1 }¿ , where n≠ 2
2 π n+2 (n−2) n

−8
b n sinh n π = , where n is odd …(5)
(n 2−4)
b n sinh π=0 , when n is even and n≠ 2

Now, we have to find out b2 sin h 2 π .

π
2
b sin h 2 π = ∫ sin x sin 2 x dx
2 2
π 0
π
1
=
π ∫¿¿
0
π
1
=
π ∫ (sin 2 x − 12 ¿ sin 4 x )dx ¿
0

( )
π
−cos 2 x 1
= + cos 4 x
2 8 0
=0

b2 =0 …………(6)

On putting the value of bn from (5) in (4) , we get

∞
−8 sin nx sinhn(π− y )
u= ∑
π n=1,3,5. . n ( n2−4 ) sinhn π
(Answer)