Prepared by: Jobelle R.

Tapia, LPT
 1. Articulate ways by which
society is transformed by science
and technology.
 2. Creatively perform events in
scientific revolution
 A noncumulative episode in the
history of science in which a new
paradigm replaces the
incompatible old paradigm; this
process is called paradigm shift
(Kuhn, 1962).
 “explosions of new knowledge”
that creates subsequent chaos
 A paradigm is a comprehensive
model of understanding that
provides a field's members with
viewpoints and rules on how to
look at the field's problems and
how to solve them.
http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/KuhnCycle.htm
 Pre-Darwin:
- Intelligent design:
“The complex and precise
design of organisms and their
parts could be accounted for
only as the deed of an
Intelligent and Omnipotent
Designer’’ - William Paley in
Natural Theology (1802)
- The design is inconvertible
evidence of the existence of
the Creator
 Life of Darwin:
- Born on 1809 in
Shrewsburry, England
- Erasmus Darwin is a scientist
and Robert Waring Darwin is
a medical doctor
- Family Motto: E conchis
omnia (everything from
shells)
- Fear of blood
 Life of Darwin:
- Born on 1809 in
Shrewsburry, England
- Erasmus Darwin is a scientist
and Robert Waring Darwin is
a medical doctor
- Family Motto: E conchis
omnia (everything from
shells)
- Fear of blood
- Mentor: John Steven
Henslow
 HMS Beagle Voyage:
- 5-year survey trip with
Captain Robert FitzRoy
- Started its journey on
December 27, 1831
 Life:
 Born: May 6, 1856; Died:
September 23, 1939
 His family is Jewish
 Collaborated in treating hysteria
by the recall of painful
experiences under hypnosis
 In his book, ‘The Interpretation of
Dreams’, he analysed dreams in
terms of unconscious desires and
experiences.
 He is diagnosed with jaw cancer
and underwent 30 operations
 Before Freud:
- Behaviorism- theory that
human nature can be fully
understood by the laws
inherent in the natural
environment.
- Classical Conditioning of
Ivan Pavlov, Operant
conditioning of Thorndike),
and B.F. Skinner’s positive
and negative reinforcement
 Father of psychoanalysis
 Psychoanalysis- set of
theories and therapeutic
techniques related to the
study of the unconscious
mind, which together form
a method of treatment for
mental disorders.
 Components of personality,
defense mechanisms,
psychosexual development
 The Loss of
The Loss of The Loss of
Rational
Centrality Transparency
Design
 Scientific Revolution involves paradigm shift.
 The beginning of science in the modern
sense of the world is the pursuit of
explanation of natural phenomena through
natural laws.
 These intellectual revolutions become the
foundation of other scientific studies.