Statistics and SENIOR

HIGH
Probability SCHOOL

Module
Random Sample 10
Quarter 1
Statistics and Probability
Quarter 1 – Module 10: Random Sample
First Edition, 2020

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Statistics and SENIOR
HIGH

Probability SCHOOL

Module

10
Quarter 1

Random Sample
Parameter/ Statistic
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Module on
Random Sample, Parameter, and Statistic!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Module on Random Sample, Parameter,

and Statistic!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation – This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills

that you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing- This part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATION

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

 illustrate random sample; and

 distinguish between parameter and statistic.

PRETEST

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer before the number.

_______________1. What is the symbol for population mean?

_______________2. A number that describes data from a sample.
_______________3. A number that describes data from a population.
_______________4. Random samples are used to avoid ___ or error in sampling.
_______________5. Of the NCR population, 36% has an allergy. A sample of 1200
selected adults resulted in 33.2% reporting an allergy. Identify the statistic and give
its value.

RECAP

Recall the difference between population and sample as what we have learned in
the introduction of statistics. A population data set contains all members of a
specified group (the entire list of possible data values). A sample data set contains
a part, or a subset, of a population. The size of a sample is always less than the
size of the population from which it is taken.

LESSON

The word random describes the procedure used to select elements from a
population. When random sampling is used, each element in the population has an
equal chance of being selected. A population includes all the elements from a set of
data. A sample consists of selected observations drawn from a population. It is a
subset of the population. Gathering information about an entire population often
costs too much or is virtually impossible. Instead, we use a sample of the
population.

Suppose you want to find out the average number of hours spent on social media
daily in this time of pandemic by the grade 10 completers. It would be difficult if
you will ask all of them. It would be easier if you will ask representatives from
different sections thru Facebook messenger. You call that random sample.
Random samples are used to avoid bias-error in sampling by selecting the outcome.

Illustrative example:
Grade 10 completers-1,000 students(population) random sample-100 students

population
1,000 100 sample

μ - true
average Sample mean
Ave. number of
(parameter) hours spent on (statistic)
social media

If the average comes from the population, we call that parameter (a numerical
measure that describes the whole population). If the average comes from the
sample, we call that statistic (a numerical measure that describes a sample).
Parameters are usually denoted by Greek letters; (µ) for population mean, (σ 2) for
population variance and (σ) for population standard deviation. Statistics are
denoted by Roman letters; (𝑋̅) for sample mean, (s2) for sample variance and (s) for
sample standard deviation.

Illustrative examples:
A. Tell whether the given is a parameter or statistic:
1. The average weight of all males in the Philippines.
2. The average height of 100 cats in Pasig.
3. The average test score of 20 students in a class of 500.
4. The average daily allowance of all students in a class.

B. For each statement, identify the parameter and statistic used in the study.
1. The Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and
Technology (FNRI_DOST) surveyed 14 million Filipino adults aged 20 and above
and determined 80% of Filipino adults are at risk of hypertension.

2. A researcher wants to estimate the average death age of Filipino women in the
last decade and from a sample of 100 deaths, he obtained a sample mean age of
73.

3. Capvex is a drug used to treat patients with metastatic breast cancer. An

oncologist wants to determine the proportion of patients taking Capvex who are
healed within 10 weeks. A random sample of 200 breast cancer patients was
selected and 250 of them were healed after 10 weeks.

Answers:
A.
1. Parameter. Average weight of all males.
2. Statistic. Average height of only 100 cats in Pasig.
3. Statistic. Average test score of 20 students only.
4. Parameter. Average daily allowance of all students.
B.
1. Parameter: percentage of adults at risk of hypertension out of all Filipino adults
Statistic: percentage of 80% obtained from the sample of 14 million adults.
2. Parameter: mean death age of all Filipino women in the last decade
Statistic: mean age of 73 identified from the 100 samples.
3. Parameter: proportion of all patients healed by Capvex within 10 weeks
Statistic: proportion 250/300= 0.833 obtained from the sample of 300 patients

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Practice

A. Identify whether the following refer to population or sample:

1. The total number of students in a school.
2. A group of 30 patients in a hospital undergoing treatment for COVID.
3. The ages of all vendors in a public market.
 4. The top 50 top-earning Filipinos.
5. The list of all countries in the world.

B. Tell whether the given value is a statistic or parameter:

1. NCR has 16 cities.
2. The Philippine Senate is composed of 24 senators.
3. Based on a sample of 900 elementary students, it was found out that 30% of
them could not do long division.
4. Jupiter has 79 moons.
5. The teacher randomly selected 35 employees to participate in the sport fest.

Activity 2: Keep Practicing

Determine whether the underlined numerical value is a parameter or a statistic.

1. A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average
salary of 10,000 of its 300,000 graduates was Php50,000.00.
2. The average monthly salary of all assembly-line employees of a certain car
manufacturer is Php30,000.000.
3. The average late fee for 360 credit card holders was found to be Php156.75.
4. A survey of all Valle Verde residents shows that 82% has their own car.
5. The average age of selected 90 students of PLP is 19 years old.

WRAP – UP

Terms to remember:
Random Sampling- is a sample obtained from target population utilizing random
sampling techniques.
Parameter- a value/number which describes the population.
Statistic- a value/number which describes the sample
Parameters are usually denoted by Greek letters; (µ) for population mean, (σ2) for
population variance and (σ) for population standard deviation.
Statistics are denoted by Roman letters; (𝑋̅) for sample mean, (s2) for sample
variance and (s) for sample standard deviation.
 VALUING

Globally, as of 4:43 pm CEST, 6 June 6, 2020, there have been 6,663,304

confirmed cases of COVID 19, including 392,802 deaths, reported to WHO. Being
part of the world population, it is our role to take part to flatten the curve by
observing the protocols in our community. Stay home as much as you can, keep a
safe distance, and wash hands often. They are simple tasks but they help a lot. In
your capacity as a student, how can you help the government achieve its aim to
enhance the knowledge, practices, and attitude of the general public in controlling
and preventing the spread of Covid-19 infection?

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. A number that describes a sample.
A. Population B. sample C. Parameter D. statistic
2. Collection of all items one wishes to investigate.
A. Population B. sample C. Parameter D. statistic
3. A sample obtained from target population using sampling techniques.
A. Parameter B. statistic C. Mean D. random sample
4. Parameter describes a ___________.
A. Population B. sample C. random D. sampling
5. The average weight of every 6th person entering the mall within a 3-hour period
was 146 lb. What does the underlined value indicate?
A. Population B. sample C. Parameter D. statistic

KEY TO CORRECTION

0.332-sample proportion 5.
Bias 4.
Population 3.
Statistic 2.
µ 1.

Pretest:

population 5. Statistic 5.
Sample 4. Parameter 4.
Population 3. Statistic 3.
Sample 2. Parameter 2.
Population 1. Parameter 1.
A. B.
Activity 1: Activity 1:

Statistic
D 5.
Parameter
A 4.
Statistic
D 3.
Parameter
A 2.
Statistic
D 1.

Posttest:2:
Activity

References
Rene R. Belecina, Elisa Baccay and Efren Mateo, Statistics and Probability, First
Edition, Rex Book Store, Inc., 2016
George A. Alonzo, Statistics & Probability for Senior High School Grade 11,
Salinlahi Publishing House, Inc. 2017

Raymond B. Canlapan, Statistics and Probability, DIWA Learning Systems Inc. ,

2016

Yonardo A. Gabuyo and Marjorie C. Cardenas, Statistics and Probability, The

Inteligente Publishing Inc., 2016