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DISITAL HABERLESME Kaynak: t) “Communication Sjstens 4) “Mockera Digital ar Anahg Communication BPLathi, The Dryckr Bess 3) “Analog ve Sayisol Neksin", Hwei P tev, Shaum's Outlines 4) *Mebsim Kora Haluk Dern, Murat Asgar, DTU joy 5) “Sayiscl Haberlesme', Abmet H. Kayran |) Birsen Yaynevi AKER KILIE Fr ” Son thy fin, Toho Wiley Sons Systems Ginis: Bir anaky veya Ajrtel Dili tsaretini (505, gérint! rb) uzakbkt bi- ahaya vistirabiimek icin Klasyon is Femi gee Michi Mock fasyon takemi le Bily’ rsareté yokook Bir frekorsa btelenir: Bu ta anten Doystorw kueeltire ma- fyeti ve wlanablidgni artic Aks! ferumla, moold ~ syon maz ise gerekl anten Boy Kihmeke sie ife- ale eiliz, pratkte Bygulanmoss murmkiin epi bali OR: Bir Bikyinin Metin’ gin gerekl! anten Boy; Arter Loys 22 , Ask . F dasan Sesi 4: 80 Ha (lok kala) Jasan Jes! 2: 15 Kia (Cok #z,ince) Boo Kenn fiz 3ohe, A= Sgeeoe Abe /ooeo Gerekh antenin ows 2s Leee. 2500 kn fe IKKER KILKE fa= (5000 Ha, A, = 320800 kin _ 96 kn, (5080 Ven Gerekli antenn toys Be = 22-5 km Moctilasyon iskemi uygulamaksizin fasan sesinin Hebiny P20 geek olan anten Boystlars max=2500 km , miaz5km waka! Ve uyguénabili- abegi bic Bunun yerine Dib’ jsaret yoksek frekansh Di Lasiyics Bering Doirctor li Béylelikle gerektt olan anten Boy, Casiyicr jfrekenst le erantit hale getril= fo kh ee 300000 3) Aynk zaman! frareter Uh hg hzene rohatikl, obnise- dikbpineter entegre teknolyiss ‘ke yyomluche la a)Giriltiye Furst analy mostilesyon tetaiklerinclen Perm oblige ctarum x@) wo [12KER xiLig/ zi Ok: f3 < Bue obchige torem (ws<¥2we) Xlw2) ! > w E Sows Jus Bang We ie istinlebihen 8 os! Bios isacek Cam olarak Sener eee Bhores ele etlene. Darbe Genlk MoJéhs nw (Pulse Amphibole Meclulation-Pam) Darbe genth mackilasycauncla (Pasa) tasyic: Larbe cb. zisindeki ter larbenin geez rh rsaretine Laz ofa- rok alexis SQ-kT) PAM ca kullanrln tutma lewresi fi sefitele pp bbili= a) Degal d-nekleme 7 ; 4) Diz tepel dmekleme fice eel 26% a) Degol Orneklene : Whsek bch bi enotrborlomer te girisin Kise sdlreli aratillarla auhisa Hehimesichr- Dar be ‘tepeler’ ez olmayyp gs gealgirt fzler 4) bbz ‘epeli Diebler: Me anahfer ve poralel axle a Kapasite ile gerceklestinhi- Xp 37 b 2b PAM sare ; wot: 2 xen), 4-KT) Dikbat echilmesi nokta; omekleme frefansinin er yobsek Dilys i Sonet ty Lien Bays “ee See hire Alsi Sluremeat Dili ger che ectiemez G£s5-6) PAM Demackibsyons PAM sinyolince ter bir larbenin Sonsuza Kaver vzanan harmonie parc: Bu ee Dirbirias far 2 7 Darke Sie Mibgensnan Orlane Gia! Darke sire mockibsyonu ortalme elarak Te pects hrbe sina! seklinle cSinisinihim ve oe besaphow= Darbe séresi:T tobal ecthlgincle Pou = Darbe Yer Mockihsyonunun Ortleme Gias : En clasck guce sahip mookibsyen tartare DYM clarbe gers- Hkleci Grn olsun To: Omnekleme periyooks Bou AS A -13- Darbe Kéol Modliiasyonu : Darbe mocliihsyonlarinck , aneleg bifyi ayrik zamana ae. abstirleek Eraekleme jfe) etl PAM la arbenin genkj, PIM ee abrbenin sires’, PPM cle brbenin Perjyst iserisin~ ek yea Bibi fSarek cle =tjru oranth Bir sekikle ole- gistiilmebtecti= Ba asamactin Sonra ayrik verilerin guns mdz fjtel Lelrolejisine syymbinchrabilmek sin dsaretn geolk pibisi Dinary yon Dk olizene Senistarchir- Istenirse [-l PAM keckgimiz lik olézen bre ke e- adstirship Ghenebil-Fakat abaha cok Binary sistem tr ch atimektect— Gentk Dibisinin M seviyeli Faye sistemine bnistS - rilmesine Kuan telama (nicememe) aleni- Bila ssaretinin gmeklencikten sonra 4 Seriyel! say, sistemine bristiril. mesive FCM CDarbe kot moctilasyere) fenire £ vsaret peu Pom hk Lyagram Kuanctalbma bshemi: PAM ésaretode hk aeger ker orijinal talleri fe pr hei Baron’ gorine isarett Bolirh: rantaking viyererine pore fanack gore bye Bag esrkhgr artwacakhi- xt) isaret FAnay, Anas] aralipocla Q= 2" aelet est of€ quanta lama arolgina pobinmek tsteniyorsa Rantala o rolge veyor achm tA a A olarak farm lana Kean talama tslemincke dmek bgjerlerin -l4- tolinalgy bln Belloni Orregin «38,8 aralgo- ala lepisiyor ve 8 fuantelima Serjyes! Belirtenmek /s- tense, tirartalama arext1 a: B22 birin ebcokhy- OR: xtt) [4,2] arahgincla olyp.8 feantalama seviyesi tt Arrulerorke PCM yaprlnck fake letkn for psareHlerine ait Pong Binacy Koc! bijer erin Bulnez. “ AraltG! Sewiyesi Ly lege _ F-3,-6] = me 900 E 6-4] -2 my oo! Fu2] 4 m F2,e] o ma ont [o.2] a me to [a4] f me 2 m 110 [4.6] Vt IM: [68] 3 # Giris Conk? Kcantalora Jeriyesi Kod / 2, 768 +t fms fol -5yF -2/ mi eo! 6,73 3 fmt wd -0,1 o7/ m3 oll -[5- Hiaota lana aolm sayist arterkhkea xinyole ait Kuan. tala go vrildise fe sake Bora farsi Bir ore NGFi Hele etmek sin eullaninas: gerelen hit saytsi artacabhr- Pom sisteminin alter kisminck (slemkerin tam tes: ppt: analog mesg jsareli eb eclily- Dézod n_SKeantalama : Adlim vauntsklecr sabrt olan, asajk sehibe <8! anim fanen duantelama islemicbim yeyscrkrs 8 es 43 mgt) L_—i42 me (ito) ~Lpt m6 (lot) al (00) ot melt) sey. ciels lm (ol 4 (001) m, fain -6 8 Vert Aro! — Kiante ba a Peat Kec! Es,- fT €60 F6-¥ -2 m oo! fi 7 2] at my of0 4, 0] 0 = at [o, 2] o my 488 [z si J +f ms fof [a é] 42 me j10 [a8] +3 me 8 kwantalma seviyesi ~3,-2,-1,0, 0,41, 42,43 srasr te Mo, mH, M2Z,.m3 1% ,ME,ME, Mz olarak isimlerctirv bie Bas singe fer cequalskla shilt xay: sistemi tullarilarak. Loctbnun Darbe ofzisi seklincle olusturslan PCM sibpiler’ kj rvcan Kabh Szerincen veya anerleg mocbilesyan yénten- feri kullanibarok abe horaf he ebbparin Zesune reye genigne balolmolsan sackee Bir clalgawn vacginn veya Fothigunen selirlenmesi ert olnaketoctim fleilt 15a- ret otzsé eb ethhkhen sonra, Ko! edtlerek, fas- antakams omek begjerter Dulerur- Xsan tolama rslemincle girs ve oikas fraretlers aroSit~ bk farka koantalama hates: veya teantalama grils enim Kiantolama holesina ortobma gueuns bubale. e: Kuanteluma hots: olsen -~@ ese %, [2 Re Fr feel ee cfs Ce a a/ £-5f/¢--¢F -%, -~% 3 Ba] 8 & f 3 2 Rese (EP td baret Gursité Oram: (Sw) Amax geatgne gére ayer bans n tittk Bir kuanta- haytes gels A clan #- sintsoiceal /sarete Ly ge hemos jsaret fyailbe rans (Gos) séyle Aesop lanabitix _S _ Preset Af _ AR In AB gg oe WN” Pyseslig ” a2 Ss, pea Se “Prrex ae . Desbel (las? foley, G- Wt6#6e2n+20lg (A ) -l?- “ 08; /volt genbkh: sinus gecihmi en az 3028 =n) oranr eke cokeek sekible tuantalmek ishyoruz,Buaun isin It clen vantelama aralgin ve Kas bith kolleyscs ftallaamanz gerckbiclie P AzAmaxs=l volt (B)s- 136 + 602042109, @e= Deda — (B0-Ne n= (B21 ) = 4,691 Bo chroma nZ469! Kain asd damsayist segile, Kiantebima aralk sayssi= 2" 2°32 Koartabra avolgi= Bien 2. f seqilne lela nz5 bitik Koollayrer tillecibmahelit— bsaret gids orom (5) Heckesiacden an kes kacey? gt sare. tin get sejer (A) kcdhlikge = azalr- jer A<2 whe SA gurls isaretles aha Sbytk okirn Kanalele isaret olmackg Aalle Bir giriths Aypstere Bono pos nal grits. si cleair Bun énlemenin yole angie gibir Bir ohegun soantalayes seqmekhi-Biylece got alge? AB ohn * arctan "0" abu! exblnis: ofer= oes (ixee 5115] Giris Sifir geaiste kizgin Kesar ter br YI -!8- ‘Dexigh Tal OF ofiantalama: Geneltlle elise pee Sbjerlere ahjp ssarettrck, Gok i EE el gerke- hutonur- Exit arolkh die. gi «ban byrer suits gok fazka sayin gered. ae tuantakine a@ralgr olusturmys oluruz (Gaz 325 genkl TAjoles) ae ferbi- anek icin Aaran.yacaginiz ad Sayles arteu> Barun yecine shale; genestime reyq 5 srkistrma (slenlers larak eloha vernal tallansh> Coke Saycladd slinik gen ie Gin fazbca Crakk az Sayprolek; yoksek otkh akjor Br kein —abaha at arahk brumbni- _}- _}_- Skis TRA GENLES THAME rma ei burch: a)A- Sbanclartlesins ik tp sthaste aA egisi 8) hans ne Lol. merika ve Taponyat fo “shasta whan (4 tpi ge hha A- a gr i_srlgtema : I) Joi Gel Lt MIX! Bulg! Fy d= gro = toy Cank& gycain ft 972 tpi ‘sikistira agaist x oC oz o¥ 06 o8 3 -19- Mkhsek sikistrma saglamok ein Ro seabe Aix! A= 5900) (FEA) f OSx SIA sgotm (lt B(Alx)) 14a i ASS sgalay= yt! 7 X72 lpi Cenkti - , xFSK (Frequency shift Keying) FSK' Ja asiyici fsareén anv frekaosr Por kostunen e§erlenine Bagh ohrek abi tint Basit Air anahta~ fama He "1" olegeri sinwit rle "0" lefer! ise Fin tink je llethy- Béylece Ove | iki fackh ysksek frekansh tasiycr ile Lemsil Sts oly € sata *o ~23- sinwyt Pom Ours ow eo FSK sincyt FSK tsaretnin hant genishgr B; Bo w,-vgr Bo formile de hesap tan Bucecla +: Bir Saniyecke gonclerifen Bit sayisior gesteri= "W" fer Tein for d99 LHe, fr= Tait e y LA Gine JM He kullarslmak-fachr: Sariye cle fopo a ge (gore FS isarehain ant geri lpr fun. geantd//o00-999)+ 4%(t000) = 2x (3000) 7 B-3kHey FSK Democli'syoou : dent gain files Alicia a9 ve wy ign ike Ayer i FF toulante Sinus ssare Hernia ortalama farts - . Bi: Asiruyt >» Bart) = $ [Abinty t= & 7% Asinut +L brtl= L [pPsinuste a shar a r Qo Zz Eant ILKER KILI Pcm T2T 4T ‘| re Op: Fisk isaretincke O ve oA we A { génclerilelginde cw fest filbe aks: Bilge ol aap te sr abrileligincke 1, sink filte cress At afge fl 0 olup Pace ° " ° 4 POM K/2 Ale Ir wp ofset MD Z aT aT Bey veil | 7 2T AT Aly | ~24- Faz Kay lirmall Analybar lama: PSE (Phase Shife Keying) Pk isaretinck, dasiyicran poe o” ve a obejer kr icin Go ve alegerler ellaatere CGenelthle 4-8-18 secilnebteti- 0 tain A= Asin (v0 + Got) "" san Pls Asio (gt BA) Asin lactt+8o) fret , psk x BU) Z @—e Psk “oO es £ Asin(ontt6;) ou: ol at 47 PSK Demosbisyone : PSK [htbl BE be Sf jee Pem Va= A (wor hfe 0s (ot Oot) we 0 jain Wye A (wo) AE | DC yok exile yy-ALe e KAD "C" rain Vaz Alot LB) cos (oot 6c) Vee Aloco)+ Att DC sok ect Ve= Ae > YeAD -25- ALISTIRMALAR ® [~ Asagiclak’ frekons spektrumuna sahip x) denekkamek- rom x(¢) . Xs) Arima _ AS ae 200-9 al 1 % S$G-cls) a) Orekkeme Nyquist frekansinca ise Smeklenmis isareén JA frekans Spettrernuau giziaz, 4) Omekknmis isaret Bant genishe 2p clan weal bi- akok ren filbeckn rhliginae olusan spektumy cine’ Bay lew elke Sling met? 4) fringe 2 ke he xtA) Mi HeKer Kis] f(ka2 4) Babi bozuhmustur =2 Fo 1 2 2- \G)z Cos(iovont) isare&i fs frekons) ike dmeklerp , T=O/ m50 clarke fsarek ie tatekiyor os jaretlen Hilicin ger che clikbilnest kin fs dae olnalicli- sh - 2fy elnalt we 2Af 2 000% =p faq 500 tk. Nowakle fos Tess Talat Snekle tat larbeles Teor msn ae ent mininun dont gers tg Cine 5 formishn&o a joe do BaskM Bip iete fs =5hM2 secilmelichi om ALISTIQMHALAZ @ 9- x= cos (28 IL) + O-Scosl2%-3x10°€) band sich bifyi saved iGin a) dinek clejerker tullinilorok xtt) nin yeniaken eke ect: lebilnes! fein en Nésik Sraekleme tans bulup Foorie- Spektumucu Giziniz. xfs! n flkHe) 4 F feast} = X Slw-w0) +A S(ustwe) Ff sinwot fa K Slw-wo)—B Shot) Bibi iinckl en obek frekens Dileser’ skis obhgu in Fir =taypuist = 25 kHed = 6 ke olnotel= 5) xh) Bilgi tareti fb,-=2F kite frekons ile omekkenivor Daho sonra Bu omekler akesin 1 45kH2 ohn ey gesiren fltrecen ake Dilire crkisin Fourier orfamn — a goterp zaman ortamnce orto ecbiriz. My tage 1905 S56 E 4 [XOlper Elbe cikess y= feos(leoont)+ os(Zoeont) + 5 (Boson) +teos(yooor) ALISTIRMALAR, @ 4a HUt}= castent nces lund) Bilgh isared Hn a) Dix tepel Ermekleme yeotemi He PAM _yaprtacakhr Olistuwhbikcek en v200 chrbe suresial chesaphyiniz. 1 Xt) fue) a Bibi ioiele en ysksek fretons bikseni=2He- Fayquist= 22ten he éneklene iain good! min feelers. Tryguist= po = L028. (Binetleme Pe pedi} Bir émekeme sypchs igerising en conch: £ amet Jer pee ee Darke sivesi2T=0,25.5n olma lich aaa? B= b= sey te carbe thetins IGin geeks minimum bont Golgi 4) fér= & Ha seqi kihginek geek ohn minum cbrbe seresin hesap hyp » Poorier spektamenu ye xaman mirck. ¢.[a4]er aofpnk Gene ble tet dsaretins Sixiniz, eg ccillien tl ree 'y Bz fore HE obeagincho Zine se" FSI? ie x(o}=2 x(3{)<0 Fe cineca ge x(Ke)=0— x(Ue=-1 | x(a (5/620 TLL xQ)=2 Sek tut ieret ei Ace ap (Oe bas : . bal ILKER KING, 5) eee -30 -24 -18 12 2 18 2% Jo sea eoowes CTU x # = Fle) Ate he Fourier Spektrum | i¢ AUISTIRMALAR 5~ Hecbin 4 kHe lik band genishigine sahip hi sored Pam kuleabrak Zaman Bélmel Coq Hames molilesyonu ike He biteceleti Merbir isared 10 ke ofrekensih har be lem aks! harubacak ébrnekleni yore Zamancla cogullanmis singal olsak Geren filtreclen geaia yor a) Bu sistemin minimum seat frekanss neal? Irgguist = 2x Gilles 8 kita "Wik bmeklene frebansiel~ Fokot 2 deral omekiereceGinces fsa = 8 kta x2: 6 kHe elnalilr teorik olarak, Soruah ise fdr= lO KH? oblzontn fooat = 2xlokbe=20 ke olmali l= ) fretanst le? AGF ficwen «wig ] f (kha fxesin= 5 ki2 olrahhe Tae pn 2 loin. PAM Z8Gc Ta=25* Zipene 1” fkesinas kHE ) Alte olarak asagicbki sistem ot llnikelgirta AGE nin minimum ve maksiman bant gerislikler! ne ols 4 (+) %\__fasFl— Xp) ZBE me 2 Be Orne! ea Yolancbk Fourier zpebtumunctr ob girileagy Hxere min (fkesim)= 4 kHe max (fkesim) = 6 ka elursa dik (sereter’ Hozufrachn tekrar che tkbitir oe @ 6- Asajicla venlen xt b ity isaretne fa= tHe frekarsn~ al charbeler eek oz tepel! one ee yf testere hsi siayel Lulbrilaraok DSM gerekbstribyer a) DSM isaretnt she talbnrcrek olusturunez. 4) 0YM kein lok yag vam ‘olostanp oaks as ia oe howe POM +5 Peeler DYN enckin Darbe ALIST IRMALAR © #. Bie analeg rsaret a KMyguist Srekansince dmeklen. mekte ve n Seviyeste Kuantolarmaktacl~ @) Kecllanms isarette Bir bir sérenin ES T/legp olely- gens gestern 3) Aang) ehrumeda esithh gese-tet- a &) Omekleme dteoremine ere zat olmatohic Bune gore tir émekleme Petyedursh en ax 2 Bie Singp ahjatedr a Zovives =a x bit fagn = tg3" > xe bgp Bt Ts éinekleme pertychs icince heyn bit Sify otnobch~ Eat Ad) [bt iain Parcaran Sure on 20 £ Thep2 elmahelim Ts Th The 2egp. At als w2hgn.At , nZ2 isin Th als 4 avs Ze Ads 2 , 022 ) hyn ¥ 4 29,7 , Fe) nef seqitise Nyquist _25 ¢& > Ate ar ga of frekensince omekfeni- ehh Sesecl! eluc = 2 §- Bibi daret x(f)23 cos 5004 +/Oces FOOt+ cos looot vkrok veriliyor Bs rsaret 10 bttk Binary PCM ite ve Nyquist fe jae Karsincle omekkeniyes: kuan te lanyor- bared gucs tls rons ai ) AB ansinsen utenuz. Kiantalama 2Anex ieee cxrorhgi =az 3a? ALISTIRMALAK 5% _9,05273 = cAmax 2x22 5G = = [xf=3 3s 1k Wmax= 1900 rah => “tye = 2000 racer [x2jelo To, & B % 2 Lrtpolt> Sas elt + Sig _ Athy Ale AG Ze WN (a%/iz) - arfiz 5, (B(OH) 525 ccgose. ge « S<58l018/ P22 2 k58 05695 5, be = Lyf SH 23 m0? a 13 Ee) tee 9- Br zaman 4élnel coklme © TOM ) sisheminin gpirvince 24 kanol varcke Herbie Kenal 33 kHe Bank suairh obp 642 *h dmekkamebbedi~ Cokbran tsarete- PAM-TDM seklincke rehlnekhecb> a) Gerekli en alist htm tant genishpy ne kacbrol-? 4) Bam isaretleri dnee 28 seriyel” Levante bnmakleckre Bun. alan sone Binecy Pam ile Pocllanmakdach= Metin ito gerekli ant Goer ne tech? a) % 23kia if eae Bibinin frekens Spee barn Srretere re [ican wig] ECs) Ciné xe = fh aT aie elmalela ALISTIOMALAR —— olmet obr- Veya Znin oot olmal Bant Genishii= BP a in tor =7 By 96000 He olmahahe (arr) bit 2) nN seviye = 2 x Bad ap x= hog 38 = 4,8 bit Orneklerin terbind 5bit jhe Ufacke: exthnelilir (x= bi4) 115 periyooks icine “ee Farol x 2 5 bith ebrbe isaretlers —olog v= Tae Byxsrt =p Ate 104l6xt5 So. (Ese Dorbe gerishyi/Bont genshgy itsks! : Bz ab Bo ae Be $6ekle fexer Kug] lo) Asagiclea Fasiyicr frekons: pas kte clan ASK mosbblagyon bare€, veritnistr. Bi- abmoclibasyen eves; enejp orkiste olusan Binary Pciq isarehini Hulunez. ASK) £ aT 3 ag fet Hie} Pom foc: (0017 ALISTIRMALAR @ iW) Asagicla verilen PCM isaretne PSK moaihsyonu sekilek anahtarfama #1 eyge bana khechr- Binary O"ve ""° arosincteky fz parks +Op-Q) 2 82 secilirse PSK /sa- retai qiziniz, Acos(wotrbo) PCM @—~ XK Psk ¢ @-= T 2T 47 Acss(wot+ 8,) € iLKER KILIG He [eae ec ee 12) Asa§r ak XG) teslere Aisi “sarete 4 sevjyeh lizgin tuantalama yapiliyor x) ql 1 2 3 genie ! : a) Koantalama araliklanan ve ackm uzvnkgunyp Bulorer ln Unang cxe Lies SanbecHin Gohl Heol. 7 2? 224 sense _ Veri_Arolig! Ber. Rmbol Kool [e, 4) 05 Mo 00 [i 1,2) Lg m, ol £23) 2 ™ Jo [34) 3D ee ile Abily IRMALESE 6) & hue aegerini Dulurvz. xG)= 4-4E Poem tle ifirke ethebile | S= Peared = H fitch 1 fe “bythe Wfirctet nt Sa (4-2£+ $/-1 ‘ning )ok watt y N= Pevacrbabinas 2 = 1? of wat 72/2 19 3= Ss 3 oh by =( bla? loleg, Fy