Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 1

Last Sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)

1) All the praise belongs to Allah, to Him we give all praise and from Him we ask
forgiveness, To Him we offer repentance we ask for Allah’s protection against the ill of
our spirit (may Allah protect us from bad desires). No one can mislead him who is
guided by Allah and no one can show the straight path whom He puts into errors. I
witness that there is no God but Allah and He is one and I witness that Muhammad
(SAW) is His Slave and Messenger.
2) O! Slaves of Allah listen to what I say for I know not the other I will not meet you
again in this place next year.
3) O! People listen to what I say for I know not whether I will meet you again in this place
next year.
4) O! people your blood, your property and your Honor are sacred till you meet your Lord,
as this day, this city and this month are sacred to you, Have I conveyed to you Allah’s
message, O! Allah be my witnessed.
5) He who has something entrusted to you let him return it to the person who entrusted it
to him or return it to the right owner.
6) All usury of the time of ignorance is abolished but you have a right to your capital. You
will not do wrong to any one and you will not be subjected to any wrong. Allah has
ordered usury is to be abolished, so the first usury I cancel is that which is due to my
uncle Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, so he refuse his usury.
7) All the claims avenge of bloodshed in the period of ignorance are abolished. The claim
of vengeance is abolished relates to the murder of my Nephew, the son of Rabia bin
Haris bin Abdul Muttalib.
8) Beware the customs of the period of ignorance are abolished except those of the
guardianship of kabba and the supply of water to pilgrims.
9) Qatl-e-amad willful murder invites Qisas and un-intentional killing in which the death
is caused by an injury inflicted with a big stick or stone. The compensation for it is 100
camels. He who demands more than this belongs to the period of ignorance. Have I
conveyed to you the message of Allah? O! Allah is my witness.
10) O! People Satan is hopeless of ever being worshiped in your land and he will be
pleased if he receives Obedience in the matters which you may consider of little
importance so beware of him in your religion.
11) O! People the number of months which Allah written in Allah’s book are twelve of
which four are sacred (zilhaj, zilqad, Muharam and Rajab) three of them are
consecutive and fourth the Rajab is separate and falls between jamadi ul akhir and
Shaban.
12) O! people your wives have rights upon you and you have rights over them. Your right
is that they do not without your permission allowed to any one home you do not like to

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 2

 enter your houses and they do not indulge in off seen behavior. It is your obligation to
provide them food, clothes with kindness. You are bound to treat them kindly. So fear
Allah in respect of women. You are bound to treat them kindly.
13) All the Muslims are brothers. It is not lawful for anyone to take his brothers property
except that which he gives willingly, so don’t wrong your selves.
14) Do not fall into killing of one another after I am gone. I am leaving with you that which
will protect you from going astray as long as you hold fast to it and that is the Book of
Allah and Traditions of prophet.
15) O! People your Lord is one and your father too is one and all of you are the descendants
of Adam and Adam was created from dust. The most honorable in sight of Allah is one
who is the most righteous among you. No Arab is superior to any non-Arab except is
the righteousness. Have I conveyed to you the message of Allah? The audience said yes
O! Messenger of Allah. The Prophet said “those who are here should convey what I
say to those who are not here.”

Preamble
 Whereas, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all
members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the
world,
 Whereas, the contempt of human rights have resulted in barbarous acts of mankind and
enjoyment of freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear has been proclaimed a
highest aspiration of common people.
 Whereas, it is essential if a man not to be compelled to have recourse to lion against
tyranny and oppression that human rights should be protected by rule of law.
 Whereas, it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations
here as the people of United Nations have in this charter re-affirmed their faith in the
dignity and work of the human person and have determined to promote social progress in
larger freedom.
 Whereas, Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights
and fundamental freedoms.
 Whereas, a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest
importance for the full realization of this pledge,
 Therefore, the General Assembly proclaims this universal declaration of human rights as
a common standard of achievement for all the nations. That every individual and every
organ of the society shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect of these
rights and freedoms by progressive measures national and international both among the

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 3

 people of the states themselves and among the people of territories under their
jurisdiction.

Articles
1) Article 1
Human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and they should act toward
one another in spirit of brotherhood.
2) Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration. Without
action of any kind such as race, color, language, religion, political and other opinions,
national or social origins, property, birth or other status. No distinction shall be made
on the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it is under any limitation
of sovereignty.
3) Article 3
Everyone has right to life, liberty and security of a person.
4) Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery. Slavery and slave trade shall be prohibited.
5) Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.
6) Article 6
Everyone has a right to recognition everywhere as the person before the law.
7) Article 7
All are equal before law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection
of law. All are entitled to equal protection.
8) Article 8
Everyone has the right to have an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental right guaranteed him by the constitution or by the
law.
9) Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
10) Article 10
Everyone is entitled to fair and public hearing by independent and impartial tribunals in
the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
11) Article 11
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until
proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the
guarantees necessary for his defense.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission
which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the
time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one
that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 4

 12) Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy family or home. Nor
to attack upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of law
against such interference.
13) Article 13
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of
each State.
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his
country.
14) Article 14
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from
non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the
United Nations.
15) Article 15
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change
his nationality.
16) Article 16
Men and women of major age without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion
have the right to marry. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage during marriage
and at its dissolution (Divorce).
17) Article 17
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
18) Article 18
Everyone has the right of freedom of thought and religion. This includes freedom to
change his religion and belief and freedom to manifest his religion in public or in
private, in teaching, practice worship and observance.
19) Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes to hold
opinion without interference and to seek information and ideas through any media and
regardless of boundaries.

20) Article 20
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
21) Article 21
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 5

 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall
be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and
equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting
procedures.
22) Article 22
Every one as a member of society has the right to social security and is entitled to
realization and every state in accordance with his resources shall provide economic,
social and cultural rights to a person for his dignity and development of his personality.
23) Article 23
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable
conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
24) Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest including reasonable limitation of working hours and
periodic holidays with pay.
25) Article 25
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being
of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, and housing and medical care
and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood
in circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children,
whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
26) Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to
the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall
promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their
children.

27) Article 27
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to
enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting
from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 6

 28) Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms
set forth in the declaration can be fully realized.
29) Article 29
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development
of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedom, everyone is subjected to limitation for the
rights and freedoms of others.
30) Article 30
Nothing in this declaration may be interpreted for the destruction of any of the rights
and freedom set forth in this declaration.

Introduction
The constitution of Pakistan provides freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as taught in
Islam. The fundamental rights including equality of status, of opportunity before the law, social,
economic and political justice and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship,
association shall be fully guaranteed. State is duty bound to protect and safeguard all these
fundamental rights.

 Article 9: Security of person

No person shall be deprived of life or liberty in accordance with law.

 Article 10: Safeguard as to arrest and detention

1. No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed as soon
as may be of the grounds for such arrest nor shall be denied the right to consent and be
defended by a legal practitioner.
2. Every person who is arrested and detained in the custody shall be produced before a
magistrate within a period of 24 hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for
journey from the place of arrest to the nearest court.
3. No law providing preventive detention shall be made except to deal with persons acting
in against the integrity of, security or defense of Pakistan. Or public order and no such
law shall authorize the detention of a person for a period exceeding three months unless
the review board has after affording him an opportunity of bearing heard, revised his
case and reported before the expiration of the said period.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 7

 Explanation 1: Review Board meanings:
(a) In case of a person detained under a federal law, a board appointed by the chief
justice of Pakistan and consisting of a chairman and two other persons, each of
whom is or has been a judge of the supreme court or a High Court; and
(b) In case of a person detained under a provincial law the board shall be appointed
by chief justice of high court consisting of the judges of high court.
4. The person who is detained shall be informed the grounds of all his detention within 15
days. The Review Board may refuse to disclose the facts which board considers against
the public interest to disclose.
5. Within a period of 24months starting on the day of his first detention no person shall be
detained for more than a total period of Eight months.
6. In case of a person detained for acting against public order and 12 months in any other
case.
7. Appropriate Review board determines the place of detention and it also fixes allowance
for his journey.
 Article 11: Slaver and Forced Labor are prohibited
1. Slavery is forbidden. All forms of forced labor and human trafficking are prohibited.
2. No child below the age of 14 years shall be engaged in any factory, mines and other
dangerous employment.

 Article 12: Protection against Retrospective Punishment

a) No person shall be punished for an act or omission that was not punishable by the
law at the time of that act or omission.
b) No shall be punished for an offense by a punishment greater than or different
from the punishment prescribed by the law for that offense at the time the offense
was committed.

 Article 13: Protection against double Punishment and self incrimination

a) No person shall be punished or prosecuted for the same offense more than once.
b) No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

 Article 14: Dignity of Man

1. The dignity of man and privacy of whom shall be protected.
2. No person shall be subjected to torture for the purpose of extracting evidence.

 Article 15: Freedom of Movement

Every citizen shall have the right to remain and subject to any reasonable restriction, enter
and move freely throughout Pakistan reside and settle in any part thereof.

 Article 16: Freedom of Assembly

Every citizen shall have the right to assemble peacefully and with arms subject to any
reasonable restriction imposed by the law in the interest of public order.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 8

 Article 17: Freedom of Association
1. Every citizen shall have the right to make associations or unions subject to any
reasonable restrictions in the interest of sovereignty of Pakistan, public order or morality.
2. Every citizen not being in service of Pakistan shall have the right to form or be a member
of a political party subject to reasonable restrictions and that any political party is against
the sovereignty of Pakistan the Federal Government shall within 15 days of such
declaration refer the matter to supreme court whose decision on such reference shall be
find.
3. Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with law.

 Article 18: Freedom of Trade, Business or Profession

Every citizen shall have the right subject to the qualification, to enter upon any lawful
profession and to conduct lawful trade or business.

 Article 19: Freedom of Speech

Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression and there shall be
freedom of press subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by law in the interest of glory
of Islam, security of Pakistan, public order, morality or contempt of court or incitement to an
offense.

Article 19- A: Right to Information:

Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information in all matters of public
importance subject to reasonable restriction imposed by law.

 Article 20: Freedom to profess religion and manage religious institution

Subject to law, public order and morality…

a) Every citizen shall have the right to profess and practice his religion.
b) Every religious sect shall have the right to establish its religious institutions.

 Article 21: Safeguard against taxation for the purposes of any particular religion
No person shall be compelled to pay any special tax for the maintenance of any religion other
than his own.

 Article 22: Safeguards as to educational institution in respect of religion

1. No person attending any educational institution shall be required to receive religious
instructions of such instruction relates to a religion other than his own.
2. In respect of any religious institution there shall be no discrimination against any
community in granting a relaxation in taxation.
3. Subject to law---
a) No religious community shall be prevented from giving religious education for
the students of that community.
b) No citizen shall be denied admission to any educational institutions receiving aid
from the government on the grounds of any race, religion, caste or place of birth.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 9

 4. Nothing in this article shall prevent any public authority from making provisions for the
betterment of any educationally backward class of citizens.

 Article 23: Provision as to property

Every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property in any part of
Pakistan. Subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by law in the public interest

 Article 24: Protection of property rights

1. No person shall be deprived of his property except in accordance with law.
2. No property shall be taken except by the authority of law which provides for
compensation.

 Article 25: Equality of Citizen

1. All citizens equal before law and are entitled to equal protection.
2. There shall be no discrimination on the basis of gender.
3. Nothing in this article shall prevent from making special provisions for protection of
women and children.
Article 25A: Right to education: the state shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be
determined by law.)

 Article 26: No discrimination in respect of access to public places

1. In respect of access to public places which means places of public entertainment or
resort, not intended for religious purposes only, there shall be no discrimination against
any citizen on the ground of race, religion, caste, gender or place of birth.
2. Nothing in this clause shall prevent the state from making any special provision for
woman and children.

 Article 27: Safeguard against discrimination against services

1. No citizen, otherwise qualified for appointment in the service of Pakistan shall be
discriminated against in respect of any such appointment on the ground of race, religion,
gender or place of birth.
2. Provided that in the interest of the said service specified posts or services, may be
reserved for members of either gender, if such posts or services required the performance
of duties which can’t be performed by the other gender.

 Article 28: A preservation of Language and culture

Any section of citizens having a distinct language or culture shall have the right to
preserve and promote the same and subject to law, establish institutions for that purpose.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 10

 Article 31: Islamic way of life
1. Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan to order their lives in accordance
with the basic concepts of Islam and to provide facilities whereby they may be enabled
to understand the meaning of life according to Holy Quran and Sunnah.
2. The state shall,…
a) Make the teachings of Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory to encourage the
learning of Arabic language and secure the correct and exact press printing and
publishing of Holy Quran.
b) Promote unity and observance of Islamic standards.
c) Secure the proper organization of Zakat.

 Article 32: Promotion of Local Government Institutions

The state shall encourage Local Government institutions composed of elected representatives
of the area and in such institution special representation shall be given to peasants, workers
and women.

 Article 33: The prejudice to be discouraged

The state shall discourage all tribal, sectarian and provincial prejudices among the citizens.

 Article 34: Full participation of Women in National life

Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in national life.

 Article 35: Protection of Family

The state shall protect the marriage, the family, the mother and child.

 Article 36: Protection of Minorities

The State shall safeguard the rights and interests of minorities including their due
representation in the federal and provincial services.

 Article 37: Promotion of social justice and eradication social evils

The state shall

a) Promote with special care, the educational and economic interests of backward areas.
b) Remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory primary education.
c) Make technical and professional education available to all on the basis of merit.
d) Ensure inexpensive and speedy justice.
e) Make provisions for securing humane conditions of work ensuring that children and
women are not employed in services unsuited to their age or gender.
f) Enable the people of different areas to education and training to principle fully in all
forms of national activities including employment the service of Pakistan.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 11

 g) Prevent gambling and taking of dangerous drugs, printing, publication and display of
immoral literature and advertisement.
h) Prevent the consumption the alcoholic liquor other than for non-Muslims.
i) To make such provisions for Government administration so as, to facilitate speedy
disposal of its business.

 Article 38: Promotion of social and economic well being of the people
The state shall;

a) Secure the well-being of the people irrespective of gender, caste or their standard of
living by preventing the concentration of wealth and means of production and distribution
in the hands of a few to the deprivation of general interest and by ensuring adjustment of
rights between employer and employees.
b) Provide for all citizens within available resources of the country facilities of work with
reasonable rest.
c) Provide for all the persons employed in the service of Pakistan, social security or other
means.
d) Provide basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, housing, education and medical
relief without any discrimination to all such citizens who are unable to earn their
livelihood on account of infirmities, sickness or unemployment.
e) Reduce disparity in income and earning of the individuals.
f) Eliminate Riba.
g) Ensure that share of the provinces in all the federal services shall be secured.

 Article 39: Participation of people in armed forces

The state shall enable people from all parts of Pakistan to participate in armed forces of
Pakistan.

 Article 40: Strengthening bonds with Muslim world and promoting

international peace
The state shall preserve and strengthen relationship among Muslim countries based on
Islamic unity, promote international peace and security, promote friendly relations among the
all nations and encourage the settlement of international disputes.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 12

European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman
or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1987
Preamble
The member states of the council of Europe signatory here to;

 Having regards to the provisions of the convention for protection of human rights and
fundamental freedoms.
 Recalling that, under article 3 of the same convention no one subjected to torture,
inhuman or degraded treatment or punishment.
 Have agreed as follows;

CHAPTER 1

 Article 1
There shall be established European committee for the prevention of torture or inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment, the committee shall by means of visit, examine the
treatment of persons deprived of their liberty will provide protection to such person from
torture or inhuman punishment.

 Article 2
Each party shall permit visits to any place where persons are deprived of their liberty.

 Article 3
In the application of this convention the committee and the competent national authorities of
the party shall co-operate each other.

CHAPTER 2

 Article 4
1. The committee shall consist of a number of members equal to that of the parties.
2. The members of the committee shall be chosen from among the person of high moral
characters or having professional experience of the areas covered by this convention.
3. No two members of the committee may be the nationals of the same state.
4. The members shall serve in their individual capacity shall be independent and impartial
and shall serve the committee effectively.

 Article 5
1. The members of the committee shall be elected by “COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS OF
THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE” by an absolute majority of the votes; from a list of names
each national delegation of the parties shall put forward three candidates of whom two
shall be its nationals of that country.
2. The members of committee shall be elected for the period of 4 years they may be re-
elected for once.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 13

 Article 6
1. The committee in camera. A quorum shall be equal to the majority of its members. The
decisions of the committee shall be taken by majority of the members present.
2. The committee shall make its own rule of procedure.
3. The Secretariat of the committee shall be provided by the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe.
CHAPTER 3

 Article 7
1. The committee shall organize the visits as appear to it to be required in the circumstances.
2. As a general rule the visits shall be carried by at least two member of the committee the
committee if it considers necessary be assisted by the experts and interpreters.

 Article 8
1. The committee shall notify Government that party of its intention to visit. After such
notification it may at any time visit any place.
2. A party shall provide the committee with the following facilities to carry out its work;
a) Excess to its territory and right to travel without restrictions.
b) Full information’s about jails.
c) Unlimited excess to jails including the right to move inside such jails without any
restriction.
d) Other information available to the party which is necessary for the committee to
carry out its work. In seeking such information the committee shall regard the
rules of national law and professional ethics. The committee may interview the
prisoners. The committee may communicate freely with prisoners. If necessary
the committee may communicate observations to the competent authority.

3. The Committee may interview in private persons deprived of their liberty.

4. The Committee may communicate freely with any person whom it believes can supply
relevant information.
5. If necessary, the Committee may immediately communicate observations to the
competent authorities of the Party concerned.
 Article 9
1. In exceptional circumstances the competent authorities of the party concerned may make
representations to the committee against a visit at the time or to the particular place
proposed by the committee.
Such representation may only be made on the grounds of national defense, public safety
and serious disorder in jail. The medical condition of a person or that an urgent
interrogation relating to a serious crime in process.
2. Following such representation the committee and the party shall immediately enter into a
conclusion in order to clarify the situation. Such a decision may include the transfer of
ant person to any place. Until the visit takes place the party shall provide information to
the committee about any person concerned.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 14

 Article 10
1. After each visit the committee shall make a report about its observation and such a report
shall be submitted to the party. The committee may suggest the improvement in the
protection of the prisoners.
2. If the party fails to improve the situation in the light of committee’s recommendation.
The committee may decide by a majority of 2/3rd of its members to make a public
statement on the matter.

 Article 11
1. The information gathered by the committee shall be confidential.
2. The committee shall publish its report whenever the requested by the party concerned.
3. However no personal data shall be published without the consent of the person
concerned.

 Article 12
Subject to the rules in the article 11 the committee shall every year submit to the committee
of ministers a general report of its activities.

 Article 13
The members of the committee and the experts working with the committee are required
during and after the terms of their office to maintain the confidentiality of the facts of which
they became aware during their job.

 Article 14
1. The names of the persons assisting the committee shall be specified in the notification
under article 8 Para 1.
2. Experts shall work under the authority of the committee.
3. A party may declare that an expert person assisting the committee may not be allowed to
take part a visit in a particular place.
CHAPTER 4
 Article 15
Each party shall inform the committee of the name and address of the authority who will
receive such notifications.

 Article 16
The committee and the experts referred in article 7 para 2 shall enjoy the privileges given in
the convention.

 Article 17
1. This convention shall not prejudice the provision of domestic law or any international
agreement which provides greater protection to the prisoners.
2. Nothing in this convention shall be constituted to limit the competence of European
convention on human rights.
3. The committee shall not visit places protected by international committee of Red-Cross.

Prepared by: Fareed Khan Tareen Page 15