An example of phonology is the study of the movements the body goes through in order to create

sounds - such as the pronunciation of the letter "t" in "bet," where the vocal cords stop vibrating
causing the "t" sound to be a result of the placement of the tongue behind the teeth and the flow
of air.

The purpose of phonology is to understand how the human brain organizes speech sounds.
Phonology also determines the significance of each speech sound within a language or across
languages.

Phonology is concerned with the function of sounds.

Phonetics
the study of how humans make and perceive sounds.
It deals with the configurations of the vocal tract used to produce speech sounds (articulatory
phonetics)
the acoustic properties of speech sounds (acoustic phonetics)
and the manner of combining sounds to make syllables, words, and sentences (linguistic
phonetics).

Phoneme
This means it is the mental image we store in our brains of the specific word and is associated
with the sound of the word.
Allophone
An American English speaker will pronounce water with a “d” instead of like other English speakers with
a “t” in the center of the word. These different ways in which a word can be pronounced are then called
an Allophone.