ANALYZING AND REASONING STRATEGIES

Supporting lecturer : Muthmainah, M, Kep.

COMPILED BY:

1. M. Yusril Buya Pratama

(223107000?)
2. Muhamad Anggi Rasyid
(2231070004)
3. Arsyad Sidiq Madani
(2231070001)
4. Anisa Deska Akmalia
(223107000?)

SUFISM AND PCYCHOTHERAPY STUDY PROGRAM

USHULUDIN FACULTY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG
 FOREWORD
By giving thanks to God Almighty, for His mercy and grace we were able to complete
the preparation of this paper on time. This paper is entitled “Analyzing and reasoning strategies”.

In making this paper, we try to describe and explain the codification of hadith and
mushthalahat fi al-hadith. On this occasion, with all humility, we would like to thank Mrs.
Muthmainah, M.Kep as an English lecturer. Who has given the time and opportunity to complete
this paper.

Finally, we realize that the paper we have compiled still contains errors, therefore we
welcome suggestions and constructive criticism so that in the future the making of the paper will
be better.

Bandar Lampung, October 3, 2022

Compiler

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................i
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I Introduction................................................................................................ii

1.1Background.....................................................................................................................1

1.2Purpose...........................................................................................................................1

1.3 Benefits..........................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER II Discussion..................................................................................................2

2.1 Analyzing ....................................................................................................................2

2.2 Analysis type................................................................................................................2

2.3 Destination....................................................................................................................3
2.4 Method analyzing.........................................................................................................3
2.5 Reasoning ....................................................................................................................5
2.6 Method( reasoning) ......................................................................................................5

CHAPTER III CLOSING.................................................................................................7

3.1Conclusion......................................................................................................................7

3.2 Advice............................................................................................................................7

Bibliography.......................................................................................................................7

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 CHAPTER I

Introduction

1.1 Background

 Analysis is observing the activity of the object by describing the composition of the
object and rearranging its components to be studied or studied in detail.[1] The word
analysis comes from the Ancient Greek (analysis, "to solve" or "to disentangle" from
ana- "to rise, thoroughly" and lysis "to loosen").

 In general, reasoning is divided into two main categories, namely inductive reasoning
(induction), deductive reasoning (deduction), abductive reasoning (abduction)[18]
with the aim of avoiding reasoning errors. The reasoning error in question is the
inability of an individual to interpret the concepts of understanding, statements and
conclusions with solutions that he can find in a problem.

1.2 Purpose

 What is meant by analysis?

 What are the types of analysis?
 What is the purpose of analysis?
 What is meant by reasoning?
 Mention methods or strategies in reasoning?

1.3 Benefits

 We can understand the meaning of analysis, starting from its meaning, type to the
purpose of the analysis
 Understand the meaning of reasoning to strategy or how to do it

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 CHAPTER II

Discussion

2.1 Analyzing

Analysis is observing the activity of the object by describing the composition of the
object and rearranging its components to be studied or studied in detail.[1] The word analysis
comes from the Ancient Greek (analysis, "to solve" or "to disentangle" from ana- "to rise,
thoroughly" and lysis "to loosen").

In the field of mathematics, logic, analysis is the process of solving a complex problem
into small parts so that it can be more easily understood. In the field of chemistry, analysis is the
decomposition of a substance into simpler substances that become its constituent elements.

In linguistics, analysis is a study carried out on a language in order to examine the

structure of the language in depth. While in laboratory activities, the word analysis can also
mean activities carried out in the laboratory to check the content of a substance in the sample

The standard form of this term is analysis, which is an absorption from the English
language analysis. The suffix -ysis when absorbed into Indonesian becomes -isis. This form of
analysis arises because of the influence of the Dutch language.

2.2 Analysis type

In general, analysis is divided into 2 types, namely logical analysis and realist analysis.

1. Logical analysis
is an analysis related to design by carrying out the breakdown of something into several
parts that can cover the whole on the basis of certain principles. This analysis is further
divided into two parts, namely: 1) Universal analysis is a logical analysis from general
provisions to specific provisions as part of its constituents, 2) Dichotomy analysis or
analysis of two separate groups in the form of positive provisions and negative provisions
which are interpreted as analysis based on the law of logic (the principle of tertii
exclusion) with the principle of elimination of the middle ground.

2. Realist Analysis
Realist analysis is an analysis related to the design with a sequence of objects based on
the nature of the embodiment of the object. This analysis is further divided into two parts,
namely: 1) Essential analysis is an analysis based on the basic constituent elements. 2)
Accidental analysis is an analysis based on the properties in its embodiment.

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2.3 Destination

Analysis as the most important part in the process of reviewing data requires accuracy so
that the objectives of the analysis can be achieved. The purpose of the analysis can be divided
into four, namely:

1) Identify a number of data acquisition from a certain population. The goal is for a
conclusion to establish policies and make decisions to solve problems,
2) Set specific goals specifically. The goal is to collect data to show a more specific and
easier-to-understand understanding.
3) Connecting a number of acquisition data from a particular environment. The goal is
to draw conclusions and get a more detailed understanding of the amount of data
obtained from various sources, so further analysis is needed,
4) Choose alternative steps. The goal is to solve problems based on conditions and
needs.

2.4 Method

Methods in analyzing data before drawing conclusions can be divided into two, namely:

1) Qualitative data analysis is an analytical method that tends to be interpreted as high

degree which is used on quantitative data through interviews and observations by
answering questions such as what, why or how. .

2) Quantitative data analysis is an analytical method that tends to be interpreted with a

number of numeric symbols or numbers.1

1
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis

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2.5 Reasoning

is a series of activities (activities) with the capacity to consciously apply logic to reach a
conclusion (new opinion) from one or more decisions/opinions that have been known (premises)
so that they can make decisions. It can also be interpreted as reason which is the capacity to
consciously apply logic by drawing conclusions in the methodology from new or pre-existing
information using various patterns aimed at seeking the truth. Reasoning is also a thought
process that departs from positive empirical science (or with empirical observations) by
producing a number of concepts and elaborations. So, based on these observations, the same
propositions or a number of propositions are found and considered true, so people conclude a
new proposition that was not known before. This observation process is called reasoning.
Reasoning is done using the syllogism device. In reasoning, the proposition that is used as the
basis for the conclusion is called the premise and the conclusion is called the conclusion. The
relationship between the premise and the conclusion is called the consequence.. According to the
Ministry of National Education, reasoning is a way of using reason; logical thinking or way of
thinking, mental processes in developing thoughts from some facts or principles. Meanwhile,
Scientific argues that reasoning is a specific way of thinking to draw conclusions from several
existing premises. So not all thinking is reasonable. Thinking activities that are not reasoning,
such as remembering something and daydreaming. From some of these statements, it can be
interpreted that reasoning is a thinking process using a logical basis to draw conclusions based
on facts (premises) that have been considered true.

2.6 Method( reasoning)

In general, reasoning is divided into two main categories, namely inductive reasoning
(induction), deductive reasoning (deduction), abductive reasoning (abduction)[18] with the aim
of avoiding reasoning errors. The reasoning error in question is the inability of an individual to
interpret the concepts of understanding, statements and conclusions with solutions that he can
find in a problem.

1. Inductive reasoning method

The method of inductive reasoning (induction), is defined as a method that starts from
things that are generally accepted to draw specific conclusions. Inductive reasoning can also be
interpreted as a process of reasoning from a set of facts of certain events/statements to reach
conclusions that can explain the facts. The method used in thinking by starting to explain
problems (containing evidence and examples of facts) is specific in determining general

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conclusions. The principle of this reasoning method is to collect synthesized observations to
produce general principles. In this case, inductive reasoning is categorized into two types,
namely perfect inductive and imperfect inductive reasoning. Induction according to Aristotle, he
stated that the process of induction is "an increase from things that are individual to things that
are universal".

2. Perfect inductive

Perfectly inductive can be stated that the researcher (observer) conducts an investigation of
an object or individual or thing in its class without any of them being completely wrong. From
the results of the investigation, the researcher then draws conclusions that are general in nature.
For example, the researcher will test whether the oranges in one basket are all sweet or not. In
perfect inductive, what is meant is that the researcher tries all the apples in the basket without
exception. This is called perfect induction because conclusions are drawn from the examination
of all particulars with no exceptions. Obstacles will surface when what is being investigated
turns out to be very large and or covers a very wide area

another example:

At this time teenagers prefer dances from the west such as breakdancing, Shuffle, salsa
(and Kripton), modern dance and so on. Likewise with the type of music they generally like
rock, blues, jazz, as well as dance chorus and traditional arts are starting to be abandoned and
switch to follow western trends. Acceptance of incoming external dangers is not accompanied by
the preservation of one's own culture. Outside arts and culture are slowly shifting traditional arts
and culture.

3. Deductive reasoning method

The method of deductive reasoning (deduction), is defined as a method that studies a

specific phenomenon to obtain general conclusions. Deductive reasoning can also be interpreted
as a reasoning process from one or more general statements about what is known to reach certain
logical conclusions. This method is used in thinking that applies things that are general in nature
first and then connected in their special parts. Deductive arguments transition from a set of
existing premises , which are considered true to a set of conclusions, which must be true if the
premises are true. For example, "All students are human", "Nina is a student", "So, Nina is
human".

Another example:

The general public in Indonesia is caused by a change in the meaning of success

(specifically) and imitation activities (specifically) of entertainment media that display a general
lifestyle as a social achievement and also a marker of social status.

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 4. Abductive method

Abductive reasoning (abduction) is a form of reasoning that is incompatible with

deductive or inductive reasoning, because it begins with an incomplete series of observations and
progresses to the most likely explanation for the group of observations. Abductive reasoning also
called retroduction is a form of logical inference formulated and developed by the American
philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce beginning in the last third of the 19th century. Abductive
reasoning is defined as a conclusion for explanation. Abductive differs from induction in that the
observations from experiments can and or will occur anywhere. This reasoning begins with an
observation or series of observations and then looks for the simplest and most likely conclusions
from the observations. The process of abductive reasoning is unlike deductive reasoning which
produces reasonable conclusions but does not positively verify them. An abductive conclusion
does not have to have a provision in which the statement contains uncertainty or doubt such as
"best available" or "most likely". For example, in the heart attack and weightlifting examples, H2
simply says that H1 is wrong. So, H2 is most likely to say something like this.2

2
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalaran

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1Conclusion

Analysis is observing the activity of the object by describing the composition of the
object and rearranging its components to be studied or studied in detail.[1] The word analysis
comes from the Ancient Greek (analysis, "to solve" or "to disentangle" from ana- "to rise,
thoroughly" and lysis "to loosen").

Reasonin is a series of activities (activities) with the capacity to consciously apply logic to reach
a conclusion (new opinion) from one or more decisions/opinions that have been known
(premises) so that they can make decisions.

3.2 Advice

We realize that this paper still has many shortcomings Therefore, we suggest to our
fellow students to look for other information in addition to what we have described above.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalaran