Exp a nde d P ro g ra m

on Im m u niz ati on
(EPI)
(Department of Health, 2019)

Presented by: Abella & Andrade

BSN 2-C
 The Expanded Program on
Immunization (EPI) was established in
1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have
access to routinely recommended
infant/childhood vaccines. Six

I. Rationale vaccine-preventable diseases were

initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria,
tetanus, pertussis and measles. In
1986, 21.3% “fully immunized” children
less than fourteen months of age
based on the EPI Comprehensive
Program review.

II. Scenario
Glob a l S i t u a t i o n
The Burden
In 2002, WHO estimated
that 1.4 million of deaths
among children under 5 years
due to diseases that could
have been prevented by
routine vaccination. This
represents 14% of global total
mortality in children under 5
years of age.
 Problem 1
Give a striking overview of the
problem and explain it briefly.

Problem Problem 2
Elaborate on how this negatively
impacts people and their experiences.

b le m s y o u r
List 3-5 pro d
b s e r v e s a n
company o Problem 3
wa n t s t o s o lv e .
Frame the problems effectively as it
will set the stage of your entire pitch.
Program Objectives/Goals:
Overall Goal
To reduce the morbidity and mortality among
III. Interventions/
children against the most common vaccine-
preventable diseases.
Strategies
Specific Goals
1. To immunize all infants/children against the most
common vaccine-preventable diseases.
2. To sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines.
3. To eliminate measles infection.
4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
5. To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b and
German measles.
6. To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among
children.
Mandates:
Republic Act No. 10152 “Mandatory Infants
and Children Health Immunization Act of
2011” Signed by President Benigno Aquino III
in July 26, 2010. The mandatory includes
basic immunization for children under 5
including other types that will be determined
by the Secretary of Health.
Routine Schedule
of Immunization
Every Wednesday is
designated as immunization
day and is adopted in all
parts of the country.
Immunization is done
monthly in barangay health
stations, quarterly in
remote areas of the
country.
 utine Imm un iz atio n
Ro
for In fa n ts
Schedule
m un iz a t io n s c h e d u le f o r
The s t a n d a r d r o u t in e im
e s is a d o p t e d t o p r o v id e
in f a n t s in t h e P h il ip p in
a in s t t h e s e v e n v a c c in e
maximum immunity ag r y b e f o r e t he
t h e c o u n t
preventable diseases in m u n iz e d c h il d
s t b ir t h d a y . T h e f u ll y im
ch il d 's f ir 2 ,
C G 1, D P T 1, D P T
must have completed B , H B 1, H B 2 ,
P V 1, O P V 2 , O P V 3
D P T 3 , O il d is 12
v a c c in e s b e f o r e t h e c h
HB 3 a n d m e a s le s
months of age.
 Because measles kills, every infant needs to be vaccinated
against measles at the age of 9 months or as soon as
possible after 9 months as part of the routine infant
vaccination schedule. It is safe to vaccinate a sick child who
is suffering from a minor illness (cough, cold, diarrhea, fever
or malnutrition) or who has already been vaccinated against
measles.
If the vaccination schedule is interrupted, it is not
necessary to restart. Instead, the schedule should be
resumed using minimal intervals between doses to catch up
as quickly as possible.

c ip le s in Vaccine combinations (few exceptions), antibiotics, low-dose

General P rin
r en steroids (less than 20 mg per day), minor infections with low
Infants /C h il d
fever (below 38.5o Celsius), diarrhea, malnutrition, kidney or
m u n iza t io n
Im liver disease, heart or lung disease, non-progressive
encephalopathy, well controlled epilepsy or advanced age, are
not contraindications to vaccination. Contrary to what the
majority of doctors may think, vaccines against hepatitis B
and tetanus can be applied in any period of the pregnancy.
There are very few true contraindication and precaution
conditions. Only two of these conditions are generally considered
to be permanent: severe (anaphylactic) allergic reaction to a
vaccine component or following a prior dose of a vaccine, and
encephalopathy not due to another identifiable cause occurring
within 7 days of pertussis vaccination.

Only the diluent supplied by the manufacturer should be used to

reconstitute a freeze-dried vaccine. A sterile needle and sterile
syringe must be used for each vial for adding the diluent to the
powder in a single vial or ampule of freeze-dried vaccine.

The only way to be completely safe from exposure to blood- General P

rinciples i
borne diseases from injections, particularly hepatitis B virus Infants/C n
(HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human
hildren
Immuniz
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is to use one sterile needle, ation
one sterile syringe for each child.
 Tetan u s Tox oi d
ti on Sc h e d ul e
Immuniza
for Women
g iv e n t o w o m e n o f
When
a g e , v a c c in e s t h a t
childbearing
co n t a in t e t a n u s t o x o id
T d ) n o t o n ly p r o t e c t
(TT or
t t e t a n u s , b u t a ls o
women agains
n a t a l t e t a n u s in t h e ir
prevent neo
newborn infants.

Care for the
Vaccines
To ensure the optimal potency of vaccines,
a careful attention is needed in handling
practices at the country level. These include
storage and transport of vaccines from
the primary vaccine store down to the end-
user at the health facility, and further
down at the outreach sites. Inappropriate
storage, handling and transport of vaccines
won't protect patients and may lead to
needless vaccine wastage.
A "first expiry and first out" (FEFO)
vaccine system is practiced to assure that
all vaccines are utilized before its expiry
date. Proper arrangement of vaccines
and/or labeling of expiry dates are done
to identify those close to expiring. Vaccine
temperature is monitored twice a day
(early in the morning and in the
afternoon) in all health facilities and
plotted to monitor break in the cold chain.
Each level of health facilities has cold chain
equipment for use in the storage vaccines
which included cold room, freezer,
refrigerator, transport box, vaccine
carriers, thermometers, cold chain
monitors, ice packs, temperature
monitoring chart and safety collector
boxes.
 1. Live- attenuated

4 MAIN
vaccines
2. Inactivated
vaccines

T YP ES OF
VA CC IN ES 3. Subunit,
e nt o f Health and Human
Departm recombinant,
Services, n.d.) polysaccharide, and
conjugate vaccines 4. Toxoid
vaccines
 Live vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the
germ that causes a disease. Because these vaccines are so similar to the
natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-
lasting immune response. Just 1 or 2 doses of most live vaccines can give

1. Live- you a lifetime

of protection against a germ and the disease it causes.

atte n u ate d But live vaccines also have some limitations. For example:
Because they contain a small amount of the weakened live virus, some
people should talk to their health care provider before receiving them,

v a ccin es such as people with weakened immune systems, long-term health

problems, or people who’ve had an organ transplant.
They need to be kept cool, so they don’t travel well. That means
they can’t be used in countries with limited access to refrigerators.

Live vaccines are used to protect against:

Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine)
Rotavirus
Smallpox
Chickenpox
Yellow fever
Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of
the germ that causes a disease.

Inactivated vaccines usually don’t provide

immunity (protection) that’s as strong as live
vaccines. So you may need several doses over
time (booster shots) in order to get ongoing
immunity against diseases.
2. Inactiv
Inactivated vaccines are used to protect
ated
against:
vaccines
Hepatitis A
Flu (shot only)
Polio (shot only)
Rabies
 Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
use specific pieces of the germ — like its protein, sugar, or capsid (a
casing around the germ).
Because these vaccines use only specific pieces of the germ, they give
a very strong immune response
that’s targeted to key parts of the germ. They can also be used on
3. Subunit, almost everyone who needs them,

re co m b in a n t, including people with weakened immune systems and long-term health

problems.
pol ysa cc ha ri d e, One limitation of these vaccines is that you may need booster shots

an d c on ju ga t e to get on going protection against

diseases.
vaccines These vaccines are used to protect against:
Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) disease
Hepatitis B
HPV (Human papillomavirus)
Whooping cough (part of the DTaP combined vaccine)
Pneumococcal disease
Meningococcal disease
Shingles
 Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful
product) made by the germ that causes a
disease. They create immunity to the parts of
the germ that cause a disease instead of the
germ itself. That means the
immune response is targeted to the toxin instead
of the whole germ.

Like some other types of vaccines, you may need

booster shots to get on going protection against
4. Toxoid
diseases. vaccines
Toxoid vaccines are used to protect against:
Diphtheria
Tetanus