Name: Navyc Christian S.

Abujen Year and Section: BSN 2C

Subject: NCM 104 A (Community Health Nursing) Instructor: Mr. Ryan San Luis

Expanded Program on Immunization Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants

 The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was

established in 1976.
 To ensure that infants/children and mothers have access
to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.

Six Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

 Tuberculosis
 Poliomyelitis
 Diphtheria
 Tetanus
 Pertussis
 Measles

Program Objectives/Goals Vaccines – “When to administer?”

Over-all Goal: 1. Vaccine: BCG

Protection from: Tuberculosis
 To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children When to give: At birth
against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
 Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that most often attacks
Specific Goals: the lungs. In infants and young children, it affects other
1. To immunize all infants/children against the most common organs like the brain. A severe case could cause serious
vaccine-preventable diseases. complications or death.
2. To sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines.  TB is very difficult to treat when contracted, and treatment
3. To eliminate measles infection. is lengthy and not always successful. According to the
4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus 2020 World Health Organization global TB report, the
5. To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b and German Philippines has the highest TB incidence rate in Asia, with
measles. 554 cases for every 100,000 Filipinos.
6. To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among children.
2. Vaccine: Hepatitis B
Protection from: Hepatitis B
Republic Act No. 10152 When to give: At birth

 Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act
of 2011
 Signed by President Benigno Aquino III in July 26, 2010.
 The mandatory includes basic immunization for children
under 5 including other types that will be determined by
the Secretary of Health.
 Hepatitis B virus is a dangerous liver infection that, when
caught as an infant, often shows no symptoms for
decades. It can develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer later
in life. Children less than 6-years old who become infected
with the hepatitis B virus are the most likely to develop
chronic infections.

Strategies: 3. Vaccine: Pentavalent vaccine

1. Conduct of Routine Immunization for Infants / Children /
Women through the Reaching Every Barangay (REB)
strategy
 REB strategy, an adaptation of the WHO-UNICEF
Reaching Every District (RED)
 was introduced in 2004 aimed to improve the access to
routine immunization and reduce drop-outs.
 There are 5 components of the strategy, namely: data
analysis for action, re-establish outreach services,
strengthen links between the community and service,
supportive supervision and maximizing resources.
2. Supplemental Immunization Activity (SIA)
 Supplementary immunization activities are used to reach
children who have not been vaccinated or have not
developed sufficient immunity after previous vaccinations.
 It can be conducted either national or sub-national –in
selected areas.
3. Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance
 This is critical for the eradication/elimination efforts,
especially in identifying true cases of measles and
indigenous wild polio virus
4. Procurement of adequate and potent vaccines and needles
and syringes to all health facilities nationwide
Protection from: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Influenza B
and Hepatitis B
When to give: 6, 10 and 14 weeks
 Diphtheria infects the throat and tonsils, making it hard
for children to breathe and swallow. Severe cases can
cause heart, kidney and/or nerve damage.
 Pertussis (whooping cough) causes coughing spells
that can last for weeks. In some cases, it can lead to
troubled breathing, pneumonia, and death.
 Tetanus causes very painful muscle contractions. It can
cause children’s neck and jaw muscles to lock (lockjaw),
making it hard for them to open their mouth, swallow,
breastfeed or breathe. Even with treatment, tetanus is
often fatal.
 Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by
influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world.
Influenza can cause severe illness or death especially in
people at high risk.
 80–90% of infants infected with Hepatitis B during the first
year of life most likely to develop chronic infections.
4. Vaccine: Oral Polio Vaccine
When to give: 6, 10 and 14 weeks
5. Vaccine: Inactivated polio vaccine
When to give: 14 weeks
Protection from: Poliovirus
 Polio is a virus that paralyzes 1 in 200 people who get
infected. Among those cases, 5 to 10 per cent die when
their breathing muscles are paralyzed. There is no cure for
polio once the paralysis sets in.
 6. Vaccine: PCV
When to give: 6, 10 and 14 weeks
Protection from: Pneumonia and Meningitis
 Pneumococcal diseases such as pneumonia and
meningitis are a common cause of sickness and death
worldwide, especially among young children under 2
years old.
References
 https://doh.gov.ph/expanded-program-on-immunization
 https://www.unicef.org/philippines/stories/routine-
immunization-children-philippines
 https://www.slideshare.net/NickFlare/expanded-program-
on-immunization

7. Vaccine: MMR
When to give: 9 months and 1-year old
Protection from: Measles, Mumps and Rubella

 Measles is a highly contagious disease with symptoms

that include fever, runny nose, white spots in the back of
the mouth and a rash. Serious cases can cause blindness,
brain swelling and death.
 Mumps can cause headache, malaise, fever, and swollen
salivary glands. Complications can include meningitis,
swollen testicles and deafness.
 Rubella infection in children and adults is usually mild, but
in pregnant women it can cause miscarriage, stillbirth,
infant death or birth defects.

Additional Information