1.

Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)1

▫ Chronic degenerative condition of ECRB at its proximal attachment to the lateral epicondyle of
humerus
▫ Repetitive wrist extension or strong grip with the wrist extended—overloading of ECRB
▫ Painful Passive wrist flexion and active wrist extension
▫ Special test- Cozen's test (Tennis elbow test), Mill’s test, Maudsley’s test

2. Medial epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow)1

▫ Degenerative condition of Pronator Teres (PT) and Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) at medial
epicondylitis of humerus
▫ Occurs with overuse in sports like baseball, pitching, driving golf swings, swimming, occupation
that require strong grip and excessive pronation of forearm
▫ Painful passive wrist extension and active wrist flexion
▫ Special test- Medial Epicondylitis test (Golfer’s Elbow test)

3. Supracondylar Fracture2
▫ Distal Humeral fracture
▫ Common in kids
▫ Typically, AIN (branch of median nerve) and brachial artery involvement
▫ Complications- Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture, gun stock deformity (reduced carrying angle),
High incidence of malunion
▫ Requires open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

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4. Pulled elbow syndrome/Nursemaid’s elbow2
▫ Age 2-3yrs
▫ Longitudinal traction on an extended elbow-->partial slippage of Annular ligament over the head
of radius and radio capitellar jt.
▫ Position of arm- Arm at side, with hand pronated (palm down)
▫ Radial nerve can get injured

5. Olecranon Bursitis2
▫ Student's elbow, elbow bursitis
▫ Swelling over posterior elbow

6 Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome2

▫ Weakness of Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) & Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) to index finger
▫ Weakness of Pronator Quadratus
7. Bicep tendon rupture (Distal)2
▫ Swelling
▫ Ecchymosis
▫ Palpable gap in biceps tendon
▫ Weak elbow flexion & supination
8. Myositis ossificans1
▫ Common in brachialis muscle as result of trauma, aggressive stretching
▫ Avoid stretching, massage, resistive exercises, Heat
9. Brachialis Strain2
 ▫ Pain on anterior aspect of distal part of the arm, possible tenderness in ms belly
▫ Painful resisted elbow flexion with forearm pronation

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References

1. Kisner, Carolyn. “The Elbow Joint.” Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques, edited by Lynn Allen Colby,
Davis Plus, 2012, pp. 635–637.
2. Dutton's Orthopedic Examination, Evaluation and Intervention, by Mark Dutton, McGraw Hill Companies, 2012,
pp. 632–644.
3. Magee, David j. “The Elbow Joint.” Orthopedic Physical Assessment, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 393–426.