OBJECTIVE

 To understand pressure measurement techniques and their accuracy.

 To investigate the calibration system on the pressure measurement unit.
 To differentiate absolute pressure and gauge pressure.
 To study on working principle of the manometer and transmitter.
 To become familiar with handling the pressure measuring instrument in the plant.

INTRODUCTION

Pressure is measured as force per unit area, Jeff Sanny, S. J. L. (2022, June 29).
Pressure measurement is important not only for monitoring and controlling pressure itself but
also for measuring other parameters such as level and flow (via differential pressure).
Pressure measurement is one of the most common measurements in process control. It is
also one of the simplest concepts of gauge selection.

The pressure gauge is a pressure transducer that converts pressure energy into
measurable mechanical or electrical energy, Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2014,
June 3). Pressure measurements are always performed relative to a reference point. There
are basic types of pressure sensing configurations:

1. Gauge pressure, the pressure that is measured in proportion to atmospheric

pressure (PSIG or kPag)

2. Absolute pressure, where the reference is a complete vacuum (psi or kPa)

Nowadays, pressure gauge become much more advance, which causes old pressure
gauge such as manometers to no longer is used as the main pressure gauge. This
experiment also does not use the manometer because the much more advanced pressure
gauge was used.

A transmitter is used to accurately translate the pressure value into an electrical

output after being used to acquire the pressure with a pressure gauge. This experiment was
conducted three times at various pressures that were advised to obtain the average value.
According to theory, absolute pressure is never higher than gauge pressure. This is caused
by constant pressure variations throughout the experiment and other elements like
instrument sensitivity and connector leakage.

Pressure calibration is the comparison of the output of a device used to measure

pressure with that of another pressure measurement device, or pressure measurement
standard. This comparison process is performed in a chain from the highest level of
fundamental pressure realization, down to daily pressure measurement devices, to ensure
that pressure measurements are accurate and comply with accepted or mandated
standards.

In this experiment, the Air Filter Regulation (AFR) was evaluated under a pressure
measurement test, and a pressure of 30 psi was set to fill the Pressure Tank, T1. The tester
tapping point, MV8, is appropriately linked to the transmitter. The information has been
recorded once the pressure measurements at the manometer and pressure gauge
stabilised. Following 25 PSIG, the measurement continues until 0 psig. To isolate the
Absolute Pressure Transmitter PT1 from the plant for the PT1 site calibration, the MV1 valve
was closed. The transmitter's tube was then disconnected so that a vacuum pump could be
connected to it to measure the pressure. A multimeter was used to obtain the output signal
from the transmitter for all of the calibrated test site ranges once the manometer had been
properly attached to PT1. The MV2 and Gauge Pressure Transmitter are also utilised in the
same calibration process as the PT2 site.
Reference

Jeff Sanny, S. J. L. (2022, June 29). University Physics Volume 2,2.2 Pressure,
Temperature, and RMS Speed. OpenStax. Retrieved November 2, 2022, from
https://openstax.org/details/books/university-physics-volume-2

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2014, June 3). pressure gauge. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/pressure-gauge