Senior High School

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 6
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

General Chemistry 1 – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 6: Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Fourth Edition, 2021

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 Senior
Senior High
High School
School

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 6

Mass Relationships in
Chemical Reactions

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................iii
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................iii

What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... .iv

Lesson 1:
Determining the Amount of Reactant and Product in a
Chemical Reaction .................................................................................................................1
What’s In ....................................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Fishball anyone?...................................................................... 2
What Is It: Stoichiometry .............................................................................. 2
What’s More: Stoich In Action ...................................................................... 4
What I Have Learned: Tell Me What You Know .......................................... 4
What I Can Do: Show Me What You Know ................................................. 5
Additional Activity: Let’s Go Online .............................................................. 5

Lesson 2:
Limiting and Excess Reagent .....................................................................................6
What’s In ............................................................................................................... 6
What I Need to Know .......................................................................................... 6
What’s New: Excess Baggage ........................................................................ ..7
What Is It: Limiting and Excess Reagent .................................................... 7
What’s More: More Than Enough .............................................................. 9
What I Have Learned: Tell Me What You Know ……………………………. 9
What I Can Do: How Big is the Balloon … ................................................. 10

Additional Activity: Let’s Go Online .............................................................. 10

Lesson 3:
Calculating Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield ..................................11

What’s In ........................................................................................................................11
 What I Need to Know..................................................................................................11
What’s New: Encircle Me ...................................................................................... . 11
What Is It: Yield of the Reaction ……………………………………………….12
What’s More: Solve, Solve, Solve ................................................................... 14
What’s More: Let’s Go Online .......................................................................... 15
What I Have Learned: Tell Me What You Know … ....................................... 15
What I Can Do: Step by Step ...................................................................... 16

Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Assessment: (Post-Test) .................................................................................................................. 18
Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................... 20
References .......................................................................................................................... 22
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

Chemical reactions are apparent in the things around us or in our daily activities. The
quantitative relationship of reactants and products in a chemical reaction is manifested for
example, when we bake a cake or bread or cook a dish. We make sure that all the ingredients
are present and in correct proportions based on a recipe to make the desired end-product.
The same concept applies to chemical reactions. After learning how to balance a chemical
equation in module 3, this module will help you understand the mass relationships of reactants
and products in a chemical reaction.

The lessons contained in this module are as follows:

• Lesson 1: Determining the Amount of Reactant and Product in a Chemical
Reaction.
• Lesson 2: Limiting and Excess Reagent.
• Lesson 3: Calculating Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield in a Reaction.

i
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction to calculate the amount of reactant
needed or the amount of product formed in terms of moles or mass.
(STEM_GC11MRIg-h-38);

2. Determine mass relationship in a chemical reaction (STEM_GC11MRIg-h-42).

3. Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction; identify the excess
reagent(s) (STEM_GC11MRIg-h-40);

4. Calculate percent yield and theoretical yield of the (STEM_GC11MRIg-h-39);

ii
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

iii
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Read and understand each question and select the letter of the best
answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following equations best represent the law of conservation of mass?
A. 1𝐴 + 2𝐵 → 3𝐴𝐵 C. 6𝐴2 𝐵 → 12𝐴 + 𝐵
B. 2𝐴2 + 8𝐵 → 4𝐴𝐵2 D. 2𝐴𝐵3 → 2𝐴 + 2𝐵

2. Which of the following statements is true about the stoichiometric coefficient?

A. It is written to make the number of each element in a chemical equation the same
in the reactant and product side.
B. the sum of all coefficients on the left must be equal to the sum of all coefficients in
the right side of the equation.
C. It is the subscript written after each element.
D. None of the above.

3. In a chemical reaction, stoichiometry refers to:

A. Amount of materials consumed and products formed.
B. The activation energy
C. The rate of reaction
D. Reaction in equilibrium

For items 4 to 7, base your answer from the combustion of butane (C4H10) as shown in
the reaction:
2𝐶4 𝐻10 (𝑔) + 13𝑂2 (𝑔) → 8𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 10𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙)

4. What is the mole-mole factor of butane and water?

A. 10:2 C. 8:10
B. 2:13 D. 2:10

5. which pair has the mole-mole factor of 8:10?

A. Butane and oxygen C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Carbon dioxide and water D. Water and butane

6. If 65.3 moles of oxygen gas are consumed, how many moles of carbon dioxide are
produced?
A. 526.4 moles C. 40.2 moles
B. 106.1 moles D. 8.16 moles

7. How many grams of C4H10 are needed to produce 37.8 moles of CO2?
A. 453.6 grams C. 2.607 grams
B. 548.1 grams D. 8769.6 grams

For items 8 to 11. In the reaction 2H2 + CO → CH3OH, 6.8 g carbon monoxide gas was made
to react with 7.2 g of hydrogen gas. The reaction produced 5.2 g of methanol.

8. Which is the limiting reagent?

A. Hydrogen C. methanol
B. Carbon monoxide D. CO2

iv
9. What is the theoretical yield?
A. 57.6 g C. 7.8 g
B. 50.4 g D. 6.8 g

10. What is the percent yield?

A. 76% C. 68%
B. 78% D. 67%

v
 Lesson
Determining the Amount of
1 Reactant and Product in a
Chemical Reaction

What’s In

You have learned from the previous lesson that numerical coefficients are written
before a chemical formula on the reactants or products side to balance a chemical equation.
This numerical coefficient in a balanced chemical equation will be used to determine how
much of the reactants are needed to produce a certain amount of product or how much product
is produced given a certain amount of reactant. This lesson will introduce you to the concept
of mass to mole or mole to mole ratio to determine the amount of reactants and products in a
chemical reaction.

What I Need to Know

A balanced chemical equation indicates the number of moles required for each
reactant to produce a certain number of moles of the product/s. When you know the ratio of
the product to the reactants, it will be much easier to determine how much of the initial
materials are you going to prepare to achieve a specific amount of product (Chang, 2009). For
instance, you are selling fishballs in a stick for 10 pesos per stick. Each stick has 6 fish balls.
If you plan to sell 100 sticks of fishballs to reach a profit of 1000 pesos, excluding all other
materials like cooking oil and fuel, you will know that you needed to buy 100 pieces of bamboo
sticks and 600 pieces of raw fish balls from the market.

Similarly, when you have a balanced chemical equation, you will be able to predict the
amount of product/s formed from knowing the amount of the reactants. In the same manner,
knowing the amount of product/s formed will help you determine the amount of initial reactant
used up in a single chemical reaction.

In this lesson, you will learn to identify mole ratios of reactants and products from
balanced chemical equations and be able to perform stoichiometric calculations related to
chemical equations.

1
 What’s New

Fishball anyone?

Directions: Let us use the given example previously to understand the concept of determining
the amount of reactants and products in a chemical reaction by answering the questions
below. Susan is selling fishballs in a stick for 10 pesos per stick. Each stick has 5 fish balls.
1. Write the equation of fish balls, bamboo sticks, and fishballs in a stick.

_____ 𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 + ____𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘 → _____𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘

2. If Susan has 100 fish balls, how many bamboo sticks will she need to consume all the
fish balls?
3. If Susan wants to make 50 fishballs in a stick, how many fish balls will she need?

What Is It
Stoichiometry

One of the requirements of a balanced chemical equation is that it follows the Law of
Conservation of Mass by Antoine Lavoisier in 1785, which states that in an isolated system,
matter is neither created nor destroyed. The identity and quantity of the elements in the
reactant side, though they can change in pairing or arrangement, must be equal to the identity
and quantity of elements on the product side. To do this, all elements on the left side of the
equation must be reflected and must be the same as the total number of moles on the right
side of the equation. A stoichiometric coefficient is then added before each element, ion, or
molecule to make the number of each element on the left side equal to the number of the
same element in the right side of the equation. This stoichiometric coefficient denoted by a
number can be interpreted as the number of moles of each substance. The mole method
approach makes stoichiometry (the quantitative relationship between reactants and products
in a chemical reaction) more understandable. Let’s take for example the formation of table
salt or NaCl:
2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)
The stoichiometric coefficients in the equation denote that 2 elemental sodium (Na)
react with 2 molecules of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form 2 molecules of sodium chloride (NaCl)
and 2 molecules of hydrogen gas (H2). Following the mole method approach, the equation can
be interpreted and read as 2 moles of Na react with 2 moles of HCl to form 2 moles of NaCl
and 1 mole of H2. Since the equation is balanced, the stoichiometric coefficient for the
reactants and products can be used in a ratio or mole-mole factor:
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 ≅ 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
The symbol ≅ means “equivalent to”. Hence, we can make the following mole-mole
factor:
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐶𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐶𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐻2
or or or or or
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐻2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐻2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐶𝑙

Let’s consider a simple example. Ammonia (NH3) a chemical component of agricultural

fertilizers and synthetic fibers (Patalinghug, et. al, 2016). It is produced by the reaction of
nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
3 𝐻2 (𝑔) + 𝑁2 (𝑔) → 2𝑁𝐻3 (𝑔)

2
 As shown in the balanced equation, 3 moles of H2 are stoichiometrically equivalent to
1 mole N2 and 2 moles NH3. The ratio of moles H2 to moles NH3 is 3:2; the ratio of moles N2
to moles NH3 is 1:2. Using this ratio, we will be able to calculate the quantities of the product
or reactant like the example below:
a. How many moles of H2 are needed to produce 26.5 moles of NH3?
Solution:
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
26.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 𝑋 = 39.8 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3

b. How many moles of NH3 will be produced if 33.7 moles of N2 react completely with H2?
Solution:
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
33.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁2 𝑋 = 67.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁2

Note: In using the mole-mole factor or ratio, the arrangement of the numerator and
denominator is done in a way that there is a cancellation of similar units found in the numerator
and denominator. In the first example above, the number of moles of NH3 were canceled while
in the second example, the number of moles of N2 were canceled.

The stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products can be used readily to
determine the mole-mole ratio of the substances involved. However, in laboratory setups, the
mass (in grams) of the substance is given or needed instead of moles for easy measurement.
In this type of problem, there is a need to convert the mass into the number of moles using
the molar mass of the substance. Below are the steps used to convert grams to moles or vice
versa:
1. Convert the mass of the substance (A) to the number of moles using its molar mass.
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴(𝑔) 𝑋 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 (𝑔)

2. Using the number of moles of substance A and the mole-mole ratio of substance A
and B from the balanced equation, compute for the number of moles of B.

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐵
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑋 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴

3. Convert the number of moles of substance B to mass using its molar mass.

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 (𝑔)

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 (𝑔)
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵

The molar mass of the substance is used as a conversion factor to calculate the
number of moles of the substance given its mass and vice versa. The three steps can be
combined into a single step as follows:

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 (𝑔)

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵(𝑔) = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴(𝑔) 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴(𝑔) 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵

In every conversion, like the steps shown above, similar units found in the numerator
and denominator are canceled out. Let’s have another example: Solid lithium hydroxide is a
chemical used to remove carbon dioxide. The reaction is:

2 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝐿𝑖2 𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)

3
How many grams of CO2 can be absorbed by 236.2 g LiOH?
Solution:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 44.01𝑔 𝐶𝑂2
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) = 236.2 𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
23.949𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) = 217.0 𝑔

Note: Since the given value (236.1g) has 4 significant figures, the answer will also have 4
significant figures.

What’s More

Stoic in Action!
Direction: Use a separate sheet to show your computation for the following problems:
1. Rust, Fe2O3, form from the reaction of iron and oxygen in the following equation:
𝐹𝑒(𝑠) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑠)
(Molar mass: Fe:55.9, O:16)
a. Write the balanced equation of the reaction.
b. What is the mole-mole ratio of Fe to Fe2O3?
c. How many moles of Fe2O3 are produced from 39.4 moles of Fe?
d. What is the molar mass of Fe2O3?
e. How many grams of O2 are needed to produce 29.8 g of Fe2O3?

2. Given the decomposition reaction: 2 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 (𝑠) → 2 𝐾𝐶𝑙(𝑠) + 3 𝑂2 (𝑔)

(Molar mass: K:39.1, Cl:35.5, O:16)
a. What is the mole-mole ratio of KClO3 to O2?
b. What is the molar mass of KClO3?
c. How many moles of KClO3 are needed to produce 36.6 moles of O2?
d. How many grams of KCl are produced from an initial mass of 568.4 g KClO 3?

What I have learned

Tell me what you Know
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write your comprehensive understanding of
this lesson by answering the questions.
1. Make a process chart for determining or converting the given mass of the
reactant to the number of moles of reactant to the number of moles of product
to mass of the product. A sample flow chart is shown below:
Given: Convert to: Multiply by: Convert to: Final:

2. How does an unbalanced chemical equation affect your calculation of the

amount of reactant or product in a chemical reaction?
3. Describe the step of determining the mole-mole factor or ratio from a chemical
equation.
4. Given the initial mass of reactant, explain how are you going to arrange the
units of the substances in the numerator and denominator to compute for the
mass of the product? Give an example if necessary.
5. Site a situation in your daily life where you can apply the concept of
stoichiometry.
4
 What I Can Do

Show Me What You Know

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your complete solution and answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The fertilizer ammonium sulfate is prepared by the reaction between ammonia and
sulfuric acid. (Molar Mass: N=14, S=32, H=1, O=16)
2𝑁𝐻3 (𝑔) + 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞) → (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4

a. What is the molar mass of NH3?

b. What is the molar mass of (NH4)2SO4?
c. What is the mole-mole ratio of NH3 to (NH4)2SO4?
d. How many moles of ammonium sulfate are produced when 638.4 g of NH3
reacts completely with H2SO4?
e. How many grams of NH3 are needed to produce 50.0 g of (NH4)2SO4?

2. In the fermentation process, ethanol is produced from the decomposition of

glucose. (Molar mass: C=12, H=1, O=16)
𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 → 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝑂2
Glucose Ethanol Carbon dioxide
a. Write a balanced chemical equation of the decomposition of glucose.
b. What is the mole-mole ratio of glucose (𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 ) to ethanol (𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻)
c. What is the molar mass of glucose?
d. What is the molar mass of ethanol?
e. How much ethanol is produced from the starting material of 987.1 g of glucose?

Additional Activity

Let’s go online!

Directions: Go to the link below and practice what you’ve learned from this lesson:
https://bit.ly/2Ce7nkm
https://bit.ly/2Ce7z34
https://bit.ly/2ZbtkJD

5
 Lesson
Limiting and Excess Reagent
2

What’s In

You have learned from lesson 1 that you can predict the amount of product produced
given the initial amount of reactant, the mole-mole factor, and the molar mass. The amount of
initial reactant required to produce the desired amount of product can also be computed in the
same manner. In a real scenario, however the amount of the reactants involved in the reaction
are not exactly available according to the proportion stoichiometrically identified from the
balanced equation. How to determine which of the reactants is present in excess or which
reactant is used up first in the reaction will be discussed in this lesson.
.

What I Need to Know

Suppose you are preparing cheeseburgers following strictly the proportions: 1 burger
bun, 1 patty, and 1 slice of cheese to produce 1 cheeseburger. The number of cheeseburgers
produced depends largely on the availability of materials. There could be instances where all
the ingredients are present in exact proportion, so there are no excess materials. Oftentimes,
the number of buns, cheese slices, and patties is not the same. You may have bought more
buns than patties or there are more cheese slices than buns. The ingredients present in the
least amount will determine how many cheeseburgers will be produced while the ingredient
present in excess will have leftovers after making cheeseburgers.

In the same analogy, in a chemical reaction, the amount of reactants are not present
in the exact stoichiometrically determined ratio. In this lesson, you will learn how to determine
which reactant is present in excess and which reactant is used up first in a reaction.

6
 What’s New

Excess Baggage

Directions: The table below shows the primary materials needed to produce the items in the
first column. With the given available materials, identify how many items are produced, which
materials are in excess, and how many are left of the available materials.

Item Required Available materials Produced Excess

set materials
Bicycle 1 bike frame, 2 tires 68 bike frames, 117
2 pedals, 1 crank tires, 250 pedals, 72
arm, 1 brake set crank arm, 93 brake
set
Banana 2 bananas, 1 236 bananas, 150
Cue barbecue stick, ½ barbecue stick, 25
cup brown sugar cups brown sugar
Cheese 1 burger bun, 1 beef 324 burger buns, 12
burger patty, 1 slice of dozen beef patties,
cheese 261 slices of cheese
Table 1 table top, 4 legs, 8 20 table tops, 50
nuts, 8 screws legs, 50 nuts, 50
screws
Milk tea 1 bag of black tea, 15 tea bags, 3 liters
250 ml water, 1/8 water, 2 cups milk,
cup milk, 2 tbsp 30 tbsp sugar, 4
sugar, ¼ cup tapioca cups tapioca pearls
pearls

What Is It

Limiting and Excess Reagent

When a chemical reaction is carried out in a flask, the amount of reactants are not
always present in the exact proportion stoichiometrically determined from the balanced
equation. To make sure that the more expensive reagent is completely used up and converted
to the desired product, chemists usually add the cheaper reagent in excess quantity. The
reagent that has completely reacted and used up in a reaction is called the limiting reagent.
The excess reagent is the reactant that is present in quantity higher than what is required to
react with the limiting reagent. For instance, you are preparing a ball dance for your 18 th
birthday consisting of pairs of male and female. Upon checking your list of friends, you found
out that you have 18 male friends and 25 female friends. The number of male friends will limit
the number of pairs to 18. All the males will have a partner while there will be 7 females who
will not have a partner for the dance.
Let’s use that context to the balanced chemical equation below:
3𝐻2 (𝑔) + 𝑁2 (𝑔) → 2𝑁𝐻3 (𝑔)

7
 Ammonia, NH3, is synthesized from the reaction of H2 and N2 gases. Suppose 6 moles
of H2 was initially mixed with 4 moles of N2 gas at high pressure. To determine which of the 2
reactants is the limiting reagent, the amount of NH 3 produced must be computed given the
number of moles of H2 and N2 and the mole-mole factor from the balanced equation.

2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = # 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑋
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑋
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁2 𝑋
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁2
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁2 𝑋
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁2

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝐻3 = 8 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

From the computed values we determined that if 6 moles of H 2 completely reacts with
N2, it can produce 4 moles of NH3 while 4 moles of N2 can produce 8 moles of NH3 when fully
used up. Since there is less amount of NH 3 produced with 6 moles of H2 than 4 moles of N2,
H2 gas is the limiting reagent while the N 2 gas is the reagent in excess. To determine how
much of the 4 moles of N2 is in excess, we will use the mole-mole factor of N2 and H2.
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁2 = 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑋
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁2 = 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

The number of moles of N2 required to fully react to 6 moles of H2 is only 2 moles.

Thus, the initial 6 moles of N2 has an excess of 4 moles.

𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑁2 = 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Let’s have another example. The combustion of ethane produces carbon dioxide and
water shown in the reaction below:
2𝐶2 𝐻6 + 7𝑂2 → 4𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂
1. How many moles of CO2 are produced with 56.2 moles C2H6 and 73.4 moles of O2?
Solution:
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 = 56.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑋
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻6
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 = 112.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 = 73.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂2 𝑋
7 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 = 41.9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

2. Which reagent is the limiting reagent? Which is the excess reagent?

The Limiting reagent is O2 while the excess reagent is 𝐶2 𝐻6 .
3. How many moles of 𝐶2 𝐻6 are in excess?
Moles of 𝐶2 𝐻6 required for 73.4 moles on O2:
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻6
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻6 = 73.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂2 𝑋
7 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻6 = 20.9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

Excess 𝐶2 𝐻6 : 56.2 moles – 20.9 moles = 35.3 moles

8
Note: If the amount of the initial reactant is expressed in grams (mass) instead of moles, the
number of moles must first be converted into grams using the molar mass of the reactant as
you have learned in the previous lessons. In the same manner, if the problem asks to
determine the mass (in grams) of the product produced by the reaction, the number of moles
of the product must be converted into grams using the molar mass of the product.

What’s More
More Than Enough
Directions: Read carefully the following problems. Find what is asked for each problem.
Write your complete solution and answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In the production of Zinc sulfide, 36.8 g of zinc is made to react with 19.4 g of sulfur.
𝑍𝑛 + 𝑆 → 𝑍𝑛𝑆
a. How many moles of ZnS are produced when sulfur is completely used up?
b. How many grams of ZnS are produced when zinc is completely used up?
c. Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
d. How many grams of the excess reagent are left?

2. An aqueous solution of NaOH can dissolve an aluminum sheet in the reaction:

2 𝐴𝑙 + 2 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 → 2 𝑁𝑎𝐴𝑙𝑂2 + 3 𝐻2

If 126.4 g of NaOH is 97.7 g of Al are made to react,

a. How many moles of NaAlO2 are produced if 126.4 g of NaOH reacts completely?
b. How many grams of NaAlO2 are produced using the same amount of NaOH?
c. Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
d. How many grams of the excess reagent is left?

3. Ferric chloride, FeCl3, reacts with silver nitrate, AgNO3 to form ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3 and
silver chloride, AgCl.
a. Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
b. If 108.5 moles of FeCl3 is combined with 76.8 moles of AgNO3, how many moles of
AgCl is produced?
c. How many grams of AgCl is produced?
d. Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
e. Which reactant is the excess reagent?

What I Have Learned

Tell Me What You Know
Directions: Based on what you have learned from this lesson, write a concise explanation of
the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the role of the stoichiometric coefficient in a balanced chemical equation to the
determination of the limiting reactant?
2. Why is it that in most cases, the amounts of reactants and products are indicated in grams
instead of the number for moles.
3. How do you determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?
4. If a chemical reaction involves only one reactant, will there be a limiting reagent?
5. Site one (1) real-life situation where you added more than what is needed to produce
something. Make justifications why you have to do it.

9
 What I Can Do

How big is the balloon!

(This is adapted and modified from https://bit.ly/2Su64Wt)
Directions: This activity is a simple application of the concept of limiting and excess reactants
that you can do at home. Follow the instruction properly, observe what happens to the balloon
after mixing the baking soda and vinegar then answer the guide questions below. For this
simple experiment, you will need the following items:
• 3 350mL empty plastic water bottles
• Vinegar
• Baking soda
• 3 balloons
• funnel
Source: https://bit.ly/3p5HNSQ
Procedure:
1. Collect, clean, and dry three (3) 350 ml water
bottles. Label the bottles 1, 2 and 3.
2. Pour 5 tablespoons vinegar into bottle 1, 10 tablespoons into bottle 2, and 15
tablespoons into bottle 3.
3. Fit the funnel into the opening of the balloon and carefully put 1 tablespoon of baking
soda into each balloon.
4. Carefully press the balloon to remove extra air inside without spilling the baking soda.
5. Fit the balloon snugly into the lip or opening of the water bottle. Make sure that the
baking soda does not fall into the bottle while doing this. If the balloon is loosely fit into
the bottle, use rubber bands to ensure that air is trapped inside the bottle.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for the other 2 balloons and water bottles.
7. Stretch the balloon over the top of the bottle to slowly pour the baking soda into the
vinegar. The baking soda will react with vinegar as shown in the equation:

𝐶2 𝐻4 𝑂2 + 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶2 𝐻3 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2

Acetic acid Sodium Sodium water Carbon
bicarbonate acetate dioxide
8. Record your observations then answer the questions below.
9. Clean your work area and dispose the materials properly.

After performing the activity, answer the following questions. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. When baking soda was mixed with vinegar, effervescence (fizzing or bubbling) was
observed. What caused the effervescence?
2. How can you conclude that the reaction is complete?
3. Which balloon has the least amount of air inside?
4. Which balloon has the most air inside?
5. Will the balloon size grow bigger if more vinegar is in the bottle? Why?
6. Will it take more time to complete the reaction if there were more vinegar in the bottle
with the same amount of baking soda?
7. Which is the limiting reagent?
8. Which is the reagent in excess?

Additional Activity

Let’s go online!
Directions: Go to the link below and practice what you’ve learned from this lesson:
https://bit.ly/309SojJ
https://bit.ly/3fGoF8g
https://bit.ly/3fui4ht
10
 Lesson Calculating Theoretical Yield and Percent
3 Yield in a Reaction

What’s In

In your previous lessons, you were taught how to calculate molecular formula given
molar mass, write and balance chemical equations and construct mole or mass ratios for a
reaction with stoichiometry in order to determine the amount of reactants needed to form the
products.
In this lesson, you will learn how to differentiate the theoretical, actual, and percent
yield as well as the process on how to calculate them using stoichiometry.

What I Need to Know

Ideally, in a chemical reaction, it is predicted to produce a 100% yield of the product

from the given reactants. But, it is not that easy to achieve. Most of the chemical reactions
obtain are less than the 100% yield of the product/s due to several factors that could affect the
reaction process such as; experimental errors, incomplete reactions, unexpected side
reactions, amount of the reactant/s, undesirable by-product/s, other external factors, etc. For
you to be able to eliminate all of these contributory factors, you have to obtain an “ideal
environment” during the experimentation to achieve 100% yield, which is close to impossible
to attain under normal conditions.

To evaluate the success of a chemical reaction, you need to determine the percent
yield by calculating the theoretical yield and the actual yield of the reaction process.

What’s New

Encircle Me…

Direction: In this chemical equation, identify and encircle the following parts indicated
in the first column. You may use another sheet of paper or you may answer directly
on this page. That is why the font is big so that it would be easier for you to encircle.
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

11
 Direction of the
Reaction
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

Product/s
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

Reactant/s
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

Subscripts
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

Coefficients
2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + 4H2O(g) + O2(g)

What Is It

Yield of the Reaction

A chemical reaction is a process in which substance/s interact chemically to produce

a new substance/s with different compositions. It is represented by a chemical equation.
Substance/s at the left side of the equation is/are called the reactant/s while the substance/s
located at the right side of the equation is/are called the product/s. Chemical properties of the
element or compound as reactant/s dictate the process in which an element or compound
undergoes changes during the reaction.

Evaluation of the percent yield is important to measure the success of a chemical

reaction. Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a
percentage (https://bit.ly/3vtZVrL). So, how are you going to compute the percent yield of a
chemical reaction? You have to know the values of the theoretical yield and the actual yield of
the reaction. Following the formula of:

𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 = 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅

Theoretical yield is the amount of product that is expected to form based on

stoichiometry (https://bit.ly/3vtZVrL). It is the maximum amount of product produced from the
given amount/s of reactant/s. It is calculated based on the stoichiometry of the chemical
reaction. While the actual yield is the amount of product produced during the reaction. It is
the amount of product obtained after the actual reaction and it is normally lesser than the
theoretical yield. It is determined experimentally.

These are the steps in calculating the percent yield of a chemical reaction:
1. Balance the given chemical equation
2. Identify the limiting reactant and the excess reactant
12
 3. Compute for the theoretical yield of the reaction
4. Calculate the percent yield
You can continue solving when asked:
a. Percent error
b. Amount of excess reactant

Sample problem on how to compute the Percent Yield:

(This is adapted and modified from https://bit.ly/3jR1VoT)

Potassium chlorate decomposes upon slight heating in the presence of a catalyst according
to the reaction below:

KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g)

In a certain experiment, 40.0g KClO3 is heated until it completely decomposes. What is the
theoretical yield of oxygen gas? The experiment is performed and the oxygen gas is collected
and its mass is found to be 14.9g. What is the percent yield for the reaction?

Solution:

Step 1. Balance the given equation. You were taught how to balance an equation from your
module 3.
KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g) (Unbalance)
2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) (Balanced)

Step 2. Compute for the limiting reactant. You were taught how to compute for the limiting
and excess reactants from module 4, lesson 2. (In this case, there is no limiting
reactant since the chemical reaction is decomposition).

Step 3. Calculate the theoretical yield based on the stoichiometry.

Step 3a. List the known quantities and plan the problem.

Known

• Given: Mass of KClO3 = 40.0 g

• Molar mass KClO3 = 122.55 g/mol
• Molar mass O2 = 32.00 g/mol

Unknown

• Theoretical yield
• Percent yield

Apply stoichiometry to convert from the mass of a reactant to the mass of a product:

g KClO3 → mol KClO3 → mol O2 → g O2

Step 3b. Solve.

40.0 g KClO3 × 1 mol KClO3 × 3 mol O2 × 32.00 g O2 = 15.7 g O2

122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1mol O2

The theoretical yield of O2 is 15.7 g

13
Now, you will use the actual yield and the theoretical yield to calculate the percent yield.

Step 1. List the known quantities and solve the problem.

Known

• Actual yield =14.9 g

• Theoretical yield =15.7 g

Unknown

• Percent yield = ?%

Percent Yield = Actual Yield × 100%

Theoretical Yield

Use the percent yield equation above.

Step 2. Solve.

Percent Yield = 14.9 g × 100% = 94.9%

15.7 g

What’s More

Activity 1: Solve, Solve, Solve…

Direction: Determine the theoretical yield and the actual yield, given the information in each
question. You must show your work, including units, through each step of the calculations.
Use separate papers for your answers for this set of problems. (These problems are adapted
and modified from https://bit.ly/2W18laC).

1. Cl2(g) + Al(s) AlCl3(s)

70.90 g/mol 26.98 g/mol 133.33 g/mol

a. Calculate the theoretical yield of aluminum chloride (in grams) that can be
produced from 10.00 grams of aluminum metal.
b. An experiment was performed and obtained 25.23 grams of aluminum chloride.
Determine the percent yield of aluminum chloride.
c. Determine the percent error.
d. Compute for the excess amount of the excess reactant.

2. V(s) + O2(g) V2O3(s)

50.94 g/mol 32.00 g/mol ∆ 149.88 g/mol

a. Calculate the theoretical yield of vanadium (III) oxide, assuming you begin with
200.00 grams vanadium metal.

14
 b. After the experiment is performed, an experimental yield of 183.2 grams is
produced. Calculate the percent yield for this experiment.
c. Determine the percent error.
d. Compute for the excess amount of the excess reactant.

3. KI(aq) + H2O(l) + KMnO4(aq) I2(s) + MnO2(s) + KOH(aq)

166.0 /mol 18.02 g/mol 158.03 g/mol 253.80 g/mol 86.97 g/mol 56.11 g/mol

a. Calculate the mass of manganese (IV) oxide that can be synthesized from
15.00 grams of potassium iodide.
b. Calculate the percent yield of this experiment if a mass of 1.982 grams of
manganese (IV) oxide is produced.
c. Determine the percent error.
d. Compute for the excess amount of the excess reactant.

Activity 2: Let’s Go Online…

Direction: Refer to the following sites/links for further discussions on how to calculate the
theoretical yield using stoichiometry and percent yield using the formula. Give your
comprehensive summary and personal reflection on what you have learned from the videos.
Write your answers on a separate paper.

https://bit.ly/3gEnN4f
https://bit.ly/2CjAYIS
https://bit.ly/3edzFIM
https://bit.ly/3faDK1W

What I Have Learned

Tell Me What You Know

Based on what you have learned from this lesson, briefly discuss the following questions. Limit
your answers to 3-5 sentences. Use a separate paper for your answers.

1. Why is it important to calculate the percent yield in a chemical reaction?

2. In a chemical reaction, explain the difficulty in obtaining the theoretical yield.
3. Discuss the reason why is it, that the actual yield is often lesser than the theoretical
yield?
4. Which is more important to determine in a chemical reaction, the limiting reactant or
the excess reactant? Elaborate your answer.
5. Why do you need to balance first the chemical equation before proceeding to the
calculations of theoretical yield and percent yield?

15
 What I Can Do

Step-by-step…

Direction: Carefully read the following word problems. From the knowledge and skills in
computation that you have acquired in this lesson, do the following:

a. Balance the chemical equation;

b. Identify the limiting reactant and the excess reactant if applicable;
c. Compute for the theoretical yield;
d. Determine the percent yield of the reaction;
e. Calculate the percent error and
f. Compute for the excess amount of the excess reactant if applicable.
g. Show the complete solutions for your answers in a separate paper.

1. Eighty grams of Silver was obtained from one hundred and forty grams of Silver nitrate.
The Silver metal is prepared by reducing its nitrate. The chemical equation of the
reaction is:

Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s)

2. A hundred grams of Sulfuric acid yielded ten grams of water.

H2SO4(l) H2O(l) + SO3(l)

3. Fifty grams of Chlorine reacts completely with Phosphorus obtaining ninety grams of
the product.
P4(s) + Cl2(g) PCl3(l)

4. Aspirin is one of the products when you mix Salicylic acid and Acetic anhydride. One
kilogram of Salicylic acid produced one thousand and two hundred grams of Aspirin.
C7H6O3(s) + C4H6O3(l) C9H8O4(s) + CH3COOH(l)

16
Summary

The Law of Conservation of Mass provides that the amount of substances formed
(product) in a chemical reaction must be equal to the amount of the initial materials (reactants).
The stoichiometric coefficient balances the number of elements present on the left and right
sides of the equation. This coefficient can be used to determine the mole-mole factor or ratio
between and among substances involved (both product and reactant). The mole method
approach makes stoichiometric calculation easier by expressing the known and unknown
quantities in moles then convert it to grams using the molar mass of the substance. In some
reactions, an excess amount of a less expensive reagent (reagent in excess) is added to
make sure that the more expensive reagent is completely converted to a product. The
chemical reaction will stop when all the limiting reagent is used up. Most of the time, the
expected amount of product (theoretical yield) is not the same as the actual amount
produced in the reaction (actual yield). The efficiency of the conducted reaction is determined
by computing the percent yield which is the ratio of the actual yield and the theoretical yield
multiplied by 100. The closer the value of the percent yield to 100, the more efficient is the
reaction.

17
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions. Read and understand each question and select the letter of the best answer
from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following equations best represent the law of conservation of mass?
𝐴. 𝐴 + 2𝐵 → 3𝐴𝐵 C. 6𝐴2 𝐵 → 12𝐴 + 𝐵
B. 2𝐴2 + 8𝐵 → 4𝐴𝐵2 D. 2𝐴𝐵3 → 2𝐴 + 2𝐵

2. Which of the following statements is true about stoichiometric coefficient?

A. It is written to make the number of each element in a chemical equation the same
in the reactant and product side.
B. the sum of all coefficients in the left must be equal to the sum of all coefficients on
the right side of the equation.
C. It is the subscript written after each element.
D. None of the above.

3.. In a chemical reaction, stoichiometry refers to:

A. Amount of materials consumed and products formed.
B. the activation energy
C. the rate of reaction
D. reaction in equilibrium

For items 4 to 6. In the reaction 2H2 + CO → CH3OH, 6.8 g carbon monoxide gas was made
to react with 7.2 g of hydrogen gas. The reaction produced 5.2 g of methanol.

4. Which is the limiting reagent?

A. Hydrogen C. methanol
B. Carbon monoxide D. CO2

5. What is the theoretical yield?

A. 57.6 g C. 7.8 g
B. 50.4 g D. 6.8 g
6. What is the percent yield?
A. 76% C. 68%
B. 78% D. 67%

For items 7 to 10, base your answer on the combustion of butane (C4H10) as shown in the
reaction:
2𝐶4 𝐻10 (𝑔) + 13𝑂2 (𝑔) → 8𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 10𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙)

7. What is the mole-mole factor of butane and water?

A. 10:2 C. 8:10
B. 2:13 D. 2:10

8. which pair has the mole-mole factor of 8:10?

A. Butane and oxygen C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Carbon dioxide and water D. Water and butane
 9. If 65.3 moles of oxygen gas are consumed, how many moles of carbon dioxide are
produced?
A. 526.4 moles C. 40.2 moles
B. 106.1 moles D. 8.16 moles

10. How many grams of C4H10 are needed to produce 37.8 moles of CO2?
A. 453.6 grams C. 2.607 grams
B. 548.1 grams D. 8769.6 grams

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 20
Lesson 1:
What’s New:
1. 5 𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 + 1 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘⬚ →
1𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘⬚
2. 20
3. 250
What’s More
1. a. 2 𝐹𝑒(𝑠) + 3 𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 (𝑠)
b. 2:1
c. 19.7 mol 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3
d. 159.8 g/mol 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3
e. 8.95 g O2
2. a. 2:3
b. 122.6 g/mol KClO3
c. 24.4 mol KClO3
d. 345.9 g KCl
What I Can Do
1. a. 17 g/mol NH3
b. 132 g/mol (NH4)2SO4
c. 2:1
d. 18.78 mol (NH4)2SO4
e. 12.9 g NH3
2.a. 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 → 2𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐶𝑂2
b. 1:2
c. 180 g/mol 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6
d. 46 g/mol 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻
e. 504.5 g ethanol
Lesson 2: What’s More
1) a. 0.60 mol ZnS
b. 54.57 g ZnS 1. B 1. B
c. Zn 2. A 2. A
d. 1.28 g S 3. A 3. A
2) a. 3.16 mol NaAlO2 4. B 4. D
b. 268.6 g NaAlO2 5. C 5. B
c. NaOH 6. D 6. C
d. 3 g Al 7. D 7. B
3) a. FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 → 8. B 8. B
Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgCl 9. C 9. C
b. 76.8 mol AgCl 10. B 10. D
c. 10240.5g AgCl
d. AgNO3
e. FeCl3 Post Test Pretest
Key to Answers
Lesson 3 Encircle Me

21
References
Chang, Raymond. Chemistry, 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 2009.

"Chapter 7.4: Stoichiometry." Chemistry LibreTexts. Last modified June 5, 2019.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Howard_University/General_Chemistry%3A_An_Atoms_First_Ap
proach/Unit_3%3A_Stoichiometry/Chapter_7%3A_Stoichiometry/Chapter_7.4%3A_Stoichiometry.

Department of Education Central Office, Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS), Manila,
2020.

Khan Academy. "Stoichiometry | Chemical reactions and stoichiometry | Chemistry | Khan Academy."
YouTube. August 27, 2009. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjQG3rKSZUQ.

Kron, Dean. “How Big is the Balloon?” Minnesota Science Teachers Education Project.
https://bit.ly/2Su64Wt. 2019

"Limiting Reagents Practice Problems". 2020. Chemistry.Wustl.Edu. Accessed July 12.

http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Plink/limreag/probsetlr.htm.

"Limiting Reagent Stoichiometry (Practice)". 2020. Khan Academy. Accessed July 12.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-reactions-stoichiome/limiting-reagent-
stoichiometry/e/limiting_reagent_stoichiometry.

Maribel, Melissa. "How to Calculate Percent Yield and Theoretical Yield The Best Way - TUTOR
HOTLINE." YouTube. April 30, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MebTIQNRU5g.

Patalinghug, Wyona C., Camacho, Vic Marie I., Sevilla, Fortunato B., Singson, Maria Cristina D.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School: General Chemistry I. Commission on Higher Education.
Quezon City, Philippines, 2016

"Quiz #2-4 PRACTICE: Balancing Equations & Mole Ratios | Mr. Carman's Blog".
2020. Kentschools.Net. Accessed July 15. https://www.kentschools.net/ccarman/cp-
chemistry/practice-quizzes/quiz-2-4/.

"Stoichiometry--Molar Mass, Mole Ratios - Quiz". 2020. Quizizz.Com. Accessed July 12.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/58b47527b60c1ba227b6927c/stoichiometry-molar-mass-mole-ratios.

The Organic Chemistry Tutor. 2015. How To Calculate Theoretical Yield And Percent Yield. Video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtAj0s203CI.

The Organic Chemistry Tutor. 2017. Stoichiometry Mole To Mole Conversions - Molar Ratio Practice
Problems. Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zmeVamEsWI.

TheChemistrySolution. 2012. Theoretical, Actual And Percent Yield Problems - Chemistry Tutorial.
Video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmsKDK9WXdE.

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