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AP BIOLOGY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Teacher Packet
AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not
involved in the production of this material.
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Photosynthesis
Objective
To review the student on the concepts and processes necessary to successfully answer
questions over the process of photosynthesis.
Standards
Photosynthesis is addressed in the topic outline of the College Board AP Biology Course
Description Guide as described below.
AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not
involved in the production of this material.
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Photosynthesis
With the aid of the enzyme Rubisco, RuBP (5-C compound) captures CO2 and surrounding H+ to form an
unstable 6-C compound.
The 6-carbon compound immediately splits into two 3-C PGA molecules
Electrons and energy from NADPH and ATP created in the light dependent reactions is used to convert PGA to
form G-3-P (PGAL)
Two molecules of 3-C G-3-P are used to form a molecule of 6-C glucose
Most PGAL molecules are used to form RuBP to start system again…Krebs CYCLE
The problem of dehydration: Recall that the stomata allow for the diffusion of O2 and CO2 into and out of the
leaves. Realize that H2O can also leave (dehydration) through the stomata. At first glance, one would assume that
the answer is to close stomata during the hot summer days to avoid dehydration. However, the light dependent
reactions are producing O2 at a high rate on a hot, sunny day resulting increased photorespiration.
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Photosynthesis
Examples: CAM is common in cacti and other succulent plants as well as pineapples and other bromeliads
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Photosynthesis
Multiple Choice
1. The color with the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum is:
(A) orange
(B) red
(C) yellow
(D) blue
(E) green
2. If photosynthesis ceased occurring throughout the world, the ultimate effect would be:
(A) mosses
(B) ferns
(C) algae
(D) fungi
(E) leafy plants
(A) oxygen
(B) carbon dioxide
(C) chlorophyll
(D) sunlight
(E) NADP+
A CO2 is required for the Calvin cycle. NADP+ extracts electrons from the light independent reactions.
Sunlight is required to excited electrons in chlorophyll. O2 is produced in photosynthesis; it is not
required for photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis
6. The oxygen produced in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis comes from
(A) ATP
(B) water
(C) carbon dioxide
(D) NADP+
(E) chlorophyll
B H2O is split to in order to provide electrons to chlorophyll in photosystem II. A byproduct of the
splitting of 2 H2O molecules is 4H+ and an O2.
7. During photosynthesis the compound that is incorporated into existing organic molecules to build
carbohydrates is
(A) ATP
(B) NADP+
(C) chlorophyll
(D) water
(E) carbon dioxide
8. The waxy cuticle found on the leaves of many higher plants functions to
C The adaptation of the cuticle serves to avoid dehydration. Gas transfer is the function of stomata.
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Photosynthesis
(A) provide a fluid environment for the reactions in the light phase
(B) control the amount of light that reaches the chlorophyll
(C) convert chlorophyll a into various accessory pigments
(D) provide increased membrane surface area for the reactions in the light phase
(E) accumulate glucose molecules for distribution to other plant cells
D Just like cristae in the mitochondria, the thylakoids function to increase surface area. Light dependent
reactions take place on the thylakoid surface.
10. Accessory pigments such as chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, and carotenoids are important in photosynthesis in
that they are able to
A Accessory pigments are able to absorb different wavelengths when compared to chlorophyll a the
primary photosynthetic pigment.
(A) glucose
(B) water
(C) NADP+
(D) ATP
(E) carbon dioxide
B H2O is responsible for replenishing electrons “lost” from photosystem II. An electron source is
necessary as the electrons are not recycled. The electrons eventually reside in glucose/starch.
12. Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) is important in the light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) as the molecule
that
C With the aid of the rubisco enzyme RuBP combines with CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle.
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Photosynthesis
E RuBP and CO2 combine to form an unstable molecule that will later be broken down into PGA. The
synthesis of ATP and NADPH both occur in the light dependent reactions.
B Two G-3-P molecules will combine to form a glucose. In addition several G-3-P molecules will
continue in the CYCLE.
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Photosynthesis
I. Grana
II. Stroma
III. Stomata
IV. Chlorophyll
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II
(D) II and III
(E) III only
16. Region(s) of chloroplasts where light dependent and light independent reactions occur
(A) I only
(B) I and II
(C) II only
(D) II and III
(E) I and III
B The light dependent reactions occur on the thylakoids of grana. The light independent reactions occur
in the stroma.
(A) I and II
(B) II only
(C) I and III
(D) IV only
(E) II and IV
D Electrons in chlorophyll molecules are excited when exposed to the appropriate wavelength of light.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II only
(D) II and III
(E) III only
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Photosynthesis
C The reactants for the Calvin cycle occur are transferred to the bundle sheath cells during C-4
photosynthesis.
20. The adaptive advantage of plants with a C-4 pathway include the ability to photosynthesize faster than
plants with a typical C-3 pathway under all of the following conditions EXCEPT
C High turgor pressure in guard cells would imply that stomata are open. When stomata are open,
adequate CO2 is entering and O2 is not trapped. C-4 plants specialize in situations of low CO2
concentration.
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Photosynthesis
Free Response
1. Photosynthesis is often described as two series of reactions, the light-dependent and the light-
independent or Calvin cycle reactions.
A. Describe all steps that occur in the light-dependent reactions, including raw materials, energy transfer,
and products.
(8 pt maximum)
B. Explain how the products of the light-dependent reactions are necessary to drive the reactions of the
Calvin cycle.
(4 pt maximum)
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Photosynthesis
Free Response
2. Describe and discuss the C-4 pathway that can occur in some photosynthetic plants. Include in your
discussion:
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Photosynthesis
Photosystem II Photosystem I
chlorophyll a
absorbs P700 photon; re-energizes
electron; passes the e- to an acceptor
H2O e- + H+ + O2
-
loses electron (e )
NOTE:
Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment in all photosynthesizing organisms except bacteria.
Other accessory pigments (chlorophyll b, carotenoids, etc.) are able to absorb different wavelength of
light and can pass the energy to chlorophyll a.
Photosystem I was discovered first and evolved very early; Photosynthesis II evolved later and occurs
in plants most plants.
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Photosynthesis
(B) ___________
(pigment)
(E) ____________
LIGHT CALVIN
REACTION CYCLE (H) ____________
(F) ____________
(I) ____________
(J) ___________
ADP + Pi ATP carbon dioxide chlorophyll glucose light NADP+ NADPH oxygen water
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Photosynthesis
12 NADPH
12 NADP+
10 PGAL
3-Carbon
12 PGAL
3-Carbon
1Glucose
6-Carbon
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Copyright © 2008 Laying the Foundation®, Inc., Dallas, TX. All rights reserved. Visit: www.layingthefoundation.org