CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature is a key step in research process. it is referring to an

extensive, exhaustive and systematic examination of publications relevant to the
research project. nursing research may be considered a continuing process in
which knowledge gained from earlier studies is an integral part of research in a
general. before any research can be started whether it is a single study or an
extended project, a literature reviews of previous studies an experience related to
the proposed investigations should be done. one of the most satisfying aspect of
the literature review is the contribution it makes to the new knowledge insight, and
general scholarship of researches.

The review of literature is presented under the following headings:

Section A) A review of literature related to perception regardi e- learning

Section B) A review of literature related to attitude regarding e- learning

Section A )A review of literature related to perception regarding e learning:

Kalpana Ramachandran et.al (2021) has stated Perception of medical students about
online learning in the COVID-19. This survey analyses the perception A cross-sectional
descriptive questionnaire based study was done and first year medical students were asked
to respond. The respondents were asked to answer the questions in Likert-scale, from 1-5.
Statistical analysis was done and Test for one proportion was calculated using ‘z’ test. A p-
value of <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 122 first year medical students
responded to the survey. The pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the
academic schedule. Although many challenges were faced by the teachers and learners,
internet connectivity continued to be a major problem in online education. It is the duty of
every educationist to ensure an uninterrupted, continuous an effective process of teaching
and learning6
Md. Emran Hossain et.al (2021) conducted study Students’ Perception of Online Class
During Covid19 Pandemic: An Ordered PROBIT Model Estimation based on a telephone
survey among 200 public university students in Bangladesh. Our ordered probit model
estimation shows that gender, living area, money spending for online classes, academic
grade, internet problem, consideration of online class as a good alternative, considering
whether teachers are skilled or not significantly affect the students’ perception of online
class. Students having lower facilities, for example internet problems, living in rural areas,
unskilled teachers, lower spending (because of poor economic status) tend to choose a very
bad perception of online class. Besides students with lower grades, students who don’t
consider online classes as a good alternative and female students tend to choose very bad
perceptions of online class7

Aziz Ansari et .al (2021) conducted study on Perception of Online Teaching and Learning
Among Health Sciences Students in Higher Education Institutions  An online computer-based
cross-sectional study was conducted A pre-validated questionnaire was used and
administrated to health sciences students studying at Dammam Universities through online
software Question  Out of total 281, 68% of the participants were females (n=188) while
31.9% (n=88) were male students with an average age of 23.1(4.5) years. Overall, 176 (62%)
of the students expressed their satisfaction with online learning. 20

Arshad Khan et.al (2020) reveled quantitative study well as descriptive study about
Students’ Perception towards E-Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in India the perception
on and attitude of students in regard to the effectiveness of e-learning during COVID-19 The
study reveals the preferences of students for e-learning as it provides them much freedom
to connect with their teachers, fellow students and engage with their study materials at the
comfort space and time21

Dr. Shruti Nagar (2020) has stated Students’ perception towards e-learning and
effectiveness of online sessions amid Covid-19 Lockdown Phase in India In this study primary
and secondary data sources have been used. The data is collected through self-
administered, online circulated, structured questionnaire, which has fetched 182 responses
from 16 states of India. The respondents were the students who are using e-learning
sources to complete their regular courses or for skill development, during lockdown. The
suitable statistical tools have been used to validate and analyse the data. Major There is
considerable percentage of the respondents who have used the e-learning mode of
education for the first-time during lockdown phase which affects the perception of the
students towards e learning as well as effectiveness of cessation 22

Abhinandan Kulal et.al (2020), conducted a study on perception of teachers and students
toward online classes in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District. The study aims at analyzing
the perception of teachers and students about online classes. The data was collected
through two separate structured questionnaires for students and teachers in Dakshina
Kannada and Udupi District in Karnataka. Data were recorded in SPSS and analyzed by using
descriptive statistics. The study reveals that students are comfortable with online classes
and are getting enough support from teachers but they do not believe that online classes
will replace traditional classroom teaching. It also finds that teachers are facing difficulties in
conducting online classes due to a lack of proper training and development for doing online
classes. Technical issues are the major problem for the effectiveness of the online classes 8

Mahajan Kalpana. Et.al (2018) conducted quantitative study of students’ perception

about e-learning with a structured questionnaire were used for data collection and it was
presented to 150 respondents . 98% agree to find e-learning useful and 86% M and 94% F
are motivated to use it. 81%M and 88% F find e-learning to be of interactive mode and 74%
M with 83% F. The study clearly depicts that e-learning has its benefits from a student's
perspective and it will have a positive influence on their performance with better
understanding of their courses. 9

M.M. Abbad et.al (2011) has brought an interest and encouragement to some researchers
to examine and evaluate the values perceived from the online learning. The purpose of this
study is to evaluate the students’ perception of the e-learning system at Paisley University.
This study evaluates several factors influencing the perceptions of the undergraduate
students who undertaken the information management course. In this research study, 134
students voluntarily participated to answer the questionnaire, whereas the total number of
the students undertaking the course was 137 students. , the results showed that the main
factors that affect the students’ perception of e-learning are enhancement, ease of use,
flexibility, motivation, role of instructor, and the usefulness. . It was notable, that both of
the usefulness and the ease of use factors have the highest mean score between all other
factors. This study increases the literature in some factors that influence the learners’
adoption of e-learning systems10

B.A review of literature related to attitude regarding e- learning

Dr. Arjun Chandra Das et.al (2021) conducted study on Attitude of Secondary School
Students towards Online Education during Covid-19 in West Bengal Descriptive Survey study
and quantitative study. A total number of 240 selected as a sample. close-ended
questionnaire for higher secondary students to study the attitude towards online education.
The questionnaire is a Likert type scale, which consists of 40 items There is no significant
difference among the gender, locality, and stream of study of higher secondary students
towards online education11

Pritilata Pegu Doley (2020) conducted survey among on B.Ed. trainee’ s attitude towards e-
learning where it aims to study the attitude of B.Ed. trainees towards e-learning in general
and to study the attitude of male and female, urban and rural, married and unmarried
trainees in particular. For this purpose, 100 samples were collected where 50 were male and
50 female and 50 urban and 50 from rural, 50 married and 50 unmarried. A standardized
test was administered to collect data from the sample Collected data were organized and
tabulated on the basis of scores and used Mean, Standard deviation and‘ t’ test for analyzing
collected data. In this study, it is found that the B.Ed. trainees have different levels of
attitudes and there is no difference in attitudes of male and female and married and
unmarried trainees of Pragyajyoti B.Ed. College. On the other hand it has been found that
there is significance difference in the attitudes of urban and rural trainees of B.Ed. College 12

Kiran Odit-Dookhan (2018) conducted survey on Attitude towards e leaning the Ccase of
mauriti student in public teis using structured questionnaire to target university students
from public HEIs in Mauritius. Out of a sample of 200 respondents only 156 questionnaires
were received back where only 150 were found reliable for testing. Data collected was
statistically examined using SPSS and the research hypotheses were tested using regression
analysis. The results reveal that students are adopting technologies in their studies and wish
to use it in a more progressive way13

Dr. Ishmirekha Handique Konwar(2017) conducted Quantitative research .Survey method

is used to collect the data A Study on Attitude of College Students towards E-learning with
Special Reference to North Lakhimpur of Lakhimpur District, Assam Sample of 200 college
students were randomly selected Gender male 111 and female 89 according locality rural
104male ane 96 feamale Attitude Towards e-learning Scale developed by Dimpal Rani was
used to collect the data. The scale has four major areas, viz., 1. E- Learning interest, 2.
Usefulness, 3. Ease of e-learning and 4. E-learning confidence. The 65 items (both positive
and negative type) have been distributed in these four areas. The study revealed that the
college students have positive attitudes towards elearning14

Hiren Joshi et.al (2017) revel that Students’ Attitude towards E-learning From 80 final year
students 56 participated in the study. The survey was prepared online and hyperlink to the
survey was distributed to students using mobile group messaging application. . The main
aim of the study was to gauge students’ attitude towards the use of E-learning systems. We
analyzed their attitude with respect to gender, locality and social category. there is a highly
positive incline of diploma engineering students towards the usage of E-learning. Also this
attitude is not affected by differences in gender, locality or social category of students 15

F. AKIMANIMPAYE AND L.P. FAKUDE (2015) conducted survey of Attitudes of

undergraduate nursing students towards e-learning at the University of the Western Cape,
South Africa among 213 undergraduate nursing students to assess their attitudes toward e-
learning. The study employed a survey methodology based on the questionnaire that was
distributed randomly to students to assess their attitudes towards e-learning, and to
establish whether any existing demographical factors impacted on the students’ use of e-
learning. From a valid response rate of 86%, the statistical analysis revealed that learner
satisfaction was influenced by perceived ease of use, gender, and study-year level of
respondents. The findings demonstrate a favourable attitude towards e-learning among
nursing students at the University of the Western Cape 16