PRLR15-Mechatronics and Industrial

Automation Lab
Lab Report:2
Name: Sree Ranjane M K
Roll Number: 114119109
Experiment Number: 2
Date: 20-08-2021
Aim: To design, construct, simulate, study, and understand the working principle of
hydraulic pump and hydraulic actuators.
Components Required:
1. Double Acting Cylinder (DCA) – 1 number.
2. Single Acting Cylinder (SCA-PR) – 1 number.
3. Variable Displacement Pump.
4. Tank (5 numbers).
5. Directional Control Valve (DCV) – [4/n Way Valve (2 numbers), 3/n Way Valve (1
number)].
6. Manometer.
7. Hydraulic Motor.
8. Pressure Relief Valve (PRV).
Circuit Description:
• Actuator (Double Acting Cylinder, Single Acting Cylinder): A hydraulic motor
is a mechanical hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy or hydraulic
pressure into torque and angular displacement/rotation. They have a port at
each end and move the piston forward and back by transfer of the hydraulic
oil, necessary when a load must be moved in both directions such as opening
and closing doors. The force exertion in a Single acting cylinder would only be
in one direction and would be in dual directions in a Double acting cylinder.
Because of the difference in the area present in a double acting cylinder, there
would be more force in extension than retraction.
• Pump: They are used to transfer the hydraulic oil from the tank into the system
with the aid of seals or valves.
• Tank: It is used to store the hydraulic oil which is to be supplied to the circuit
and stores the oil which comes back in return line.
• Direction control valves: A directional control valve is the extend and retract
control for your hydraulic cylinders. It provides a flow path from the pump to
the cylinders and a return path from the cylinders to the fluid reservoir.
Directional control valves perform only three functions: stop fluid flow; allow
fluid flow and change direction of fluid flow.
 • Manometer: A manometer is an instrument used to measure and indicate
pressure.
• Hydraulic Motor: A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts
hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement (rotation).
The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder as a
linear actuator.
• Pressure Relief Valve: A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of
safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; pressure might
otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure,
or fire. The pressure is relieved by allowing the pressurized fluid to flow from
an auxiliary passage out of the system.
Working of the Circuits:
1. In the initial phase, when the direction control valve is not used, the hydraulic
oil flows
through the hydraulic motor after the pump is turned on.
2. Now when the direction of the flow is reversed with the help of a direction
control valve for the single and double acting cylinders, the piston moves to
the right due to extreme pressure created by the hydraulic oil. The velocities in
which the piston moves are noted for the corresponding rpm the pump uses.
3. After the purpose of the actuator is achieved, the piston is made to return to
the initial position manually through the DCV.
4. The pump is turned off.
Inference:
The velocity of the pistons maintains a linear relationship with the speed at which
the pump pushes the fluid into the hydraulic circuit. But the velocity of the piston
retraction in the single acting cylinder would be constant as it is spring returned. It
would be independent of whatever speed (rpm) the pump uses.
Results:
Thus, the design, construction, stimulation and study on the working of the
hydraulic system is performed.
Simulated Circuit with State Diagram using FluidSIM-H:

Before Actuation (Snapshot)

After Actuation (Snapshots)
State Diagram