Osteology of Mandible

Dr Yamini Rampriya
2nd Year M.D.S
Dept. Of Prosthodontics
A.E.C.S Maaruti Dental College
Agenda

1 2 3 4
Introduction Mandibular Prosthodontic Artificial Bone
Bone Consideration Grafts
INTRODUCTION
- Osteology ( Greek “osteon” – bone, logos –
science) – The branch of medicine
concerned with
the development and diseases of the bone
tissue.
Also it is the scientific study of the bone.
 Mandible
Mandible is the
largest and strongest
bone of the face .
1.Horse shoe shaped
body

It Consists of

2.A pair of rami

Body of the Mandible
Outer
Surfaces
Inner

Upper
(alveolar)
Borders
Lower
(base)
Outer Surface
SYMPHYSIS MENTI
THE MENTAL
PROTUBERANCE
MENTAL FORAMEN
THE EXTERNAL
OBLIQUE RIDGE
THE INCISIVE FOSSA
Inner
Surface
MYLOHYOID
RIDGE
1 ) S U B M A N DI BU LA R
FOS SA
2 ) S U B L I N GUA L
FOS SA
M Y LO H YO I D G RO OV E
G E N IAL T U B E RC L ES
BOR DE RS
UPPER
LOWE R
RAMUS -
SURFACES
L AT E RAL S U R FACE
L AT E R A L S U R FAC E
M A N D IBUL AR
FO R A M IN
LINGULA
M YLO H YO ID GRO OV E
BORDERS
UPPER
LOW E R
A N T E R IOR
P O ST E R IOR
 PROCESSES
CO NDY L AR P RO C ES S
CO RO NOID PRO C ES S
ANGLE OF
THE
MANDIBLE
 Second Bone to Ossify Following Clavicle

The Greater Part Ossifies in Membrane

Ossification
of Mandible The Part Ossifying in Cartilage Includes

• Incisive Part
• Coronoid and Condylar Processes
• Upper Half of Ramus

Ossification Centre Appears at About 6th Week of

Intra Uterine Life in the Mesenchymal Sheath of
Meckels Cartilage Near the Future Mental Foramen
 AGE CHANGES IN MANDIBLE

AT BIRTH ADULT OLD AGE

1) Mental foramen Nearer the lower Midway bet U&L Nearer the upper
border borders border
2) Angle of the Obtuse Right angle (about Obtuse
mandible 110°-120°)
3) Coronoid & Coronoid process is Condyloid process is Condyloid process is
condyloid process larger & above the above the level of above the level of the
level of condyloid coronoid process coronoid process but
process in extreme old age it
is bent backwards
4) Mandibular canal Lies a little above the Runs nearly parallel Runs close to the
level of the with the mylohyoid upper or alveolar
mylohyoid line line border
5) Symphysis menti Present, Represented by a Not recognizable or
The bone remains in faint ridge only in the absent
two halves united upper part
together by fibrous
tissue
6) Size of bone Decreased Increased Decreased

7) Depth of body Decreased height Height increases Because of the loss of

because of the teeth alveolar process
presence of teeth resorbs.
Body height reduced
Prosthodontic
Consideration
Mandibular
Bony
Landmarks
Buccal Shelf
➢Extends from buccal frenum to retromolar
pad
➢Between external oblique ridge and crest of
alveolar ridge
➢Primary stress bearing area(cortical bone)-
lies at right angles to vertical occlusal forces
External
Oblique Ridge
➢A bony ridge runs
antero-posteriorly
outside the buccal shelf
➢Denture border 1-2 mm
beyond this ridge
Alveolar
Ridge
➢Residual bone with
mucous membrane.
➢Crest to be relieved.
➢Buccal and lingual slopes
are secondary stress
bearing areas.
Mylohyoid
Ridge
➢Attachment for the
mylohyoid muscle
➢Sharp or irregular
covered by the mucous
membrane
➢Trauma from denture
base –relief necessary
Genial
Tubercle
➢Lies away from the crest
of the ridge
➢Prominent in Resorbed
ridges
➢Adequate relief to be
provided
Bone Grafts
in Implant
Dentistry
R ES IDUAL R I DG E R ES ORPTION BON Y DE F EC TS - I N F EC TION
AV U L S I ON O F 2 LOW ER
IN CIS ORS A N D A STE P IN THE
O C C LU SAL PL A N E
A S S O C I ATED W I TH A
M A N D IBU L AR SYM PH YS EA L
F R AC TU RE
Peri Implant Defect: Periimplantitis
 The Alloplast
➢Osteoconductive

➢Synthetically produced: No disease transmission

➢Ceramic based bone graft substitutes

➢ Calcium Sulphate
➢ Osteoset (60 Days)
➢ Calcium Phosphate
➢ Hydroxyapatite (HA): Incompletely Resorbed
➢ Tri Calcium Phosphate: Completely Resorbed
➢ Bioactive glass
➢ Pro-osteon

➢Polymer based bone graft substitutes

G U I D O R ® e a s y - g r a f t ( S U N S TA R
GUIDOR) presents a homogenous
moldable mass, which is applied
directly from the syringe. It is an
alloplastic material, which comes in
tcp-only and TCP -HA combinations.
Compaction of the GUIDOR® easy -
graft causes blood to permeate the
space between the granules. The
material quickly hardens in contact
with blood, forming a scaffold of
interconnected granules, to fit the
d e f e c t m o r p h o l o g y. I n l a r g e r
defects, a second application can
be applied immediately after the
first.

Bioactive glass in the monolithic form
used as a graft for bone regeneration
Bioactive Glass
➢Biologically active
➢Silicate based
➢High modulus and brittle
➢Used in combination with PMMA to form bioactive
bone cement
➢Intrinsic property Release mineral ions
Promote natural bone regeneration
➢Bio glass + Blood Bone Release silica ions
Osteoblast differentiation and proliferation
➢Fully absorbed Replaced by bone
➢Bioactive glass + Autographed 2 Times the
Natural bone regeneration
Polymer Based Bone
Graft Substitutes
➢Cortoss
➢Injectable resin
➢Used in load bearing sites
➢Bioactive glass ceramic + Methacrylates
 References
➢B D Chaurasia, Human Anatomy, Volume 3, Head-Neck Brain, 6th
edition
➢Orban, Oral Histology and Embryology, 12th edition, India,
Elsevier, 2006, Page number 186 – 187
➢Zarb – Bolender, Prosthodontic treatment for Edentulous patients,
12th edition, India, Elsevier, 2004, Page number 211 – 214 and 232
- 236
➢Misch C.E, Contemporary Implant Dentistry, 3rd Edition, Mosby,
2008, Page number 130 -144
➢Bone Grafts for Implant Dentistry, Dr. Fay Goldstep, Oral health
group, December 2015
➢Bone Substitutes: From basic science to clinical practise, G Milano
et al, NCBI.nlm.nih.gov
➢Kenhub.com
➢John Wiley & Sons