Muscles of Mastication

Introduction to the TMJ movements

Movements
1. Depression of mand. (mouth opening) 3 muscle groups ? * Main mover ?

2. Elevation: (mouth closing) 3 muscles?

3. Protrusion: (forwards) 3 muscles? main one? 4. Retrusion, Retraction: (backwards) by ?? 5. Lat. Movement to the sides: by ??

The chief muscles of mastication

Masseter muscle Temporalis muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle

Masseter muscle
Thick, somewhat quadrilateral muscle It has two heads: superficial and deep

Deep part Superficial part

The superficial portion of Masseter

The largest of the two heads

Origin: It arises by a thick, tendinous aponeurosis from the zygomatic process of the maxilla, and from the anterior two-thirds of the lower border of the zygomatic arch.
Insertion: Its fibers pass downward and backward, to be inserted into the angle and lower half of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.

The deep portion of Masseter muscle

Much smaller, but more muscular in texture

Origin: it arises from the posterior third of the lower border and from the whole of the medial surface of the zygomatic arch. Insertion: its fibers pass downward and forward, to be inserted into the upper half of the ramus
The deep portion of the muscle is related Ant.: the superficial portion Post.: the parotid gland. *The fibers of the two portions are continuous at their insertion.

 Action: elevates and protrudes the mandible thus closing the mouth; deep fibers retrudes it.

 Innervation: Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve through masseteric nerve which passes through ? To enter its deep surface.

 Blood supply: masseteric artery from maxillary artery From which part?

Temporalis muscle
is a broad, radiating muscle, situated at the side of the head. Origin: It arises from the whole of the temporal fossa and the deep surface of temporal fascia

Insertion: Its fibers converge as they descend, and end in a tendon, which passes deep to the zygomatic arch and is inserted into the medial surface, apex, and anterior border of the coronoid process, and the ant. Border of mandibular ramus

 Action: its anterior and middle fibers elevate the mandible thus closing the mouth; its posterior fibers retrudes it.

 Innervation: Deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve.

 Blood supply: Deep temporal branches of maxillary artery.

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Has two heads: superior and inferior Origin: the superior head arises from greater wing of sphenoid bone while the inferior head arises from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Insertion: fibers pass backward to be inserted into the neck of mandible and articular disc of TMJ.

 Innervation: Ant. division of mandibular nerve through lateral pterygoid nerve

 Blood supply: maxillary artery through the pterygoid branch. From which part?

 Action: acting together they protrude and depress the mandible;

acting alone and alternatively they produce side to side movements of the mandible. (rotates the mandible to the opposite side)

Medial pterygoid muscle

It has two heads: superficial and deep Origin: the superficial head arises from the maxillary tuberosity. The deep head arises from medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Insertion: fibers run downward, backward and laterally and are inserted into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible

 Innervation: main trunk of mandibular nerve through nerve to medial pterygoid Which muscles does it also innervate?

Blood supply: Maxillary artery through the medial pterygoid artery

 Action: assets in elevating and protrusion of the mandible acts together with lat. Pterygoid of the same side in rotating the mandible