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Module 4
Environmental Protection
The Earth will not continue to offer its harvest, except with faithful
stewardship. We cannot say we love the land and then take steps
to destroy it for use by future generations.
~ John Paul II
“PRE-FINALS MODULE”
In this Module
Environmental Protection and Management
Introduction
Environmental Protection and Management
Environmental Education is Important
Laws in Promoting Environmental Education
Seven Principles of Environment andEnvironmental Laws
The Seven Environmental Principles
Laws in Promoting Environment Protection
Forest Issues, Threat
and Protection
Deforestation
Republic Act 9175 and Executive Order No. 23, s. 2011
Department of Environment and Natural Resources & Forest
Management Bureau
Water Issues, Sanitation
and Conservation
Water Pollution
Water Sanitation and Conservation
Republic Act 9275
Other Environmental Concerns
Climate Change and Republic Act 9279
Pollution and Republic Act 8749
Biodiversity and Republic Act 9147
The Role of Youth in the Environmental Protection and
Management
Youth for a Cleaner and Greener Environment
Ways Youth Can do to Protect the Environment
Earth Day
Overview
Human beings have become the primary agents changing the conditions on the
earth. We have done this by tapping into the energy resources buried deep in our planet.
Natural gas provides energy for us to obtain supplies and power for our modern-day
businesses. But the abuse of these natural resources has led to serious consequences for our
environment, so much that we have had to enact laws to regulate our use of our earth’s
resources, and manage our environmental impact.
It can then be concluded that Environmental Management comes down to how we
use these natural resources in a way that is sustainable and creates the less environmental
impact.
This module starts with a brief overview of environmental education and protection,
its definition, and its importance. Next, this module will also discuss the seven principles of
the environment and the related laws in environmental protection. The module will end
discussing the role of the youth in the Environmental Protection and Management.
Introduction
Environmental education is a process which is very useful to human beings in order to
manage their environment well and instill the right behavior that serves as the key to
sustainable development (Labuguen et al., 2012).
It is a learning procedure that increases people's awareness and knowledge about the
ecosystem and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and competence to
address the challenges, and develops motivations, character, and commitments to create
informed decisions and take responsible action (UNESCO, 1978).
Activity The class plays the game “Scavenger Hunt." The teacher
will ask each student to make a list of the top 5 to 10
products they use each day.
Explanation:
What does your list/inventory tell you about the top 5 to 10 products that you use each
day at home?
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How would you manage to tell your parents about the result and suggest alternatives?
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Abstraction
Environmental Protection
The United Nations defines ‘Environmental protection’ as any movement that
involves maintaining or restoring the quality of “environmental media” by avoiding the
discharge of pollutants or lessening the existence of polluting substances. It may consist of:
changes in the characteristics of goods
services,
in consumption patterns,
changes in technique production
, treatment or disposal of residuals in
separate environmental protection
facilities,
recycling, and
prevention of degradation of the https://www.eurobiz.com.cn/what-
landscape and ecosystem. difference-does-a-year-make-chinas-
environmental-protection-law-one-
year-on/
It is an ethical commitment for people to secure the environment from contamination and
other activities that lead to environmental corruption. The organization Conserve Energy
Future emphasizes that environmental corruption is extremely critical to address as it
threatens animals, people, and plants' long-term well-being.
Air and water pollution, global warming, smog, acid rain, deforestation, and wildfires are just
few of the environmental issues that we are facing right now. It is everyone’s obligation to
take care of the environment to make this planet a wonderful place to live in. One does not
need to put lot of money to “go green” instead adopt simple changes in our daily lifestyle to
reduce your impact on the environment.
Environmental Management
It consists of organizing different environmental initiatives to address various
environmental issues that dramatically affect our planet earth. It also deals with trying to
prevent ecological disasters and aiding in ecological crises and trying to find appropriate
solutions. Environmental management looks at the land, marine, and atmospheric conditions;
and aims to address issues such as global warming, marine-life preservation, and
deforestation.
The fundamental aim of environmental management is making sure that we leave the
planet earth in a healthy state for future generations and to help preserve all forms of life. To
do so, environmental managers need to take a look at the ‘carbon footprint,’ defined by the
Oxford Dictionary as “the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted
due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person or group,” of the current human
generation and consider ways to reduce any irreversible damage we are leaving behind.
Carbon emissions are known to contribute to global warming, and in effect, climate change.
Application
Congrats! You have reached the end of this lesson! Great job! It is expected that you have
gained insights and meaningful experience in the definition of environmental protection and
management. Now, you are already prepared to move to Lesson 2 of this module.
Seven Principles of Environment
Lesson And Environmental Law
2
Objectives:
Identify and provide definition and context on the seven principles
of the environment;
Translate these environmental principles into concrete examples/
explanations based on the contemporary situation; and
Practice in daily life the prevailing thought in each principle.
Introduction
There is a single key to understanding the environmental problems that we encounter
today, and it is to learn about the ecosystem wherein we as humans live and move. This
lesson highlights the basic ecological principles, varied types of ecosystems, current
ecological issues, anthropogenic activities that threaten the environment, and the youth's role
in protecting our environment.
Activity
Search on Youtube
a video titled
“Environmental Principles
and Keystone Species – Puno
ng Buhay – Grade 7-10
Science.” Make sure to finish
watching the video and
provide what is/are asked in
the Analysis below.
Abstraction
unattractive, wriggly, and troublesome animals, this rule is uncommonly ignored. It is even
common for us to be disgusted by and kill any ‘ugly’ wriggling creature like worms without
considering what part they play in nature. All creatures, insects, and micro-living beings play
an important role in the circle of life.
Everything
There is an old saying, “Nothing is permanent in this world
changes
but change.” Change may be cyclical, random, or linear.
There is an old saying, “Nothing
Cyclical change is demonstrated by the seasons and the
rhythms inis flower
permanent in this
and faunal lifeworld
stagesbut
thatchange.”
go with the
seasons. An example of random change
Change may be cyclical, random, is the 1991or
eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, which brought extraordinary
linear. Cyclical change is demonstrated by
disturbance to parts of Luzon and changes within the
the seasons
land's geography. andlinear
Lastly, the rhythms inthe
change is flower and
progression
or the evolution of species,
faunal life which
stages that gohas brought
with higher and
the seasons.
more complex life forms. The environment is always
An example of random change is the 1991
changing. Living beings also emerge through time. On the https://www.iberdrola.com/environmen
eruption t/impacts-of-climate-change
other hand, man'sof Mt. Pinatubo,
innovation which brought
has significantly influenced
these common changes, and to an uncertain degree.
extraordinary disturbance to parts of Luzon and changes within the land's
geography. Lastly, linear change is the progression or the evolution of species, which has
brought higher and more complex life forms. The environment is always changing.
Living beings also emerge through time.
On the other hand, man's innovation has significantly influenced these common
changes, and to an uncertain degree.
Everything must go somewhere.
Ours is finite
earth
Planet earth's resources can be labeled either renewable or non-renewable.
Renewable resources like water, plants, and animals, can rapidly be restored by natural
cycles. In contrast, non-renewable resources like oil
and coal cannot be restored through natural cycles.
Even though renewable resources can be recharged, it
is imperative to note that these are renewable for as
long they are not abused or devastated by elements like
pollution. Information on the planet earth's restricted
assets leads to a conscious effort to change one's
consumerist perception, and create processes and
innovation that could bring effective recycling of an https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-
illustration-earth-as-green-environment-
incredible number of resources. distructed-illustration-image52555302
Republic Act 9003 – The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Enacted into law on January 26, 2001, this provides for the ecological solid waste
management program, and creates the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives,
appropriation of funds, and declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties.
Through this law, it becomes the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program which ensures the protection of public health
and the environment, utilize methods that maximize valuable natural resources but in a way
that is environmentally sound, conserve and recover these resources, and sets guidelines for
citizens on the reduction, recycling, reusing, and proper disposal of solid wastes.
The law also provides that of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation
and recovery topics are integrated into the academic curricula of Philippine schools at all
levels, in order to promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry.
These wastes should be contained separately per category, and properly secured
upon disposal.
Application
Everything is connected to
everything else.
Everything changes.
Everything must go
somewhere.
Ours is a finite Earth.
Congratulations! You have finally reached the end of the lesson 2. It is expected that
you have gained important insights that you can connect to the next lesson. So, continue
navigating this module and keep reading!
Lesson Forests Issues, Threat,
and Protection
3
Objectives:
Introduction
The country has a total land mass of approximately 30 million hectares (ha), 14.2
million (47.3%) of which was classified as alienable and disposable lands, while the other
15.8 million ha (52.7%) was identified as forestlands. These forestlands are then further
subdivided into closed or open forest formations, young natural stands, plantations, forest
nurseries, seed orchards, bamboo, palm, and fern (PNRPS, 2012). The country was
considered as one of the megadiverse regions with most tropical forests in the world,
nourishing biodiversity and carbon-rich ecosystems which “sequester carbon through
reforestation, agroforestry, and conservation of existing forests” as indicated by the lush
forest cover (Rubas-Leal et al. 2017 as cited by Domingo & Manejar, 2018).
In addition, Presidential Decree No. 75, issued in 1975, became the country's
blueprint of forest management. Forty-three years later, the same law was still practiced. It
has not been updated, revised, or improved into a Republic Act, which can strengthen the
forestry sector.
The past administrations believed two landmark executive orders in 2011 will solve
the problem pertaining to logging and reforestation. The influx of functional policies down
DENR's chain of command was all in the process of maintaining forestlands; however, the
sector still faced pressures and problems similar to developing countries with rich natural
resources, which eventually decreased the forest cover (Domingo & MAnejar, 2018).
These concerns included deforestation, illegal logging, and land conversions, among others.
In line with this, DENR and related institutions have put initiatives in place to mitigate the
problems. These were in the form of National Greening Programs and stricter implementation
of tree-cutting and earth balling permits.
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Abstraction
Trees and plants play a major part in the world’s initiatives to slow the
pace of climate change, preserve its wildlife, and support the lives and
livelihoods of billions of human beings. (Nunez, 2019)
But the mass destruction of trees and the ecosystems they support
continues at a rapid pace, and long-term benefits are sacrificed for short-term profits.
National Geographic reports that while forests still cover about 30% of the world’s
land area, they are disappearing at an alarming rate. For a period of 26 years between 1990
and 2016, the world lost 502,000 square miles (1.3 million square kilometers) of forest, which
is an area larger than South Africa. Since humans started sawing down forests, 46% of trees
have been felled, according to a 2015 study in the journal Nature. Even the ‘Earth’s lung,’ the
Amazon Rainforest, has seen 17% of its forest cover destroyed in the last half
century, with losses still continuing.
Deforestation
As the lead agency responsible for the formulation, implementation of policies and
guidelines, and rules related to environmental management, the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) also sets the rules and regulations that govern the
exploration, development, extraction, disposition, and use of forests, minerals, wildlife, and
other natural resources.
Meanwhile, it is the Forest Management Bureau of the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources that provides technical guidance to the central and field offices for the
effective protection, development, and conservation of forestlands and watersheds. The
bureau recommends policies and programs towards
the achievement of sustainable forest management,
based on science and principles of good forest
governance.
Increase in global warming – Lack of trees to absorb greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
increases its presence in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming
Increase in greenhouse gas emissions – Cutting and burning wood and other plant materials
contribute to the presence of emissions in the atmosphere
in the soil. When they are cut down, it can lead to floods in
Floods – Trees aid in retaining water
some areas and droughts in others.
Wildlife Extinction & Habitat Loss - Forests are home to a variety of plant and wildlife that
each do their part in maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
Wiping out forests means they lose
their home, and the balance of nature is disrupted.
Application
Congratulations! You have fully reached the end of lesson 3. It is expected that you have
gained important insights that you can connect to the next lesson. So, continue navigating this
module and keep reading!
Lesson Water Pollution, Sanitation
and Conservation
4
Objectives:
Identify what is the current crisis in the country about water and
sanitation;
Explore the RA 9275: The Philippine Clean Water Act;
Consider making active changes in lifestyle that contributes to
water conservation and protection.
Introduction
The main sources of water in the country are rivers, lakes, river basins, and
groundwater reservoirs. Cagayan River is regarded as the longest and largest river that
discharges approximately 53,943 million cubic meters of water annually. Its groundwater
reserves are 47,895 million cubic meters replenished by rainfall and seepage from rivers and
lakes. The lakes are utilized mainly for fish cultivation. The areas of Cagayan, Central Luzon,
Agusan, and Cotabato are the four major groundwater reservoirs of the country. There are
438 major dams and 423 smaller dams. Dams and reservoirs are mainly used for water
storage and supply, irrigation, regulation of flood, and hydropower.
Out of the more than 100 million people living in the Philippines, nearly seven million are
relying on unsafe and unsustainable water sources, and 24 million lack access to improved
sanitation. Despite the growing economy of the Philippines, it has a significant challenge in
terms of water and sanitation access like rapidly urbanizing, and its growing cities struggle to
provide new residents with adequate water and sanitation services.
Direction: Ask from your parent or guardian about your last three
months’ water bill. List it down in the WATER CONSUMPTION
Activity column. Interview any household member who is older than you about
your water consumption and then ask them for advice on how to
practice water conservation.
Water Water
Consumption Conservation
Make It
Personal
1. From the interview you have conducted, what have your learned
or discovered?
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Analysis ________________________________________________________
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Abstraction
Water Pollution
Water pollution is a broad term that
https://www.greenandgrowing.org/consequences-of-
describes any sort of contamination to bodies of water-pollution/
Water Sanitation
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that everyone in the world has
the right to water. Yet billions of people still have limited or no access to safe drinking water,
which WHO defines as water that is easily accessible, available when needed, contaminant-
The DOH provides the following ways of securing water from contamination during
handling, transport, and storage:
Always use clean water containers provided with cover
Wash containers after every use
Clean and disinfect storage tanks at least every quarter
Avoid hand contact with water during transport
This law provides for essential water quality management provisions for our resources in the
Philippines. The Clean Water Act states that while the government seeks economic
betterment for all by utilizing the country’s natural water resources, it will be within the
context of protecting, preserving, and even reviving the quality of our fresh, brackish, and
marine waters.
Draw a simple info graphic that involves one (1) fact about water. Be
creative.
Application
Congratulations! You have fully reached the end of lesson 4. It is expected that you
have gained important insights that you can connect to the next lesson. So, continue
navigating this module and keep reading!
Lesson Other Environmental
Concerns
5
Objectives:
Have an awareness of the problems facing the country in terms of
protecting and conserving our environment;
Utilize this awareness into action that is beneficial for the
environment; and
Integrate environmentally conscious practices in their day-to-day lives.
Introduction
The one constant factor about our environment is that it is in a constant state of
change. Yet what we need to be aware of is that as it is in fact always changing, then humans,
as the steward of the environment; need to become increasingly aware of the problems that
affect it.
Environmental problems are an economic problem as it is an ethical and political one.
The negative effects of pollution on the environment affect the poor the most, whose
livelihoods often involve labor and a strong dependency on these natural resources. The
United States government, through their USAID initiative, states that the continuous
ineffective management of solid waste can seriously degrade the country’s significant
biodiversity resources.
Activity
Observe your immediate weather condition for the day: notice how it changes?
Sometimes it is raining, other days it is not. But generally for us here in the Philippines, while
our weather can change, our climate is supposed to be constantly classified as tropical. And
herein lies the difference between Weather and Climate: time.
Climate is the condition of the atmosphere is over a long period of time, while weather is the
condition of our atmosphere over a short period. (NASA, 2005)
The climate of our Earth always experienced natural cycles, because of how much of
the sun’s energy our atmosphere has absorbed is always changing. In fact, over the past
650,000 years, the Earth has gone through five ice ages.
Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect
occurs when certain gases, which are
known as greenhouse gases, accumulate
in the Earth’s atmosphere. Greenhouse
gases include carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), https://medialibrary.climatecentral.org/resources/the-
greenhouse-effect
ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases.
(National Geographic)
The gases act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, trapping sunlight which
continually warms the Earth, thus the name, greenhouse gas.
Pollution
Pollution is one of the primary causes of many environmental concerns, including
climate change and biodiversity. (Environmental Technology)
https://tunza.eco-
generation.org/ambassadorReportView.jsp?viewID=37798
Soil Pollution
Also known as land pollution, this is
the contamination of the soil that
prevents the growth of natural life. It is
mostly attributed to non-sustainable
farming, hazardous wastage and
mining.
https://www.iberdrola.com/environment/soil-pollution-
causes-effects-solutions
Noise Pollution
Loud noises created by human activity
can disturb the living standards of
those nearby. Excessive noise also
leads to temporary or permanent
hearing loss, and can disturb nature or
wildlife in an affected area.
http://www.keepknoxvillebeautiful.org/kkb-
stories/2019/12/16/noise-pollution
Radioactive Pollution
Known as the most dangerous form of
pollution, as radiation can lead to mass
extinction of ecosystems, nature, and
humans. With the rise of nuclear and
atomic physics, radioactive pollution
has been on the rise.
https://powerphilippines.com/debunking-myths-
nuclear-energy/
Light Pollution
The disturbing over illumination of a
certain area that can interfere with
astronomical observation. For example,
if you can’t see the stars from your local
area, chances are you’re affected by
light pollution.
Source: Environmental Technology
https://theconversation.com/light-pollution-the-dark-
side-of-keeping-the-lights-on-113489
Biodiversity
Congratulations! You have reached the end of lesson 5. It is expected that you have
gained important insights that you can connect to the next lesson. So, continue navigating
this module and keep reading!
Lesson The Role of Youth in the Environmental
Protection and Management
6
Objectives:
Discuss how the youth can contribute to promoting environmental
protection and management;
Utilize their understanding into positive action that the actions of each
preceding generation have consequences on the next generation, and
Bear an active role in their individual responsibility in protecting their
environment.
Introduction
History has allowed us to see the past, and there remain many more rules, laws and
conventions that are made for protecting the environment, yet even until now, there is no
effective implementation. For this implementation, the youth play a vital role.
It is a fact that youth are the backbone of the nation. That they can change the future
of society with their well-being and courageous behavior (Acharya, 2013). However, the sad
truth is that the youth of today are not as engaged with national concerns. But comprising a
large part of the world's population, and inheriting a world their parents and grandparents left
for them, the youth will be th ones to live with the consequences of our present ecological
decisions. In addition, future generations will also be affected by these decisions, and again
the ones to come, so it is best to become involved with national concerns especially the
environment.
Activity
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Abstraction
Youth are back bone of the nation, and the future stewards of society.
They will be inheriting the world left behind by their elders, and will be
the ones who have to deal with the consequences of present actions.
Young people can take the lead in protecting and improving the
environment by involving their homes, schools, and organizations in practices that mitigate
environmental impacts. Engaging the youth in environmental protection not only creates
direct impact on changing their peers’ behaviors and attitudes, but also possibly that of their
parents, relatives and families.
However, to harness the talents and innovations of the youth, there is a need to ensure they
are equal partners in the measures toward environmental sustainability.
Earth Day
Every year on April 22, people all over the world observe Earth Day.
Celebrate Earth Day by inculcating these
environment-friendly tips into your daily life:
Become a waste warrior
Don’t just throw something right
away! See if it can serve another purpose.
Plant a Tree
We’ve already discussed how trees
are an important part of our Earth’s
ecosystems, so if you can do your part
when you can, then be proud to do so and
plant a tree! https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/mother-earth-
Turn off the lights day-lettering-planet_7089067.htm
The energy that is needed to keep our artificial lights shining bright means a
lot of fossil fuel is used,so turn it off when you can!
Limit your water usage
Clean, drinkable water is a luxury in many parts of the world, and incredibly
hard to come by. Do your part in conserving this important resource by turning off the
faucet when you aren’t using it, and keeping your usage to a limit.
Offer your time
Acts of service are one of the sincerest ways to participate in the Earth-saving
initiative, and if there are initiatives like gardening, clean up drives, or tree planting
activities available toyou, join in!
Spread the message
Talk to your friends and family members about what you’re doing and ask
them to help. The more people do, the better off our planet will be!
Application
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According to Labuguen, et al. ( 2012), all major natural resources in the country are in
grave danger of irreparable damage. The last hope of salvaging this grave situation is by
making the Millennials be aware that they need to proactively begin to protect the
environment they will inherit.
In addition, a society cannot survive if its natural resources are rendered unfit for use
by its people. Overconsumption of resources and over-population threaten the existence and
survival of many environmental products. Worse is the development of aggression in many
areas where natural resources have not been exploited.
The national concern of the environment is the attention given to educating the
Filipino youth on how to protect and preserve the existing resources, thus prevent it from
being exploited. There are also environmental movements that encourage and promote proper
zero-waste management.