See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/324360619

Behavior of Steel under Elevated Temperature- Experimental work

Experiment Findings · November 2013

CITATIONS READS
0 2,455

2 authors, including:

Maheshkumar Mahadev Bhanuse

MAHA Construction Sangli and MAHA Associates Sangli
32 PUBLICATIONS   8 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Rainwater Harvesting View project

The strength of concrete due to partial replacement View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Maheshkumar Mahadev Bhanuse on 22 May 2019.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

Behavior of Steel under Elevated Temperature- Experimental work

Maheshkumar M. Bhanuse1, Pandurang. D. Jankar2
1,2
PG Student, DepartmentofCivilEngineering,Rajarambapu Institute of
Technology, Rajaramnagar, Islampur, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra,

India - 415414.

Abstract:This paper deals with the study of effect on steel structures in case of fire occurrences. The
material properties that affect the behavior of structural steel members exposed to fire have been
reviewed. The performance of steel structures at elevated temperature is determined by many factors. The
changes in the mechanical properties are studied using universal testing machine and torsion testing
machine. The specimens are tested for 27⁰C, 100⁰C to 900⁰C at the interval of 100⁰C Because of
temperature effect it seen that the load taking capacity of specimen decreases, also specimen becomes
hard at temperature more than 600⁰C.

Keywords:Temperature; Steel structures; Fires; Thermal expansion; Elevated temperatures;

Thermal properties; Tensile and torsion strength; Mechanical properties.

1. INTRODUCTION:

The behavior of mechanical properties of different structural steel grades at elevated

temperatures should be well known to understand the behavior of steel and composite structures
at fire. To study thoroughly the behavior of certain steel structure at elevated temperatures, one
should use the material data of the used steel material obtained by testing. The tests have to be
carried out so that the results can be used to evaluate the behavior of the structure.

Structural steel has been widely used throughout the world. It is one of a designer’s best
options in view of its advantages over other materials. Steel is available in a range of discrete
size; its ductile behavior allows plastic deformation upon yielding, therefore avoiding brittle
failures. Fire is destructive; it causes injury, death & loss of property followed by negative
environmental consequences. Design of structures should incorporate measures to prevent
destruction of the structure safeguarding safety issues related to human occupancy. Steel
elements are commonly utilized for structures in the building and construction industry.
However, it has relatively low resistance to elevated temperatures thus causing failure of the
overall structure. The expected behavior is dependent upon the severity of the fire, material
properties and the degree of protection provided. Therefore, studying the behavior of steel
structures under fire becomes an important issue. Thus the study is required to analyze the steel
subjected to high temperature & then its relative strength at high temperature. Some structure are
subjected to accidental fire, due to heat steel member undergo changes in its physical,
mechanical and sometime chemical properties. Fire always cause hazard. There are many

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 700

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

examples in past. Because of fire the countless loss of valuable material, goods & human beings.
In this project attempt has been meet to investigate the properties of steel under the elevated
temperature.

Need to study behavior of steel under fire

“Buildings shall be constructed to maintain structural stability during fire to:

i. Allow people adequate time to evacuate safely,
ii. Allow fire service personnel adequate time to undertake rescue and fire- fighting
operations
iii. Avoid collapse and consequential damage to adjacent household units or other property.

2. METHODS

2.1 Experimental Program

There are three specimens tested each test. Total five different tests are conducted on steel,
which are tensile testing on mild steel 16 mm bar and 25 x 5 mm mild steel plate. Torsion test on
mild steel 16 mm bar and 22 mm pipe which having 2mm thickness, also bending test on 22mm
pipe which having 2mm thickness. In tensile testing there is study of load gaining capacity of
that specimen under different elevated temperature, elongation of that specimen and diameter of
bar after breaking due to loading. First two steps are same for the tensile testing of plate third
step for plate is study of plate thickness after breaking, and elongation is measured with help of
extensometer.

The electric furnace is used to heating the specimens. The maximum temperature attained in
this furnace is 1200°C. The rate of heat is 90 C per minute. The specimen is kept in the furnace
and the required temperature is set to this rate. The temperature rate setting done with the help of
controller of electrical furnace. The inner depth of the furnace is 450X450mm. The specimens
are kept for duration of 2 hour inside the furnace and later specimens are taken out and cooling
of specimen is done under natural atmospheric environment. Each time three specimen are kept
at temperatures of Room temperature(27°C),100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C,
700°C, 800°C and 900°C.

2.2 Equipment
Universal Testing Machine-Universal Testing Machine is used to find the compressive, tensile
and flexure strength of the specimen. The specimen is fixed on the machine. Here tensile loading
is carried out to find the tensile strength on steel specimens (mild steel bar, and steel plate).
Torsion Testing Machine- Torsion Testing Machine is used to find the Torsion of the specimen.
The specimen is fixed on the machine. Here torsion test is carried out to find the torsion of steel
specimens (mild steel bar, steel hollow section).

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 701

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

Electrical Furnace-The electric furnace is used to heat the specimens. The maximum
temperature attained in the furnace is 1000°C. Then specimens will be kept inside with the door
closing tightly so that no air enters inside. Each specimen is kept for duration of 4 hour inside the
furnace for an each specified controlled temperature

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Torsion testing of 16mm diameter mild steel bar:

The torsion test is carried out on 16mm φ bar. The procedure of testing was carried out at
various temperatures as for 270C, 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C, 5000C, 6000C, 7000C, 8000C and
9000C while for each temperature testing three specimens were taken.

Table No 3.1Torsion testing on16mm bar for elevated Temperature and Torsion

Sr. Temperature Shear Stress

No. (⁰C) N/mm2 Shear Stress
1 27 700.00
588.77
2 100 570.65 600.00 588.77
570.65560.09
3 546.50529.89
200 560.09 500.00 487.62
4 454.41440.82
300 546.50 419.69
Shear Stress N/mm²

400.00 394.02
5 400 529.89 300.00
6 Shear Stress
500 487.62
200.00
7 600 454.41
8 100.00
700 440.82
9 800 0.00
419.69
10 0 200 400 600 800 1000
900 394.02 Temperature (°C)

Figure No.3.1 Shear Stress versus Elevated Temperature of 16mm bar.

3.2 Torsion testing of 22mm diameter mild steel pipe:

The torsion test is carried out on 22mm φ pipe which thickness is 2mm. The procedure of testing
was carried out at various temperatures as for 270C, 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, 4000C, 5000C, 6000C, 7000C,
8000C and 9000C while for each temperature three specimens were tested.

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 702

 International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

Table No 3.2Torsion testing on thin Cylinderfor Temperature and Torsion

Sr. Shear
No.
Temperature
(⁰C)
Stress Shaer Stresses in thin Cylinder
N/mm2
1 530.00
27 520.00 520.00 520.00
2 100 516.27513.78
516.27 510.00

Shear Stress N/mm²

3 200 500.00 503.83
513.78
4 300 490.00 488.90
503.83 482.68
5 480.00
400 488.90 470.00 471.49
6 466.51
500 482.68 460.00
456.56
7 600 471.49 450.00
8 700 440.00 440.39
466.51
430.00
9 800 456.56
0 200 400 600 800 1000
10 900 440.39 Temperature (°C)

Figure No.3.2 Shear Stress versus Elevated Temperature of thin Cylinder.

Fig No.3.3 Tensile failure of bar after torsion Fig No.3.4 Mild steel twisted in torsion testing
testing machine

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 703

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Following are the conclusion of work

1. After heating, it is seen that Load Carrying Capacity of material decreased.

2. In tensile testing, failure pattern of specimen is observed, failure pattern of specimens are
not uniform.
3. The Number of rotations of torsion is decreased for higher temperature.
4. In torsion test, It is seen that tensile failure of bar occur at more than 700⁰C temperature.

REFERENCES

[1]Chen J, Young B, and Brian U (2006), “Behavior of High Strength Structural Steel at
Elevated Temperatures”, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 132, pp 1948-1954.

[2]Choe Lisa; Varma Amit H.; Agarwal Anil; and Surovek Andrea, (2011) “Fundamental
Behavior of Steel Beam-Columns and Columns under Fire Loading: Experimental Evaluation”,
Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 137, No. 9, pp- 954–966.

[3]Franssen J.M. (1996) “Analysis of Structural Members under Elevated Temperature

Conditions”, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 122, pp1254-1255.

[4]Franssen J.M.; Talamona D., Kruppa J., CajotJandL.G. (1998) “Stability of Steel Columns In
Case Of Fire: Experimental Evaluation”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.124, No.2, pp-
158-163

[5]Kodur V, Dwaikat M, and Fike R (2010), “High-Temperature Properties of Steel for Fire
Resistance Modeling of Structures”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 22, pp.423-
434.

[6]KodurVenkatesh; KandSonali; and KhaliqWasim, (2012) “Effect of Temperature on Thermal

and Mechanical Properties of Steel Bolts” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 24, No.
6, pp- 765-774

[7]Poh K. W. and Bennetts I. D, (1995) “Behavior of Steel Columns at Elevated

Temperatures” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 121, pp.676-684.

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 704

 International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 3 volume 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954

[8]Poh K. W. (2001), “Stress-Strain-Temperature Relationship for Structural Steel”, Journal of

Materials in Civil Engineering, vol.13, pp.371-379.

[9] Richard J. Y. Liew, M. ASCE; L. K.Tang; and Y. S. Choo, M. ASCE (2002) “Advanced
Analysis for Performance-based Design of Steel Structures Exposed to Fires”, Journal of
Structural Engineering, Vol. 128, No.12, pp- 1584-1593.

[10]Roeder Charles W. (1986) “Experimental Study of Heat Induced Deformation”, Journal of

Structural Engineering, Vol. 112, No.10, pp-2247-2262.

[11]Sakumoto Y., Yamaguchi T., Ohashi M. and Saito H. (1992) “High-Temperature Properties
of Fire Resistant Steel for Buildings” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol.118, pp.392-407.

[12]Sakumoto Y., Nakazato T. and Matsuzaki A. (1996),“High-Temperature Properties of

Stainless Steel for Building Structures” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol.122, pp.399-406.

R S. Publication (http://rspublication.com), rspublicationhouse@gmail.com. Page 705

View publication stats