College of Social Science and Humanities

Communication and Media Studies Department

Handout for
Media and Information Literacy

1st Sem 2022-2023

Chapter II
I- Objective

A. To know the evolution of Traditional to New Media.

II-
1. The Prehistoric Age : (1500 BC – 1500 AD)

Prehistory is the period of human activity between the use of the first stone
tools ~3.3 million years ago and the invention of writing systems, the earliest of
which appeared ~5300 years ago.Technology that predates recorded history. History
is the study of the past using written records; it is also the record itself. Anything prior
to the first written accounts of history is prehistoric (meaning "before history"),
including earlier technologies. About 2.5 million years before writing was developed,
technology began with the earliest hominids who used stone tools, which they may
have used to start fires, hunt, cut food, and bury their dead.

Table 1Cave paintings-a type of parietal art found on the wall or ceilings of caves.

2. Industrial Age : (1700s-1930s)

The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic
and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other
countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven
machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of
industry in large establishments.

PREPARED BY:
MS. JAY-ANN B. MARANDA
CSSH, CMS Faculty Member
3. The Electronic Age: (1930s – 1980s)

The Electronic age is the invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age.
People harnessed the power of transistor that led to the transistor communication
became more efficient.

4. DIGITAL AGE (1900s-2000s)

Digital Age or Informational Age is a period in human history characterized by the

shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through
industrialization, to an economy based on information computerization.The internet
paved the way advanced the used of microelectronics with the invention of personal
computers, devices wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sounds, and data
are digitalized.

The History of the Web

The World Wide Web, commonly referred to as the Web, is one of the greatest
inventions of the 20th century. It revolutionized the way we access and consume
information. From looking up encyclopedic information, to sharing videos and photos
with our friends, to online shopping, it has profoundly changed old patterns.

The history of the World Wide Web starts at CERN, a physics research institute in
Switzerland, with a British researcher called Tim Berners-Lee.

PREPARED BY:
MS. JAY-ANN B. MARANDA
CSSH, CMS Faculty Member
Tim Berners-Lee, a software engineer at CERN, invented the World Wide Web in the
late 1989 as a means to help the network of physicists around the world to efficiently
exchange their scientific data.

Before the birth of the World Wide Web, computers could communicate with each
other but the concept of a "Website" didn't exist yet. Back then, the Internet was
mainly used by researchers at universities and not so much by "normal" people.

While the term World Wide Web is nowadays often used as a synonym for the
Internet itself, the early history of the Internet could actually be traced back to the late
1960s. Its predecessor ARPANET laid the foundations of the concept of
internetworking by enabling multiple separate networks to be joined into one large
network of networks.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was the first network to implement
the protocol suite TCP/IP, which is still used on the Internet.

Tim Berners-Lee's idea was to create a network of documents, that would be linked to
each other through hyperlinks. This document is what we today call a web page and
the hyperlinks are the links that you click on to go from page to page.

When he first proposed his idea in March 1989, it got rejected. However, led by the
belief in the potential of his idea and encouraged by his direct boss Mike Sendall, he
went on to create the first version of the World Wide Web.

By Christmas 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had single-handedly built all the tools needed
for the World Wide Web to work and he created the first website ever.

Table 2The first logo of the web, designed by Robert Cailliau, a computer scientist
who also worked at CERN and helped Tim Berners-Lee further develop the World
Wide Web.

What is the World Wide Web Exactly?

There are three important technological components that allow the Web to exist:

1. HTTP - The first important underlying technology for the World Wide Web
is HTTP. That is the http:// part that you see before the address of a website.

PREPARED BY:
MS. JAY-ANN B. MARANDA
CSSH, CMS Faculty Member
HTTP is a protocol that describes how your computer and the server hosting the
website communicate when you type in a web address in your browser.

2. HTML - A second important technology that is necessary for the Web to exist
is HTML. This is the language in which web pages are created.

3. Web browser - Finally, the third big piece of the puzzle that came with the Web is
the web browser. The web browser is the gateway to the web and is the computer
program that you use to view web pages.

PREPARED BY:
MS. JAY-ANN B. MARANDA
CSSH, CMS Faculty Member