Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Bacoor City Campus
Bacoor, Cavite
Tel. (046) 415 0013 Telefax (046) 415 0012
E-mail: cvsu.op2012@gmail.com

THE TEACHING STRATEGY ASSESSMENT IN CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY-

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT -BACOOR CAMPUS

PRE-ORAL DEFENSE
Presented to the Faculty of
Department of Criminology
Cavite State University
Bacoor Campus Cavite
Bacoor, Cavite

In Partial Fulfilments
Of the Requirements in Research
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

JOESELLE MONZOR CECILIO

September 2022
 Republic of the Philippines
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
Bacoor City Campus
Bacoor, Cavite
Tel. (046) 415 0013 Telefax (046) 415 0012
E-mail: cvsu.op2012@gmail.com

Department of Criminology

Author: JOESELLE M. CECILIO

Title: THE TEACHING STRATEGY ASSESSTMENT IN CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY-

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT -BACOOR CAMPUS

APPROVED:

MURVEN B. ABIADEW, MSCJ _____ ARMAN MARIBOJO, MSCJ ______

Adviser Date Technical Critique Date

JIMMY M. CALTINO, MSCJ _____ DONNALYN B. MONTALLANA, MIT ______

Department Chairperson Date Campus Research Coordinator Date

MENVYLUZ S. MACALALAD, MBA _____

Campus Administrator Date
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Ms. Joeselle M. Cecilio, was born on July 27, 2001, Abuyog, Leyte. She is the middle child
among three siblings of Mr. Joel Cecilio and Mrs. Roselieta Cecilio. She is currently residing at
Blk 4 Lot 13 Sampaloc St. Manuela Side, Talon V., Las Pinas City.

She obtained her elementary education at Nebga Elementary School in 2013, her secondary
education at Abuyog Academy Abuyog, Leyte in 2017 and her senior highschool diploma at Las
Piñas City National Senior High School - Doña Josefa Campus in 2019.

In August 2019, she enrolled at Cavite State University - Bacoor Campus for her college
education with a Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors of this study would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to
those who helped, advised and contributed invaluable assistance that made this research possible
and successful.
Murven B. Abiadew, thesis adviser, for his guidance, extended patience, effort, and for sharing
his knowledge on research writing that guided the author throughout the study.
Jimmy M. Caltino, department chairperson and technical critique, for his time and
patience in editing this manuscript;
Menvyluz S. Macalalad, campus administrator and The Criminology faculty for lending
time and granting the request to conduct interview.
The students, for lending time to answer truthfully and objectively the interview
Questionnaires amidst pandemic.
The parents, who have been the researcher‘s inspiration in pursuing dreams and taking
actions to make it real, and
The Almighty God, for being the source of strength, inspiration and for the gift of life and
health and for the guidance of everything
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Teaching well depends on having a flexible repertoire of high-leverage strategies and

techniques that can be deployed quickly with good judgment, depending on the specific context
and situation. Incorporating core practices implies rethinking how a teacher education program
will ensure adequate teaching skills. There is little research synthesizing the relationship of core
practices, their teaching, and the assessment processes developed in practice-based teaching
programs. (Royo &Montoya, 2021).

The COVID-19 pandemic has unexpectedly affected the educational process worldwide,
forcing teachers and students to transfer to an online teaching and learning format. Compared
with the traditional face-to-face teaching methods, teachers' professional role, career satisfaction
level, and digital literacy have been challenged. Remote teaching relied more on computer
technology, which profoundly impacted reconstructing education during and after the pandemic.
As frontline providers of education, teachers are increasingly important in educational settings.
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the process of educational virtualization. Teachers' digital
literacy indicates the ability to use digital resources and virtual learning platforms in the
educational environment. Teachers equipped with basic digital literacy will be highly
competitive in future online or classroom practice.(Li & Yu, 2022)

Teaching strategies are techniques used by teachers to promote the teaching in ways that
keep students engaged and learning different skill sets. A teacher may choose a different
teaching strategy according to the topic, class level, class size, students' ability, and classroom
resources. As teaching techniques improve based on increased knowledge of how students learn,
teachers are progressively advancing their teaching strategies.(Cooper & Ozansoy, 2022)
 Background of the Study

The researchers believe that conducting this study will be advantageous to them,
particularly students, in order to assist them improve their performance on research. Another
reason is that having knowledge about how the teacher's teaching method might be beneficial
to the students. Students can begin to comprehend the learning process by using teaching
strategies and students can use strategies to get around their weaknesses and perform at their
maximum potential.

The researchers chose this topic because they all have a common interest in students who
struggle in comprehension, especially now that online programs are available, making it easier
for them to conduct studies including students' school experiences. The researchers may find
some useful information and vice versa.

Statement of the Problem

The study aim to investigate the teaching strategy assessment in Cavite State
University- Bacoor Campus:
Specifically, it aimed to investigate the following:

1. What is sociodemographic profile of respondent?

a. Gender
b. Age
c. Year Level
2. What are the common teaching strategies implemented by the Criminology department?
3. What are the problems encountered by the instructors in delivering effective teaching?
4. Is there a significant difference in the perception of respondents towards common teaching
strategies?
5. What are the recommendations to deal with the problems encountered by the instructor based
on the findings of the study?
Objectives

The following are the objectives of this research:

1. To help students enhance their academic performance
2. To promote good mental health in students
3. To instill students with intrinsic motivation to learn
4. To contribute to the teaching and achieving of core performance standards and outcomes

Significance of the Study

The study is conducted to observe the awareness of 1 st year to 4th year students. The
significance of the study will greatly contribute to the benefit of everyone. The study will be
conducted to raise awareness of how school work affects criminology student performance in
the school and how they cope up with it. Considering that mental stability plays a vital role in a
well-being

To the student, this study will help them understand how they manage their learning and how
they might learn more effectively by using the teachers' strategy. It will helps students process
information rather than simply receive it. Leading a discussion requires skills different from
lecturing. The purpose is to get students to think about the course material.it will also benefit and
may be able to help deeply understand the situation of students suffering in comprehension.

To the teachers, this research would inform them as to what strategy should be applied in the
students.

To the future generations, this research should benefit future generations, as well. They will gain
knowledge through the research and will have a better understanding of persons who have
difficulties comprehending in classes.

To the future researchers, through this study it will be beneficial in a way that the study may be
used as reference data in their possible researches related to the study conducted. They may also
expand the knowledge collected by the study and improve it.
Scope and Limitation

The research study is limited to one hundred and fifty (100) respondents criminology students
from Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus. Respondents are mainly from the schools around
Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus. The research directly addresses 1st year to 4th year
criminology students struggling with comprehension. The research aims to investigate the
awareness of students who have slow comprehension in class in order to have knowledge on how
to learn quickly through teaching strategy.

Definition of Terms

Teaching strategy is a generalized plan for a lesson which includes structure, instructional
objectives and an outline of planned tactics, necessary to implement the strategies (Stone and
Morris, in Isaac, 2010).

Teaching Method is limited to the presentation of subject matter, methods come under strategy.

Strategy when we try to achieve some objectives by any method it becomes strategies, strategy
is actually a combination of different methods.

Assessment is the systematic basis for making inferences about the learning and development of
students. It is the process of defining, selecting, designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting,
and using information to increase students' learning and development. (Assessing Student
Learning and Development: A Guide to the Principles, Goals, and Methods of Determining
College Outcomes by Erwin 1991)

Theoretical Framework

COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

Learning relies on both external factors (like information or data) and the internal thought
process. Developed in the 1950s, this theory moves away from behaviorism to focus on the
mind’s role in learning. According to the International Bureau of Education: “In cognitive
psychology, learning is understood as the acquisition of knowledge: the learner is an
information-processor who absorbs information, undertakes cognitive operations on it and stocks
it in memory.” suggests that internal thoughts and external forces are both an important part of
the cognitive process. And as students understand how their thinking impacts their learning and
behavior, they are able to have more control over it. Cognitive learning theory impacts students
because their understanding of their thought process can help them learn. Teachers can give
students opportunities to ask questions, to fail, and think out loud. These strategies can help
students understand how their thought process works, and utilize this knowledge to construct
better learning opportunities. (5 Educational Learning Theories and How to Apply Them, 2021)

CONTRUCTIVISM LEARNING THEORY

According (Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning, n.d.-b) Constructivism

promotes social and communication skills by creating a classroom environment that emphasizes
collaboration and exchange of ideas. Students must learn how to articulate their ideas clearly as
well as to collaborate on tasks effectively by sharing in group projects. Students must therefore
exchange ideas and so must learn to "negotiate" with others and to evaluate their contributions in
a socially acceptable manner. This is essential to success in the real world, since they will always
be exposed to a variety of experiences in which they will have to cooperate and navigate among
the ideas of others.
 Conceptual Framework

Illustrate in figure 1. The researcher aims to investigate the teaching strategy assessment in
Cavite State University-Bacoor Campus. The second table is to determine if there is significant
difference in the perception of respondents toward common teaching strategies. The third table is
to determine the level of effect students struggling with comprehension have encountered. And
lastly, the expected outcome of this study in which the researcher suggests ideas and initiatives
that could help the students struggling comprehension through teaching strategy.

Input Process Output Expected Outcome

To investigate the Identification of the
teaching strategy following:
assesstment in
1.Sociodemographic
Cavite State
profile of respondent.
University-
Bacoor Campus 2. What are the
common teaching
strategies implemented
by the Criminology
department?
3.What are the
problems encountered
by the instructors in
delivering effective
teaching?
4.Is there a significant
difference in the
perception of
respondents towards
common teaching
strategies?
5.What are the
recommendations to
deal with the problems
encountered by the
instructor based on the
findings of the study?
Identified:
1.Sociodemographic 1.The recommendation
profile of respondent.
is to describe the
2. What are the measurable skills,
common teaching abilities, knowledge or
strategies values that students
implemented by the should be able to
Criminology demonstrate as a result
department? of a completing a
3.What are the course. They are
problems encountered student-centered rather
by the instructors in than teacher-centered,
delivering effective in that they describe
teaching? what the students will
do, not what the
4.Is there a significant
instructor will teach.
difference in the
perception of
respondents towards
common teaching
strategies?
5.What are the
recommendations to
deal with the
problems encountered
by the instructor based
on the findings of the
study?
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies which consists of materials such
as journals, articles, books, thesis and other web articles that are essential in broadening the
knowledge of the researchers as it will give more information related to teaching strategies
assessment. These will also guide the researchers to achieve their target objectives by getting
ideas on other related studies and make improvements as possible.

Foreign Literature
       Teachers need to motivate students to learn. Students who understand the lesson tend to be
more engaged and show different characteristics such as they are attracted to do work, persist in
the work despite challenges and obstacles, and take visible delight in accomplishing their work.
In developing students' understanding to learn important concepts, teachers may use a variety of
teaching strategies that would work best for her/his students. Phil Schlecty (2018),

Students who understand the lesson tend to be more engaged and show different characteristics
such as they are attracted to do work, persist in the work despite challenges and obstacles, and
take visible delight in accomplishing their work. In developing students' understanding to learn
important concepts, teachers may use a variety of teaching strategies that would work best for
her/his students. It showed no teaching strategy that will consistently engage all learners. The
key is helping students relate lesson content to their own backgrounds which would include
students' prior knowledge in understanding new concepts. Due recognition should be given to the
fact that interest, according to directly or indirectly contributes to all learning. Yet, it appears that
many teachers apparently still need to accept this fundamental principle. Teachers should mind
the chief component of interest in the classroom. It is a means of forming lasting effort in
attaining the skills needed for life. Furthermore teachers need to vary teaching styles and
techniques so as not to cause boredom to the students in the classroom. Seeking greater insight
into how children learn from the way teachers discuss and handle the lesson in the classroom and
teach students the life skills they need, could be one of the greatest achievements in the teaching
process. (Wlodkowski et al., 2019).

Local Literature

Pandemic covid-19 has a significant impact on the world of education. Changes in the learning
system affect the learning process. The problem is felt by educators of east Kalimantan palm oil
plantations related to online learning support facilities. Network limitations and communication
tools become a separate problem in educating the nation's children during the covid-19
pandemic. This study aims to identify strategies, methods, obstacles, and solutions for teachers in
solving problems during the covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted through qualitative
methods, involving three elementary school teachers. Observation data retrieval techniques,
interviews, and documentation. Test the data's validity by triangulating the sources .the research
subjects of three educators in Teladan Prima Benua Baru and Teladan Prima 01 elementary
schools. Data analysis using Miles & Huberman consists of three activities that coincide: data
reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing. The results showed obstacles, namely
smartphone ownership, the unavailability of network coverage for the internet, TV, radio, limited
teaching materials, student home distance, student discipline, parental limitations in
accompanying children to learn, and time constraints. Teacher problem-solving strategies include
implementing blended learning, creating learning groups, regular visits to students, partnering
with parents, adapting teaching plans, optimizing electronic media, and utilizing creative media.
Thus, aspects of problem-solving skills are essential for educators.(Munastiwi, 2021)

Foreign Studies

Teaching strategies are techniques used by teachers to promote the teaching in ways that keep
students engaged and learning different skill sets. A teacher may choose a different teaching
strategy according to the topic, class level, class size, students' ability, and classroom resources.
As teaching techniques improve based on increased knowledge of how students learn, teachers
are progressively advancing their teaching strategies.(Cooper & Ozansoy, 2022)
Educational institutes have closed worldwide due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The research
paper explores different instructional strategies. These instructional strategies can help in
implementing online teaching in higher education. The case study develops various methods for
online teaching without compromising student learning. These methods will help in designing
successful online study sessions. The study formulated different notions for online education in
developing countries. It includes maintaining a slow voice and practicing vocal functions by
teachers. Furthermore, sharing resources before the class will help in creating interactive online
classes. These strategies play a fundamental role in enhancing student learning. The study
suggested that the Higher Education Commission should make collaborations with
telecommunication industries. This will help in overcoming Internet-related issues. There are
multiple factors that help in enhancing remote learning. These factors include getting feedback
from students, offering flexible teaching and assessment policies. Recording online lectures and
getting support from teaching assistants are also vital features. These instructional strategies will
serve as an excellent tool in running online classes. Wiley Periodicals LLC(2020)

Teaching tactic which forces students to change standard problems in order to better analyze
their understanding of a particular concept. Claimed that students would be able to achieve
higher levels of conceptual understanding of chemical concepts when they considered problems
from multiple perspectives. In a second semester General Chemistry course, certain sections
were taught using PM recitations and others were taught in traditional lecture style. Within each
recitation, students were put in small groups and asked to explore and manipulate problems.
Participation and discussion was encouraged by awarding points, and a teacher’s assistant
facilitated the conversation and answered any questions. Problem manipulation was assigned to
students individually pre-class and post-class as well as to groups of students during class. The
process involved the instructor providing an initial problem, and the students were asked to
identify what the problem was asking. Then,students would define in words what strategies they
would utilize to solve the problem, and they would solve the problem. Next, students would
manipulate the original problem and construct a new problem around the same concept. Finally,
they would solve the new problem and evaluate how the two problems were conceptually linked.
Siburt et al. (2011)
 Academic institutions are promptly shifting all educational activities to the e-learning format.
The present work describes concurrent procedures for online teaching and assessment performed
at the College of Medicine, Qassim University, KSA. We also explored the impact of e-learning
and assessment on the performance of students and faculty,and the challenges to their
sustainability. (“Experience of E-learning and Online Assessment During the COVID-19
Pandemic at the College of Medicine, Qassim University,” 2020)
Local Studies

First aid training in live online classes using the problem-based learning approach on students'
learning achievement, problem-solving skills, communication skill, and interaction. The pre-test
and post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group was used in the quantitative
dimension of the study. The study group was conducted with forty-five university students.
While live online classes in the experimental group were carried out via the PBL approach, live
online classes in the control group were traditionally carried out via teacher-based methods
without any intervention. Zoom application was used in both groups during live online classes.
Group work in the experimental group was conducted using breakout rooms. The process of data
collection and the experimental procedure of the study was completed in six weeks. Within the
scope of the study, courses took three 40 min periods every week. The Learning Achievement
Test, the Perceived Problem-solving Skills Scale, the Communication Skills Scale, and the
Online Course Interaction Level Determination Scale were used for data collection tools. The
results of study show that students who attended live online classes using PBL had higher levels
of learning achievement, problem-solving skills and live online class interaction than students
who attended live online classes using teacher-based methods. No significant difference between
the communication skills of the groups was observed.(“Problem- Based Learning in Live Online
Classes: Learning Achievement, Problem-solving Skill, Communication Skill, and Interaction -
ScienceDirect, 2021)

 Teaching strategies in literature subjects towards the development of instructional modalities.

Based on the data analysed and interpreted, the following findings were deduced: In terms of
their profile, majority of the respondents are aged 18-20 years old, female and single. As to
direct instruction, lecture method dominated the teaching strategies. Meanwhile, from among the
list of teaching strategies, the least used is the reinforcement of tape recordings. As to indirect
instruction, discovery method ranked number 1 and lowest in rank is case study. As to
Interactive Instruction, recitation got the highest rank while debate was revealed having the
lowest mean verbally interpreted as Occasionally. As to individual study, reports ranks number 1
while distance education got the lowest mean. As to experiential instruction, dramatization got
the highest mean. Meanwhile, case studies had the lowest mean. Interactive teaching dominated
among the teaching strategies used by literature teachers verbally interpreted as Frequently while
the least is direct instruction. There is no significant difference in the assessment of the
respondents on the teaching strategies in literature subjects in terms of age. However, their
perceived assessment on direct instruction, indirect instruction, and individual study entails that
there is a significant difference on the teaching strategies in literature subjects when grouped by
the age of the respondents. There is no significant difference on the teaching strategies in
literature subjects when grouped by gender of the respondents on the teaching strategies in
literature subjects. However, there exists a significant difference in the experiential learning
among male and female students. There is no significant difference in the assessment of the
respondents on the teaching strategies in literature subjects in terms of civil status.(Gordonas,
2017).

CHAPTER III

Research Design
The study is a quantitative research for logical thinking is observed along with
mathematical expressions that will later on explain the relationship between the chosen
variables. A quantitative research includes theories with empirical basis and observations
whether direct or indirect, participant or nonparticipant, that are numerically expressed. The
study will use a Non-Experimental research design since the research tackles a mental
disorder. It falls under psychology that studies the individual mind. Psychology is one of the
disciplines of Social Science. 
Non-Experimental research design will avoid controlling and manipulating the
variables for it focuses on studying the natural way the variables affect each other.
Correlative type of Non-Experimental design will be applied in the research. The researchers
will study the relationships between variables, the number of school works as well as the
number of students experiencing anxiety.
  
        Respondents of the Study and Sampling Techniques
                The respondents of this study will come from 1st year to 4th year students studying
around Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus 2022-2023. The researchers would choose
respondents using Non-probability sampling where the respondents are gathered in process
in which we will choose them purposively and questionnaires would be hand out to
respondents students who are struggling in school, specifically in online classes, and how
will the teaching strategy be applied that may help the researchers on conducting the study. 
The sampling technique under non-probability sampling that the researchers chose to
apply in choosing respondents and gathering data is Purposive Sampling.

Data Collection Methods and Instruments

The data gathering method of the research that will be used is under the non-
probability sampling technique which is the purposive sampling. Researchers will purposely
choose all the respondents that may be able to help and may be related to the study with the
use of questionnaire that is under traditional survey. The main target respondents will be 1 st
year and 4th year students that studies around Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus with a
background or knowledge related student struggling in school and how will be applied the
teaching strategy.
A survey through handing out questionnaires to potential respondents chosen by the
researchers will be the instrument used to gather the information that is needed in the study.
A paper containing a set of questions with a space for the respondents’ answers will be given
to the participants. The questionnaires aims to measure and analyze the results of the
respondents. It serves not just as an instrument, but as well as the method being used to
gather data. The main purpose of the instrument is to be able for the researchers to analyze
and deeply understand the factors that results to teaching strategy assessment.

 Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment

Regression is the technique that the Researchers will use to help them accomplish
analyzing data in their research. According to the website Chegg Study Regression analysis is
used when you want to study the relationship between two variables.  It is also used to
determine statistical relationship between two or more variables where change in dependent
variable is supplementary with, or be subject to, change in one or more independent variable/s
as defined by Business Dictionary.
The Researchers will use the technique for it will show the statistical analysis of 1 st year
and 4th year student struggling school works and how it applied the teaching strategy. It is
suited for the Research for they want to know the relationship between their IV and DV. The
technique will give the researchers the result they needed to know for it will give how the
Independent Variable will affect the Dependent Variable.
The Regression Analysis computation will be used as Statistical Treatment of this study
to know the number of the students of 1 st year who are stuggling schoolwork and how will
applied the teaching strategy assessment in Cavite State University- Bacoor Campus, as well as
to interpret the data the researchers have obtained. Linear Regression will be used in the
research for there is only one independent variable.

The formula for regression:

y=b0+b1x
Where:
b0 – Intercept
b1 – Regression Coefficient
y – Predicted Value of dependent variable
x – Independent Variable
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