RESEARCH Q3 REVIEWER

I. PARTS OF THE INTRODUCTION

a. Background of the study
b. Statement of the Problem
c. Conceptual Framework
d. Hypothesis
e. Assumption
f. Significance of the Study
g. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
h. Operational Definition of Terms

II. PREDICTION HYPOTHESIS

 A prediction is making a statement of what will happen in the future.
 Hypotheses help guide researchers for an unexplained phenomenon
 A hypothesis is an explanation for why a specific occurrence or problem is
happening. Testable guess.
III. TYPES OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
 Alternative Hypothesis (HA)- there is a relationship between the two
variables being studied.
Eg: There is significant effect of Pesticide Y on Insect X
 Null Hypothesis (HO)- there is no relationship between the two variables
being studied.
Eg: There is no significant effect of Pesticide Y on Insect X
 Non-directional Hypothesis- independent variable will have an effect on the
dependent variable, but the direction of the effect is not specified.
Eg: There will be a difference in how many numbers are correctly recalled
by children and adults.
 Directional Hypothesis- nature of the effect of the independent variable on
the dependent variable.
Eg: Adults will correctly recall more words than children.
 Complex hypothesis- the relationships of two or more independent
variables to two or more dependent variables.
Eg: The intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies of Grade 7 students
do not relate significantly to their academic performance.

IV. ASSUMPTIONS
 Does not have to be proven like a theory or tested like hypothesis
 Statement of facts related to research problem which are presumed to be
true on the basis of observations and experiences although not actually
verified.

V. DEFINITON OF TERMS
 includes terms which should be interpreted in a manner unique to the
research, that is different from how they are defined in the dictionary.
 Guidelines in Accomplishing the Definition of Terms
1. There must be an introductory sentence/ paragraph before starting a term.
Guidelines in Accomplishing the Definition of Terms
2. Terms may be arranged alphabetically or according to their importance in
the study.
3. Always indent the terms.
4. Emphasize the terms to be defined either by a bold print, underlining or by
italics.
5. If the term to be defined follows a dashed (-), period (.) or no punctuation, a
consistent format must be followed all throughout.
6. Do not number the terms being defined.
7. Do not capitalize the terms

 Description- a statement or account giving the characteristics of someone or something.

Eg: I’m Hercules I’m tall, thin, young, strong and handsome. I’ve got big blue eyes and short brown
wavy hair. I’m wearing a brown tunic, a brown belt, a blue cloak and browns sandals.

 Definition- understanding the essence of a word, an idea, a conceal expression. The main purpose
of defining is to give information to reader as to what the author intends to explain.

Eg: LOVE / luhv / - noun strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties.
 Lexical- definition based from the dictionary.
 Operationally- as used in the study.
 Authoritatively- published & unpublished materials.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
 includes terms which should be interpreted manner unique to the research,
that is different from how they are defined in the dictionary.

GUIDELINES IN WRITING OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. There must be an introductory sentence/ paragraph before starting a term.
2. Terms may be arranged alphabetically or according to the importance in
the study.
3. Always indent the terms.
4. Emphasize the terms to be define either by a bold print, underlining or by
italics.
5. f the term to be defined follows a dashed (-), period (.) or no punctuation,
a consistent format must be followed all throughout.
6. Do not number the terms being defined.
7. Do not capitalize the terms.

VI. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 2nd chapter of the research paper that shows the different written works,
published or unpublished, that have already explored into the same topic
that the researchers are currently investigating.
 Review of related literature is a synthesis and analysis of previous works.
VVI. LITERATURE REVIEW
 is a process of compiling, classifying, and evaluating what other researchers
have written on a certain topic.
The literature review serves multiple functions in the research
process.
 to determine what already have been done or studied about the topic
 to prevent you from unintentionally duplicating another’s research
 to give you a wider understanding of your topic

PURPOSES OF LITERATURE REVIEW

1. It makes the research study empirical.
2. It builds the confidence of the researcher, as he/she fully understands the
variables being studied.
3. It shows similar studies conducted which in turn, become the springboard
of discussion as the researcher may agree or disagree with the current results.
4. It shows the researcher’s objectivity of the study as fellow researchers read
the review of literature and related sources similar in the research or
conceptual framework.

Documents for review

 books, research journals, articles, abstracts, reviews, monographs, thesis,
dissertations, other research reports, and electronic media.

Characteristics of Good Literature Review

1. The literature review delimits clearly the subject matter.
2. It covers all important relevant literature.
3. It is up-to-date.
4. It provides an insightful analysis of the ideas and conclusion in the literature.
5. It points out similarities and differences, and strength and weaknesses in the
literature.
 6. It identifies gaps in the literature for future research.
7. It clarifies the context for which the literature is important
Literatures may be arranged chronologically, thematically or by author.

VIII. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 shows how the research problem will have to be explored from the previous
knowledge of other researchers’ point of view and the researcher’s own
observations on the subject of research.
 shows organization, order, and direction for the research study.
 explains the main things to be studied – the key factors, concepts, or
variables – and the presumed relationships among them
 represents the researcher’s own synthesis of literature on how a
phenomenon is explained.

IX. RESEARCH METHODS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE

 Qualitative- observation describes a certain phenomenon or event and can
be observed through the senses. Aims to understand the experiences and
attitudes of people and the community.
 Qualitative data are in words. Characteristics observed from respondents
with minimal to no use of statistical analysis.

X. WRITING THE PROCEDURES

1. 3 garden plots will be prepared in school on an area receiving sufficient sunlight
the whole day.
- Three garden plots will be prepared in school on an area receiving sufficient
sunlight the whole day.
2. Thirty sacks of garden soil should be bought from the seedling bank.
- Thirty sacks of garden soil will be bought from the seedling bank.
3. We will gather the seedlings.
Seedlings will be gathered.

 The procedure should NOT be written as though it were directions or steps

to be followed as in a recipe. It should be in narrative form
 Materials should be mentioned as the researcher relates what he will do
with them.
Sample: Two sacks of okra seeds will be planted in a germination tray with 2
sacks of garden soil.
Future tense, passive voice
Sample: Three garden plots will be prepared in an area that receives sufficient
sunlight the whole day.

 Researcher referred as third person

 DO NOT use any personal pronoun as “I” or “We”.
 Numbers, If the sentence starts with a number, the number is spelled out.
 Abbreviations and scientific names are never used on first citations.
1.Fold the filter paper into a cone.
-The filter paper will be folded into a cone.
2.Support the glass funnel in a ring or place it in the neck of an Erlenmeyer
flask.
-The glass funnel will be supported in a ring or will be placed in the neck of an
Erlenmeyer flask.
3.Wet the filter paper with a few milliliters of the solvent to be used in the
procedure.
-The filter paper will be wet with a five milliliters of the solvent.
4. Pour the mixture to be filtered through the funnel.
-The mixture to be filtered will be poured through the funnel.