REVIEWER

RESEARCH - It is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - It is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data.
People inclined to doing quantitative research wants to discover truth in an exact manner. The group to
involve in a quantitative research is called the respondents. Also, in a quantitative research, Slovin’s
formula is used in getting the sample size of our study.

LESSON 3

CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION) - This chapter includes the introduction, theoretical framework, statement
of the problem, hypothesis, scope and limitation, conceptual framework, the significance of the study, and
the definition of terms used.

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY - It often begins with a description or overview of a situation or

idea of interest to the researcher. “Why are you studying this particular research topic?”
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM - This presents the questions to be answered in the research work.
Also known as research puzzle or the problematique.
 FIRST PARAGRAPH – general aim
 SECOND PARAGRAPH – specific questions
3. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS - It is commonly known as educated guess.
 NULL HYPOTHESIS – It always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables.
 ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS - It always predicts that there is an effect or relationship
between or among variables.
4. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK – It serves as the backbone of research.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK - It shows the research claims and arguments in a narrative
form. A narrative that helps the research teacher or adviser and panel of examiners in
analyzing your paper.
5. CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM - It serves as a blueprint or outline of the research. Figure or graphical
representation of the conceptual framework. It shows the relationship between among variables.
6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
 FIRST PARAGRAPH - the scope or coverage is discussed; respondents; setting/locale; time
frame
 SECOND PARAGRAPH - explains the limitations and weaknesses of the study
7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY - This exhibits the benefits and beneficiaries of the research paper.
8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 CONCEPTUAL - definition from books, dictionaries, electronic sources, etc.
 OPERATIONAL - how the words are used in the study
LESSON 4
CHAPTER 2 (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE) - It is a systematic review (question-driven methodology)
of the related literature and studies of a study.
 LITERATURE - The related literature are articles taken from books, journals, magazines, novels,
poetry, and many others.
 STUDIES - The related studies are taken from published and unpublished theses/dissertations or
published research journals.
PLAGIARISM - According to University of Oxford, plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as
your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement.
 IN-TEXT CITATION - Referencing authors within the main body of the paper.
 REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY - Referencing authors at the end of the paper.
REFERENCING STYLES:
 APA – American Psychological Association
 MLA – Modern Language Association

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. Background of the Study

1. Introductory Paragraph
2. Statement of the Problem

3. Research Hypothesis

4. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 2. Foreign Literature and Studies

5. Research Paradigm

6. Scope and Delimitations

7. Significance of the Study 3. Local Literature and Studies

8. Definition of Terms