Example of a research paper
established theory.
Table of contents
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
The scope of the study basically means all those things that will
be covered in the research project.
Introduction- an introduction is the first paragraph of a
written research paper, or the first thing you say in an oral
presentation, or the first thing people see, hear, or experience
about your project. The introduction gives the reader the
beginning of the piece of thread so they can follow it.
Background of the Study- background information
identifies and describes the history and nature of a well-defined
research problem with reference to the existing literature.
Background information in your Introduction should indicate
the root of the problem being studied, its scope, and the extent
to which previous studies have successfully investigated the
problem, noting, in particular, where gaps exist that your study
attempts to address.
Statement of the Problem- a problem statement is the
description of an issue currently existing which needs to be
addressed. It provides the context for the research study and
generates the questions which the research aims to answer.
The statement of the problem is the focal point of any
research.
Hypothesis- a hypothesis is an idea or explanation that you
then test through study and experimentation. Outside science, a
theory or guess can also be called a hypothesis. A hypothesis
is something more than a wild guess but less than a well-
Significance of the Study- it provides details to the reader on
how the study will contribute such as what the study will
contribute and who will benefit from it. It also includes an
explanation of the work's importance as well as its potential
benefits. It is sometimes called rationale.
Conceptual Framework- a conceptual framework is an
analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is used to
make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong
conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a
way that is easy to remember and apply.
Scope and Limitations of the Study- the Scope of study in
the thesis or research paper is contains the explanation of what
information or subject is being analysed. Research usually
limited in scope by sample size, time and geographic area.
While the delimitation of study is the description of the scope
of study.
Limitations are influences that the researcher cannot control.
They are the shortcomings, conditions or influences that cannot
be controlled by the researcher that place restrictions on your
methodology and conclusions. Any limitations that might
influence the results should be mentioned.
Definition of Terms- a definition is something, typically
expressed in words, that attaches a meaning to a word or group
of words. The word or group of words that is to be defined is
called the definiendum, and the word, group of words, or action
that defines it is called the definiens.
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Literature review is an organized summary of materials used
in a certain topic.
A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous
research on a topic. The literature review surveys scholarly
articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of
research. The review should enumerate, describe, summarize,
objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research.
Literatures- related literatures are that written information
mostly intended for journals and are already published.
Studies- related studies can be no far different from related
literature, however, some of the writings may not have been
published, such as dissertations, thesis, etc.
Synthesis- the combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the
methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical
analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a
branch of knowledge.
Research Design- research design is defined as a framework
of methods and techniques chosen by a researcher to combine
various components of research in a reasonably logical manner
so that the research problem is efficiently handled. It provides
insights about “how” to conduct research using a particular
methodology.
Materials and Equipment- research Materials. Datasets, field
notes, oral histories/recordings, publications,
presentations/papers delivered, substantive correspondence, etc.
Research materials include all types of materials generated
and utilized in the scope of scholarly research. Material
handling equipment (MHE) is mechanical equipment used for
the movement, storage, control and protection of materials,
goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing,
distribution, consumption and disposal.
Data Collection Procedure- data collection is the process of
gathering and measuring information on variables of interest,
in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer
stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate
outcomes.
Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the data, analyzes, and interprets the
results. The presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
which are presented here are arranged in accordance with the
order of the problems stated in the first chapter.
Problem 1
Problem 2
Chapter 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, &
RECOMMENDATION
This chapter summarizes the findings gathered from the data
presented in the previous chapter, offers certain
recommendation based on the findings and conclusions.
Summary- an overview of content that provides a reader with
the overarching theme, but does not expand on specific details.
A summary describes a larger work (such as an entire book,
speech, or research project), and should include noticeably less
content then the original work.
Findings- a conclusion reached after examination or
investigation: the finding of a grand jury; a coroner's findings.
The principal outcomes of a research project; what the project
suggested, revealed or indicated. This usually refers to the
totality of outcomes, rather than the conclusions or
recommendations drawn from them.
Conclusions- a conclusion is the last paragraph in your research
paper, or the last part in any other type of presentation. A
conclusion is, in some ways, like your introduction. You restate
your thesis and summarize your main points of evidence for the
reader. You can usually do this in one paragraph.
Recommendations- recommendations are based on the
results of your research and indicate the specific measures or
directions that can be taken. For example, a clinical study
might have implications for cancer research and might
recommend against the use of a particular hazardous substance.