WORK-RELATED LOW BACK PAIN AND ASSOCIATED

FACTORS AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN

ST. PAUL HOSPITAL MILLENNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE

BY:
AZEB BIRHANE (BSc.)

ADVISOR: TEWODROS SHITEMAW (MPH, MSC)

A THESIS PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO YANET COLLEGE

DEPARTEMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE
IN MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH

MARCH 2022
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Name of the principal investigator. Azeb Birhane (BSc. Nurse )

Name of a primary supervisor TEWODROS SHITEMAW (MPH, MSC)

Email:- tewodeross3@gmail.com

Mobile:- 0911068728

The full title of the thesis research work-related low back and associated factor
among health professionals in St. Paul
hospital millennium medical college

Duration of research ( project life) From November 2021- July 2022

Study area St. Paul hospital millennium medical

college, Gullele Sub-city, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.

Address of the investigator Azeb Birhane (BSc. Nurse )

Email azebbirhane71@gmail.com

Phone: 09-12-26-40-19
 ASSURANCE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
I the undersigned agree to accept all responsibilities for the scientific and ethical conduct
of the research project and for the provision of required progress reports as per terms and
conditions of the research publications office in effect at the time of grant is forwarded as
the result of this application. I will provide a timely progress report to my advisors and
seek the necessary advice and approval from my primary advisor in the course of the
research.

• Name of the student: _________________Signature: __________ Date: ________

• Name of the primary advisor : __________ Signature: __________ Date: ________

• Name of the co advisor : ______________ Signature: __________ Date: ________

[ii]
Table of Content
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study........................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the problem.......................................................................................................2
1.3 Significance of the Study.......................................................................................................2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................................4
2.1 Prevalence of low back pain..................................................................................................4
2.2 associated factor....................................................................................................................5
2.2.1. Socio- demographic Factors..................................................................................................6
2.2.2. Personal and Behavioral factors.............................................................................................6
2.2.3. Working Environment Factors...............................................................................................7
2.2.4. Psychosocial factors...............................................................................................................7
2.2.5. Conceptual Framework of Contributors to Lower Back Pain................................................7
3 Objectives......................................................................................................................................9
3.1. General objectives.................................................................................................................9
3.2. Specific objectives.................................................................................................................9
4. Methodology.................................................................................................................................9
4.1. Description of Study Area.....................................................................................................9
4.2. Source population................................................................................................................9
a. Study population....................................................................................................................9
b. Study unit.............................................................................................................................9
c. Study Design and Period.....................................................................................................9
d. Eligible criteria....................................................................................................................10
i. Inclusion criteria..................................................................................................................10
ii. Exclusion criteria...............................................................................................................10
e. Sample Size Estimation.......................................................................................................10
f. Sampling Techniques.........................................................................................................10
g. Study variables...................................................................................................................10
i. Dependent variables..........................................................................................................10
4.9.1 Independent Variables...................................................................................................11
4.10 Operational Definition.......................................................................................................12
4.11 Data collection procedure..................................................................................................12
4.12 Data quality control.............................................................................................................12
4.13 Data processing and analysis............................................................................................13

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 4.14 Ethical consideration.........................................................................................................13
4.15 Dissemination of result........................................................................................................13
5 Work plan....................................................................................................................................14
Budget break down.............................................................................................................................15
6 Reference....................................................................................................................................16

[iv]
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:work plan of research project on Magnitude and associated factor of work related
low back pain among health professional in St. Paul hospital millennium medical college

Table 2: Budget breakdown plan of research project on Magnitude and associated factor
of work related low back pain among health professional in St. Paul hospital millennium
medical college

[v]
LIST OF ACRONYM

WRLBP Work Related Low Back Pain

LBP Low Back Pain
USA United State Of America
SPHMMC St. Paul hospital millennium medical college
WHO World Health Organization
BMI Body Mass Index
IK United King Dom
Wt Weight
HT Height
MSDs Muskulo-Skeletal Disorders
SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science
WRMSDs Work Related Musckulo-Skeletal Disorders

[vi]
 SUMMARY
Background: Work-related lower back pain is one of the common musculoskeletal
disorders affecting all age groups including adults in the workplace. Health professional
are commonly exposed towork-related lower back pain. There is limited information on the
prevalence and associated factors that lead to work-related lower back pain among health
care providers.
Objective: To assessthe magnitude of work-related low back pain and associated factors
among health professionals St. Paul hospital millennium medical college, 2021-2022.
Methods: A Cross-sectional study design will be employed to assess magnitude and
factors associated with work related lower back pain among 457 sampled health
professionals working in St. Paul Hospital millennium medical college selected using
random sampling method. Data will be collected using interviewer administered structured
questionnaire and pretest will be conducted. Data will be entered; cleaned and coded using
EPI info. Version 7.2 analysis will be done using SPSS.V.21. Finally, descriptive result
will be presented using graphs, tables, diagrams. Simple logistic regression analysis at p-
value less than 0.25 will be used to identify candidate variables and Multivariate logistic
regression analysis will be used to identify predictors of prevalence of work related back-
pain at p-value 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Budget and work plan: the total duration of the study projects will be from April 2022-
July 2022, which requires16,576 ETB.

Keyword: Health professional,Work-related lower back pain, Ethiopia

[vii]
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank Yanet College for providing me this opportunity to maintain &
continue my academic pursuits. I also thank St. Paul hospital millennium medical college
for providing primary information to build this proposal.

My acknowledgement also goes to my Advisor Mr. Tewodros Shitemaw (MSC, MPH) for
his valuable guidance throughout the proposal development.

Last but not least, I also thank my friends and family who helped me a lot in my study.

[viii]
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Work related Low Back Pain is a general term used to describe health conditions caused by
exposures in the work place (1). Work-related low back pain (WRLBP) is one of the
musculoskeletal disorders and defined as any back pain originating in the context of work
and considered clinically to have been probably caused, at least in part, or aggravated by
the job climates (2).

It was recognized by world health organization to be targeted by surveillance as one from

the three major occupational Health problems (3). It can be acute, mild & chronic and
identified as major health problem globally and most important cause of disability that
affect work performance and general health conditions (4). Previous studies identified that
being female, married, older age, smoking, lack of regular exercise, being overweight,
involved in works requiring frequent twisting and bending, prolonged standing at the
workplace, inadequate staff, and heavy weight lifting were factors associated with the
experience of low back pain

Prevalence of LBP varied depending on definitions and study populations and also differs
from countries to countries. The point prevalence, or the percentage of people experiencing
LBP at a given moment in time, was reported between 21.5% and 57% (5). One-year
prevalence or LBP event in the past 12 months was reported between 37.8 and 61.3% (6).
The 6-monthprevalence was reported between 40.8 and 42.6%(7),and the lifetime
prevalence was reported between 61.6and 70%(8,9).A multi-dimensional approach like
training in intensive care, maintaining healthy living conditions by avoiding smoking and
reducing excessive body weight are crucial for reducing LBP and providing a manual for
health care workers, is vital to prevent low back pain.

The finding of this study revealed data on the magnitude and associated factors of low
back pain among Health professional in SPHMMC. Identifying factors associated with low
back pain is an important input for hospital administrative bodies to plan and implement
preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk factor and associated decreased quality of
service at SPHMMC. It also helps nurses to modify the behaviors that predispose them to
low back pain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and

[1]
associated risk factors of low back pain among staff employed at SPHMMC, in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.

Statement of the problem

Low back pain, the most commonly reported musculoskeletal problem, is a major burden
on individuals, health systems, and social care systems with the indirect cost being
predominant. LBP has become a growing common symptom and a major health concern
for the economically productive age group in the developing countries It results in
disability, poor service, low quality of life and sickness absences in working places.Direct
healthcare expenditure for low back pain has been reported to range from $50 to $90.7
billion yearly in the US.6–8 Total costs of direct medical expenditures and loss of work
productivity combined related to low back pain have been estimated to be as high as $635
billion annually in the US.9

In different categories of healthcare providers, nurses have the highest incidence of low
back pain. Every year, thousands of nurses around the world face lower productivity,
receiving medical services and early retirement due to low back pain. Some nurses in
intensive care units suffer from low back pain due to prolonged flexion, high workload,
and long patient time. Also, carrying patients and changing their posture requires a set of
movements and postures that bend and twist hands and back, and repetitive movements
cause a lot of compressive forces and shear on the spine. The prevalence
of musculoskeletal disorders in hospital staff showed that the frequency of these disorders
in different organ systems varies.

The prevalence of low back pain among hospital workers in an Italian hospital was found
to be 58.8% (10). In South African government hospitals in the Gauteng Province, 152
physiotherapists between 1 January and 30 August 2006 (11) saw a total number of 5727
low back pain cases. Globally about 37% of Lower Back Pain was caused due to work
related exposure. Work-related lower back pain is one of the major occupational health
problems among different occupation. That is responsible for long period disability; reduce
performance at work, abstainers from work, lost productivity and general well-being (12).

Work related lower back pain constitutes 52-65% of the burden in work related illnesses.
In developed nations various interventions has been taken to reduce the impact, As a result
the magnitude and burden of lower back pain is decrease, absence from work and expanse

[2]
for medical care was reduced, working conditions and various factors that attributed to
development of lower back pain were identified . (13)

The problem of low back pain and its risk factors among health professionals are not well
known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study are aimed to investigate the prevalence and
identify determinants of low back pain among in SPHMMC in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.
1.2 Significance of the Study

Establishment of the work related, lifestyle and associated factors that are associated with
low back pain could lead to better planning and implementation of preventive measures
against low back pain among St. Paul hospital millennium medical college health
professional.It will provide possible information about the influence of LBP. It also gives
information for both city and regional administrators to take action accordingly.

This study will be essential to understand the health care need for LBP. The study will
enable the researcher make the necessary recommendations to the Health Services to help
reduce or eradicate the high prevalence of LBP. Investigating the work-related LBP in
Health professional in the selected setting contributes to the scanty literature, which is
available and improves our understanding of the situation. Moreover, results of the current
study are useful for physiotherapy professionals’ future strategic approaches in primary
and secondary prevention of LBP among health worker. May this research is used as a
reference for other researcher.

In developed country, some study has done on the relationship between works related low
back pain & its associated factor. In Ethiopia scares study has been done on the magnitude
and associated factor of work related low back pain on health professional.

The aim of this study will determine the magnitude of work related low back pain and
factors that are associated with the presence of low back pain among health professional in
St. Paul hospital millennium medical college.

[3]
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Prevalence of low back pain
Lower Back pain is one of the major prevalent health problem affecting peoples
worldwide and the leading cause of morbidity that affect individuals working ability at
work place and general health condition (15).

It is also one of the symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders some scholar said that any
individual can have 80% risk of to affect throughout his life and almost 20-30% of all
peoples at any time (16). Another study reveals that 60-90% Europeans peoples will at risk
of developing LBP in their life and any one in time 15% - 42% (17) .the other similar study
shows that, It was report that LBP was the fifth ranked reason for hospital visit in USA
(16)

The severity, relapse and incidence of LBP is increasing in comparisons with previous
years and also more common among people who sit for long period of time and work
manual activities and most at risk age is from 30-60 years and relatively others age are
rarely affected (18).Similarly one scholar stated that teachers who aged above 40 were two
times more likely to develop LBP than below 30 years (19) . One study stated that
globally, females are more likely to suffer from LBP than males in the age group of 40
years and older (20).

Anotherresearch from china reveals that the prevalence of LBP 45.6% among teachers
which is lower than the result seen in Turkey teachers 43.8-74.9%. Similar study from
Brazil indicated that the experience of this problem among elementary school teachers
were 41.1% (6). However, the prevalence of it in the United Kingdom (UK) accounts for a
40% prevalence in the general working population and that of Germany indicated
that58.9% for LBP in the general population (21, 22).

A cross sectional study was conducted in south India tertiary hospital nurses shows that
Among the study subjects 53.4% had low back pain which was expressed as discomfort in
the lumbosacral region of the back that did or did not radiate to the legs, hips, and
buttocks(23) similar study was done in Turkish hospital staff the prevalence of low back

[4]
pain had been experienced by 1052 respondents, among those respondents 68.2%
reporting back pain lasting at least one, day;78.3% reporting that their LBP had begun after
starting their jop or profession moderate back pain was reported by 63% of respondents&
this leads to them seeking medical care in 33.3% of cases(24)

A cross sectional study was conduct in Tanzania nurses shows that prevalence of low back
pain was 84.13% were among female nurses and 15.87 % among male nurses.(25)

The other similar study done with the aim of examining the prevalence of lower back pain
among hospital staffs in a Nigerian hospital revealed that nurses reported the highest low
back pain occurrence 69%. Still in Nigeria, another study revealed a one year prevalence
of 78% of work related musculoskeletal disorders being experienced by nurses and of
those, 44.1% were related to lower back pain (26). Similar study was reported among
hospital staff in Nigeria where a higher prevalence of LBP was among females than males
(27).

A cross sectional study conducted in Saud Arabia, shows that from 126 participant health
workershows that almost half of the participants (n=61, 48.41%) in the study are
complaining of low back pain.(28)Other, findings from a study conducted among nurses in
both Nigeria and Ethiopia show that LBP prevalence was more predominant among the
female nurses 67.5% than in males 32.5% (29).

Few studies were done in Ethiopia on the prevalence of lower back pain A cross sectional
study done among teachers also showed the prevalence of lower back pain was 57.5%
throughout their job career (30). Similar study done among Taxi drivers of Addis Ababa
also showed that the prevalence of lower back pain was 64.5% (31). And results from
study among workers of garment industry of Addis Ababa indicated that the highest
portion 44.5% of 66% of any part complains of WMSDs (32). , study done among nurses
who were working in Obstetrics and Gynecology Units (26.67%), and tutors (4.17%) with
the difference of larger and identified tutors as less affected.(33). Furthermore, a cross
sectional study done in Jimma Ethiopia revealed that work-related low back pain found to
be 68.7% among public hospitals nurses.(34)

Generally the above study shows that LBP is one of the prevalent health problem both in
developed and in developing countries. From those we see in hospital staff the most
vulnerable people are nurses, speciallyfemale nurses are more over than male.

[5]
2.2 associated factor

Studies grouped associated factors of lower back pain in different ways. Some have
categorized them as physical, psychosocial and individual factors (34, 34). Others have
grouped in to (physical activities), psychosocial factors, and socio-economic factors (35).
In this study the predisposing factors for lower back pain are categorized in the form of
socio-demographic (age, sex, educational status, monthly salaries), personal ( BMI, Wt.,
Ht) and behavioral (physical activities, living style, Alcoholic, smoking), Organizational
factors (employment status, work load, payment methods, working hours, types of work,)
and ergonomics factors (work load, sitting and standing hours, policies, extended work
hours, shift, duties, etc,). But in reality the existence of this risk factor alone may not cause
this problem unless interact to each other. (35)

2.2.1. Socio- demographic Factors

A study conducted in Botswana showed gender and age has significant association with
development of lower back pain, being female and increase in age can aggravate this
problem. Economic and Educational status were also identified as predisposing factors for
lower back pain, studies proved that younger individual who spent many years on
education and with higher economic status was susceptible for this problem. This is due to
access for transportation means like car and motor vehicles rather walking which attributed
to low physical activity. Another Study done among welders also identified age and
duration as welder for more than 15 years has been contributing factor for development of
Lower Back Pain. (36,37) Similar study done in south Africa shows in the study
participate More females (72%) than males (28%) employed at Tshwane District Hospital
participated in this study and of these more females (36%) than males (11%) had low back
pain.& among this 30% of the participants suffering from low back pain were in the 26 to
40 year old age group .(38) A cross-sectional study done among teachers in Ethiopia also
revealed males as the most susceptible group than females, which is contraindicated with
the same study done in Botswana (36, 37).

2.2.2. Personal and Behavioral factors

Physical Exercise has significantly associated with LBP, as exposure time to physical
exercise most of the time more than 5 hour will reduce odd of having this problem when

[6]
comparing with none and less than this time exposed, Walking was the most popular form
of exercise (79%) done by Tshwane District Hospital employees. About 38% of the
walkers experienced low back pain (38). Additionally individual and behavioral /life style
factors such as, body mass index, alcohol drinking cigarette smoking and previous low
back injury/accident were also identified as significantly associated with LBP disability
(39). Similar study done on welders also identified smoking status, and feeling exhausted
at end of the day, and having had a previous illness has significant association with Lower
Back Pain with (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 8.4) (40). A cross sectional study done on hospital
staff in South Africa Of the total sample, 12% of participants were smokers. 39% of
smokers suffered from low back pain on the day of the study. 12% of smokers were female
and 88% were male.(38)This study also reported the association between nutritional status
and lower back pain, most of females developed lower back pain were obsessed with high
BMI (38).

2.2.3. Working Environment Factors

Studies suggested that Lower back pain has been associated with a number of occupational
factors (41, 42). Musculoskeletal disorders were developed majorly due to poor work place
design and when workers try to perform activities above their power as a result the
musculoskeletal system will disturbed or become at risk even loss of function..
Organizational factors such as Work place environment, equipment layout that used to for
work and furniture characteristics are contributing for LBP, for instance the type of chair
on which worker use may influence an alignment of lumbar spine that will lead to LBP
(41). Study confirmed that lack of health and safety training is one of associated factors of
WRLBP, subjects who do not obtain training was greater risk for having WRLBP (43).

Other risk factors identified for development of MSD were physical ergonomic features
such as imbalanced body posture, vibration, long standing&sitting, forceful exertion and
repetitive motions .Some of studies came with evidence of an association between LBP
and work-related lifting and forceful movements (43-44).

2.2.4. Psychosocial factors

According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2000) report a
considerably smaller number of epidemiological studies paid attention to psychosocial risk
factors at work. One study reported that there is a strong association between work related

[7]
psychosocial and Factors such as high workload, high perceived stress level, low job
satisfaction, depression, distress and boring work are most likely to cause lower back pain
among teachers in schools and also ensure people with LBP are likely to have fair or poor
health and are four times more likely to experience psychological distress compared to
people without LBP (45, 46).

2.2.5. Conceptual Framework of Contributors to Lower Back Pain

The Conceptual framework is adopted from different literatures in this study to show an
interaction of various work related factors and outcome variable. It is also help to examine
factors identified within different literatures and its association with development of Lower
Back Pain. Work related lower back pain could result from different factors. Factors that
identified in this study to assess an association with Work related Lower Back Pain is
listed as follow from beginning up to end.Socio - demographic factors (like age, sex,
marital status, working habit, educational status, service year), life style and psychosocial
factors (such as high perceived stress level, low job satisfaction, depression , physical
exercise, smoking behaviors, drinking alcohol and chewing chat andOrganizational factors
(like, employment status, payment methods, working hours, working department, work
place environment, ergonomic factors such as high workload, heavy lifting, awkward back
postures and repetitive training repetitive task within less than 30 seconds and heavy
workload.

Theinteraction of socio-demographic factors and life style and psychosocial factors affects
the lower back indirectly through organizational factors. Organizational and ergonomics
factors are primary factors that directly link with the development of work related lower
back pain among health professional. Organizational related factors either affecting the
workers life style or directly determine the occurrence of work related lower back pain.
The detailed of description of lower back pain and association factors are expressed as
follow on fig. below

[8]
 Psychosocial Factors
- stress level,
-job satisfaction
- Family relation Personal and life style factors -
Body mass index
-physical exercise
-smoking behavior
-alcohol drinking
Organizational factors: -recreation activities
-
-payment methods
-working hours
-total break excluding
lunch time
Health and safety
WORK RELATED LOW BACK
training -repetitive
PAIN Ergonomic
work -high
loaded work, factors
-availability of light -Repetitive tasks,
Types of setting chair
-Heavy
-working
department workload,

Socio demographic
Factors
-Age -Education -
income -marital status

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of Work related lower back pain and associated factors
among health professionals working n St. Paul hospital millennium medical college 2022

[9]
3. OBJECTIVES
3.1. General objectives
To asses prevalence of work related low back pain and associated factor among health
professional in St. Paul hospital millennium medical college, 2022.

3.2. Specific objectives

• To determine the prevalence of work related low back pain among health professional
in St. Paul hospital millennium medical college, 2022.

• To identify associated factor of work related low back pain among health professional
in St. Paul hospital millennium medical college, 2022.

[10]
 4. METHOD AND MATERIAL

4.1. Study Area and period

The study will be conducted from Apr 2022- July 2022 in Addis Ababa, capital and largest
city of Ethiopia which is located on a well-watered plateau surrounded by hills and
mountains in the geographic center of the country. St. Paul hospital millennium medical
college is located at Gulele sub-city kebele 02 and it was founded in 1947 E.C on the
33,000 sq. plot of land. The collage has more than 2,800 Clinical, academic and admin
staff. While the inpatient capacity is 700 beds, more than 2,000 outpatient and emergency
clients have been visiting a health facility daily.

Source population

All health professional who are working in SPHMMC.

a. Study population
All sampled health professional who are working during data collection.
Study unit
All health workers who are randomly selected and participated in this study are sampling
unit
b. Study Design
A cross-sectional study design will used to assess the prevalence of work related lower
Back Pain and identify associated factors among health professionals working in
SPHMMC ,in A/Acity, Ethiopia.

4.2 Eligible criteria

Inclusion criteria
 Subjects in the age of 20-60 years
 Subjects who had 2 years and above service period will be included in the study

Exclusion criteria
 Subjects who had lower back pain history before employed to health profession
 Students and casual workers at SPHMMC

[11]
4.3 Sample Size Estimation
4.3.1 for objective one

For the general objective, sample size calculated by single population proportion formula.
P taken from study done in Jimma, Ethiopia which is 67.8% (34) and the level of
precession set as 5% with 95% confidence level.

The formula set as follows:

n= Z2 pq

d2

Where n=sample size Z=confidence interval 95%=1.96 P=67.8%, d=margin of error =4%

α 2
(Z ) ∗P(1−P)
n ¿
2
2
d
2
(1.96) ∗0.678(1−0.678)
n= 2
=335
0.05

n=335

4.3.2 for objective 2

Epinfo version 7.2 used to determine sample size

Factors Assumptions References

Health and safety training Power=80%, P1=45.9% (43)
P2=72.0, n=162
Sex Power=80%, P1+38.3 (38)
P2=50.9 n=519

The largest sample size is 519

Since the source population size is 1900 we used population correction formula

FPC = n/1+n/N

FPC= 407

Then by considering non response rate of 10% the final sample size become 457

[12]
 Nf=457

4.4 Sampling procedure

Systematic random sampling technique will be used in select each sampling unit. Data will be
collected using a face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaire.

Study variables

4.4.1 Dependent variables

Work related low back pain

4.4.2 Independent Variables

Socio demographic Factors
 Age
 sex
 Weight
 Education
 income,
 marital status
Organizational factors: -
 Employment status
 payment methods
 working hours
 total break excluding lunch time
 health and safety training
 repetitive work
 high loaded work,
 availability of light
 types of setting chair
 working department and
 fitness of working machine with sitting chairs
Personal and life style factors –
 Body mass index
 physical exercise,
 smoking behavior
 alcohol drinking

[13]
  recreation activities
Psychosocial factors
 job satisfaction and job stress,
 relationship with family,
 depression
Ergonomic factors
 Repetitive tasks,
 Heavy work load,
 Availability of light

4.5 Operational Definition

Work-related low back pain (WRLBP) is one of the musculoskeletal disorders, and defined
as any back pain originating in the context of work common clinical symptoms of low
back pain (such as, pain spreading into the buttocks and thighs; pain radiating from
buttocks to the foot; back stiffness and reduced range of motion;) in the leg, foot or toes
and considered clinically to have been probably caused, at least in part, or aggravated by
the job climates.

4.6 Data collection procedure

Each data will be collected by using an adopted data collection tool reviewed by an
investigator. The questionnaire contains 6 domains that can help to identify socio-
demographic characteristics of the participants; anthropometric measures and 4 parts that
will assess the factors related with WRLBP. Five BSc nurses will recruit to collect the
data; selected supervisor will supervise the collection process. Each questionnaire will
code and stored in appropriate area and checked for completeness by principal investigator
during and after data collection.
4.7 Data quality control

The quality of data will assured before, during and after the data collection. The
questionnaire will prepared first in English and then translated into Amharic finally
retranslated back to English to check for consistency. One day training will give for data
collectors based on prepared training manuals and how to use field guiding, procedure of
data collection and review of key terminologies and ethical issue of the study were discuss
in detail by principal investigator prior to the actual data collection. Pretest will be done a
week before actual data collection period on the 5% of the sample size at other hospital

[14]
which has comparative characteristics with the study area and proper amendment will be
made as needed.

During data collection period, the collected data will be checked for completeness and for
its consistencies by the principal investigators and supervisors every day of data collection.
After the data collection, the collected data will rechecked for its completeness and
consistency by the supervisors and principal investigator accordingly.

4.8 Data processing and analysis

Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 computer software program. Tabulation and
percentiles were used to illustrate study findings. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval
will used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables.

4.9 Ethical consideration

The study will be carried out after letter of permission obtained from Yanet Health College
ethical review board and other authorities as needed. The formal letter will be summated to
SPHMMC and verbal consent will obtained from respected participants after a necessary
explanation about the purpose, benefit and risk of the study and their right on decision of
whether or not participating in the study. The study participants was briefly informed that
there is no any direct financial benefit and risk from this study, and the privacy of any
information given by the participant will be protected and all participants selected for
interview were equally treated including with active cases, Concerning confidentiality
rather than name of respondents’ code will be used in the questionnaire. Workers with
active case were also interviewed equally with the others to reduce information bias.
4.10 Dissemination of result
The result obtained from the study will be disseminated to St. Paul hospital, Addis Ababa
Health Bureau, and Peer reviewed journal publication will also be considered., in addition
to this the hard copy of the research will kept in different libraries.

[15]
 s. Tasks to be Responsible
n performed person
o MAR-APR MAY JUNE JULY

1. Data collection All group

period member
2. Data analysis, All group
Interpretation and member
Writing
6. Final Draft paper to All group
advisor member
7 Second Thesis Draft All group
Report to advisor member
8. Third Thesis Draft to All group
advisor member
9. Final research paper All group
submission (with member
soft and hard copy)
1o Final research paper All group
. presentation (Final member
Defense )
11 Last final paper All group
submission member
5 Work plan
The study is planned to be completed by the end of July in the year 2022 starting from April
2022. This time will be allocated for different phases of the research project.

[16]
 Budget break down

Sr Activities & Unit Duration Total

NO- materials breakdown UNIT Quantity price/Birr in days cost/birr
1 Stationary          
Pencil Each 5 10   50
Paper Ream 1 250   250
Binder Each 5 20   100
Time in
Internet access min 1400 1 1400
Subtotal 1800
2 Other          
Person/
Transport day 5 30 4 600
photo copy
questioner page 354*3 3*   3,186

interviewer 5 30br/person 2 10,620

Printer page 70 4 240
Cover page print page 2 15 30
covering Ring 2 50 100
  Sub total         14,776

  Grand total         16,576

Budget breakdown plan of research project on magnitude and associated factor of work related
low back pain among health professional in St. Paul hospital millennium medical college.

[17]
 6 REFERENCE

1. Swift MB , Manno M. Health care utilization & workplace interventions for neck and upper
limb problems among new paper workers; J Occup Environ Med. 20014; 3 (3):265-75.

2. Caleb Ademola Gbiri. Prevalence, Pattern and Impact of Work-related Musculoskeletal

Disorders on Functional Performance of Welders in a Nigeria Rural-Urban Center; JOHE.
Summer. 2012;1 (2).
3. Ebrahimi H , Mohammad beigi. Comparative survey of work related musculoskeletal
disorders (WRMDs) prevalence and related factors in Iranian welders; Pak J Med Sci .2011;
27 (2):282-5.
4. Duthey B. Background Paper Low back pain.; 2013 Contract No. 24.
5. Brendstrup and Biering Effect of fork-lift truck during on low-back trouble.scand J work
Environ Health 2000;13 (5):445-52
6. Ogunbode AM, Adebusoye & Alonge, T. Prevalence of low back pain and associated risk
factors amongst adult patients presenting to a Nigerian family practice clinical hospital-based
study; African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. (2013)
7. Boshuizen C, Hulshof T, Bongers M. Long-term sick leave and disability pensioning due to
back disorders of tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration. Arch Occup. Environ
Health. 2008;62:117–122
8. Folletti I, Belardinelli V, Giovannini G, Cresta B, Fabrizi G, Tacconi C, Stopponi R,
Ferrari L and Siracusa A 2005 Prevalence and determinants of low back pain in hospital
workers, Giornale Italiono di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, 27 (3); 359-361
9.Gauteng Department of Health 2006, Physiotherapy Statistics, Jan-Aug,
Summarised by Retha Jac
10. Kwon MA, Shim WS, Kim MH, Gwak MS, Hahm TS, Kim AS, Kim CS, Chai YLL,Park JH,
Cho HS and Kim TH 2006 A correlation between low back pain andassociated factors: a
study involving 722 patients who had undergone generalphysical examination, Journal of
Korean Medicine, 21 (6); 1086-1091
11. Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C and Kirsten OK 2006 Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence
predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins,
Creative Commons Attribution Lisence, Open access article, viewed 9 February 2006,
www.creativecommons.com
12. Laura Punnett , Deborah Imel Nelson .Estimating the global burden of low back pain
attributable to combined occupational exposures : American Journal of Industrial Medicine,
2005.

[18]
13. WHO. Global health risks report-2009: Apr, 42015.
14.Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C and Kirsten OK 2006 Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence
predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins,
Creative Commons Attribution Lisence, Open access article, viewed 9 February 2006,
www.creativecommons.com

15. Duthey B. Background Paper Low back pain.; 2013 Contract No. 24.
16. Caleb Ademola Gbiri. Prevalence, Pattern and Impact of Work-related Musculoskeletal
Disorders on Functional Performance of Welders in a Nigeria Rural-Urban Center; JOHE.
Summer. 2012;1 (2).
17. Hermans.Work-related Low Back Disorders; European Agency for Safety and Health at
Work: 2000;5.
18, Browning GW. Mechanical low back pain prevalence and cost; 2012.
19. Beyen TK , Zele YT . Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Teachers in Gondar
Town, North Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia ; Occup Med Health Aff. 2013 ; 1:(127).
20. Cardoso.JP, Araújo, Carvalho and Reis. Prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em
professores.Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2009; 12(4):604-14.
21.Naido RC Y. The health and fitness profiles of nurses in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Research
Magazine, 2007.
22. Hasan M. Workplace stress, lifestyle and social factors as correlates of back pain: a
representative study of the German working population. International Archives of
Occupational and Environmental Health. 2005; 78(4): 253-69.
23. NirmalaM Emmanuel, Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Christian Medical
College2015, low back pain among nurses in teriteary hospital
24. azize kerahan,sultan calv, aycel abbasoglu, nevin dogan , 2009low back pain prevalence
& associated factor,
25 .MWILILA.2008WORK-RELATED LOW BACK PAIN AMONG CLINICAL NURSES
INTANZANIA.
26.Tinubu, B.M.S., Mbada, C.E., Oyeyemi, A.L. & Fabunmi, A.A. (2010). Work-Related
Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria: a cross-sectional
survey. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11, 12-20.
27.Sikiru, L. & Hanifa, S. (2010). Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among nurses
in a typical Nigerian hospital. African Health Sciences, 10, 26-30
28. Hasan M. Keriri,2013Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among nurses in
operating rooms, Taif, Saudi Arabia
29.Sikiru and Shmaila, (2009). Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among nurses in
Africa: Nigerian and Ethiopian specialized hospitals survey study. East African Journal of
Public Health, 6, 22-25.

[19]
 30. Mammo ME. Prevalence of Lower Back pain and Associated Factor Among Taxi Drivers
of Addis Ababa, 2015.
31. Girma Z. prevalence of work related MSD and Associated Factors among Garment
Industry Workers Of Addis Ababa; 2015.

. 32. Sikiru LS. Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among nurses in Africa,
Nigerian and Ethiopian specialized hospitals survey study: East African Journal of Public
Health, 2009; 6 (1):22-5.
33.Beyen TK , Zele YT . Low Back Pain and Associated Factors among Teachers in Gondar
Town, North Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia ; Occup Med Health Aff. 2013 ; 1:(127).
34. Regassa TM, Lema TB, Garmomsa GN (2018) Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and
Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Jimma Zone Public Hospitals, South West Ethiopia.
Occup Med Health Aff 6: 279. doi:10.4172/2329-6879.1000279
34.
No table of figures entries found.. Lionel KA. Risk Factors Forchronic Low Back Pain. Journal
of Community Medicine & Health Education,. (2013);4(2).

35. Mwilila.MC. Work-related low back pain among clinical nurses in Tanzania: University
of the Western Cape; 2008.
36. Karahan A KS, Abbasoglu A, Dogan N . Prevalence of Low back pain and associated risk
factors among hospital staff; J Adv Nurs 2009; 65:516- 24.
37. Ebrahimi H , Mohammad beigi. Comparative survey of work related musculoskeletal
disorders (WRMDs) prevalence and related factors in Iranian welders; Pak J Med Sci .2011;
27 (2):282-5.
38.Benita Naude, Johanus burg,2008 Factors Associated with Low Back Pain in Hospital
Employees
39. Malikraj, Ganguly. ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION ON MUSCULOSKELETAL
PROBLEMS AMONG WELDERS ; International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Technology; July-September. 2011: 2(3):33-5.
40. Caleb Ademola Gbiri. Prevalence, Pattern and Impact of Work-related Musculoskeletal
Disorders on Functional Performance of Welders in a Nigeria Rural-Urban Center; JOHE.
Summer. 2012;1 (2).
41. Link CS N, Shaddeau, Birch & Gossman. Lumbar curvature in standing and sitting in two
types of chairs: relationship of hamstring and hip flexor muscle length; Physical Therapy:
1990;70(10):611-8.
42. Mukandoli K. Predisposing factors of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among sedentary
office workers (SOW) in Nairobi, Kenya : University of the Western Cape; 2004.
43. Punnett LW . Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the epidemiologic evidence and the
debate official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 2004;

[20]
43. Mekonnen TH. Work-Related Factors Associated with Low Back Pain Among Nurse
Professionals in East and West Wollega Zones, Western Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional
Study. Pain Ther. 2019 Dec;8(2):239-247. doi: 10.1007/s40122-019-0129-x. Epub 2019 Jun 28.
PMID: 31254256; PMCID: PMC6857114.
14(1).
44.Boshuizen HC, Bongers PM, Hulshof CT. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace
Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal
Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back: National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health. 1997;97(141):Ch 6. 1-96.
45. Burton AK, Balagué. How to prevent low back pain; Best Practice & Research for
Prevention in Low Back Pain, Rheumatology, Guidelines; 2005.
46. Health. Do. Burden of diseasea snapshot in 2013; Brisbane; 2013.

[21]
Annex II: INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Title of the study: magnitude and associated factor Work Related Lower Back Pain
among heath profession workingin St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis
Ababa, Ethiopia. I have been well aware of that this research undertaking is a postgraduate
degree partial fulfillment of research thesis, which is fully supported and coordinated by Yanet
college department of Public Health, and the designate investigator is Azeb Birhane. We have
been fully informed in the language I understand about the research project objective is to
assess prevalence of work related lower back pain and its association factors among health
professional. I have been informed that all the information I shall provide to the interviewer
will be kept confidential. I understood that the research has no any risk. I also knew that I have
the right to withhold information, skip questions to answer or to withdraw from the study any
time I have acquainted nobody will impose me to explain the reason of withdrawal. It is also
enlighten there would have no effect at all in my health benefit or other administrative effect
that I get from the metal factory.

If you want more information and check about this study, you can contact through the
following address.

Investigator: Miss. Azeb Birhane Tel: 09-12-26-40-19 (Mobile)

Advisor: TEWODROS S (MPH, MSC)

Email:- tewodeross3@gmail.com

Mobile:- 0911068728

I have read this form, or it has been read to me in the language I comprehend and understood
the condition stated above, therefore, I am willing and confirm my participation by signing the
consent.

Agreed to participate in the study: Yes /No (mark one of them for verbal consent)

[22]
 Name of witness signature____________________ (Data collector)

Date____________________

ANNEX III- QUESTIONNAIRE- ENGLISH VERSION

Code /__/ /__/__/_ /

Instruction for interviewer please fills correctly this part.

Part 0: Address S.No Question Answer

001Interview Date

/__/__/ /__/__/ /__/__/__

Part 1: Respondent’s personal information

Next I would like to ask you about your demographic information. Please provide your
genuine response. S.no Question Answer Skip
1 How old are you in a completed year ?
1.____________ years
2 Sex of the selected person?
A. Male B . Female
3 What is your current marital status?
A. Married B. SingleC. Divorced
D. WidowedE. living together
4 What is Educational status of the respond
A. Secondary level education (9-12)B. Doctor C. Health officer
D. Nurse E. midwife F. Other, specify____
5 What monthly gross incomes do you earning?
1. ------------- birr
Part 2: Personal and life style factors associated with WRLBP among health profession
Next I would like to take your Anthropometric Measurements.
Instruction for Interviewer: Be sure you were used materials needed for this activity and all
scales are functional.
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURMENTS S.no Question Answer Skip

[23]
6 Height in meter?
.________meter
7 Weighing in kg?
. ________ kg
8 What is your BMI (body mass index)?
Hint: ( Wt-in Kg/(Ht-m)2
A. Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) B. Healthy (18.5–24.9 kg/m2)
C. Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) D. Obese (≥30 kg/m2)
2.2. Next I would like to ask you information about your personal and life style. Please
provide your genuine response S.no Question Answer Skip

9 Do you have Habit of doing physical exercise at least twice per week for 30 minutes?
( planned and Scheduled physical exercise activities)
A. Yes B. No
10 If yes for Q. 11 how often?
A. Two times per week B. ≥Three times per week
11 How do you mostly pass your recreation time?
A. Watching moviesB. reading books
C. visiting FamilyD. Others specify ___________
12 Are you currently Smoking cigarette?
A. Yes B.No
13 If your answer for question number 12 is yes, how many cigarette of stick/packet do you
mostly smoke per day?
A. ----------sticksB. ----------packet
14 Do you currently drink alcohol?
A. Yes B. No
15 If Quest. Number 14 is yes, how often do you drink alcohol per week?
. __________ Days.
16 Are you currently chewing chat?
A. Yes B. No
If Quest. Number 16 is yes, how often do you chew the chat per week?_____________ days

Part 3: Organizational and Occupational factors associated with WRLBP among health
profession
The following few questions are focusing on your occupational factors. Please give your
genuine response. S.no Question Answer Skip

17 What is your Employment status?

A. Temporary B. Permanent
Part 4: Psychosocial factors associated with WRLBP among health profession

[24]
 Questions to measure job stress and satisfaction related QuestionsS.noQuestion Answer Skip

18 How do you define your current relationship with your workmates?

A. Good B. Fair C. Bad
19 What is your Payment method?
(More than one options are possible )
A. Hourly payment B. Fixed monthly payment
C. Per production payment D. Specify others ___________
20 Overall, how-many- years have you been worked as health professional?
(Including other organization as health professional)
. ---------- Years
21 How many hours do you mostly work per day?
. ________________ hours
22 How many days do you mostly work per week (from Monday to Sunday)?
. --------------- days
23 What is your mostly total working breaks excluding lunch time per day?
A. None B. less than 15 minutes C. above or Equal to 15 minutes
24 Does your current job give you personal satisfaction?
A. Very satisfied C. Neutral E. Very unsatisfied
B. Satisfied D. Unsatisfied

25 Do you think you have enough rest breaks?

A. Totally agreeC. Neutral E. Totally disagree
B. Agree D. Disagree

26 Do you think you have heavy workload?

A. Totally agree C. Neutral E. totally disagree
B. Agree D. disagree
27 Do you think you have a stressful job?
A. Totally agree C. Neutral E. totally disagree
B. Agree D. disagree
Part 5: Ergonomics factors associated with WRLBP among health profession
The following few questions are focusing on ergonomics. Please give your genuine response.
S. No Questions /variables Possible answer Skip to

28 Do you often lift high loaded objects?

A. Wt > 5kg? B.Wt > 10kg? C. Wt > 20kg? D. Wt > 50kg?B. Never
29 If above Quest. Yes, How long do you often lift an object?
_________minutes

[25]
30 Is sufficient light available in your working area?
A. Yes B. No
31 Have you got any training related to occupational Health and safety in the past 12 months?
A. Yes B. No

Part 6: Health History

The following few questions are focusing on your history of health. Few Questions may be that
happened before some years back, Please give your genuine response.
Instruction for Interviewer: - Please probe for this part of questions

32 Have you had lower back pain in the area between 12th ribcage and pelvic region during the
past 7 days which lasts a day?
Yes B. No
33. If your answer for question no. 32 is yes, for how many days it lasts in total during the past 7
days this lower back pain?
. ______ Days
34. How do you grade the level of your pain?
A. severB. Medium C. Low
35. For how many days in total have you absent from work in the past 7 days due to low back
pain?
.__________ Days
36. Has the pain spread down your leg to blow your knee during past 7 days?
A. yes B. No
37. How was the nature of lower back pain, when started you for the first time?
A. Gradually B. Suddenly C. Suddenly outside of
work
38. Have you remembered the immediate cause of lower back pain on first onset?
A. Yes B. No
39. If the answer for Qust.42 is yes, what was the main cause?
(More than one option is possible)
A. Lifting load B. Twisting at work
C.Bent forward D. Specify other.__
40. Which factors mainly increase the lower back pain in your activities?
(More than one option is possible)
A. Walking B. Prolonged standingC. Sitting
D. Laying down backward E. Side sleep F. Specify others.
41. Which factors mainly relieving back pain in your activities?
(More than one option is possible)
[26]
 A. Walking B. Sitting
C. Lay down backward D. Side sleeping F. Specify others _______
42. Have you got health care for your lower back pain by trained health professional in the past
12 months? Trained health professional ( MD, HO, Nurses)
A. Yes B. No
43. If Q. 42is yes, the majority of medical expanse was spent by whom?
A Privet B. Organization/Insurance 3. Specify others ------------

44. In the past 12 months how many was the total Birr you spent for this medical cost? (If the
expanse was covered by private )
. ____________ Birr In the past 12 months how many was the total Birr an
organization/Insurance spent for the medical care? (If the expanse was covered by
organization/ insurance )
._______________ Birr

End of interview Thank you very muchI have finished. Thank you very Much!!
Finishing Time: -------------------------------- Duration of Interview ________________
Name of Supervisor __________________ Date ___________________________

[27]
Annex- IV: Amharic Version Participant’s Information Sheet
በያኔትጤናሳይንስኮላጅፐብሊክሄልዝትምህርትቤትየጥናቱመግለጫናየፍቃደኝነትመስጫየአማርኛቅፅ፡፡
መግቢያ፡- ጤናይስጥልኝእንደምንአለ ? እኔ------------------ እባላሁ፡፡
እዚህየመጣሁትይህንንጥናትየሚያካሄዱበያኔትጤናሳይንስኮላጅፐብሊክሄልዝትምህርትክፍልየድህረምረቃተ
ማዎችወክዬነው፡፡በቅ/
ጳውሎስሆስፒታልሚሊኒየምሜዲካልኮሌጅበሚሰሩየጤናሠራተኞችበስራምክንያትየሚከሰቱየጀርባህመምመጠንና
ተያያዥመንስኤዎችጥናትነው፡፡
ስሇዚህበጥናቱላይተሳትፎለማድረግወይምላለማድረግእንዲወስኑበቅድሚያየተወሰነመረጃእንሰጥዎታለን፡፡
የጥናቱርዕስ፡በቅ/
ጳውሎስሆስፒታልሚሊኒየምሜዲካልኮሌጅበሚሰሩየጤናሠራተኞችበስራምክንያትየሚከሰቱየጀርባህመምመጠንና
ተያያዥመንስኤዎችለማጥናትነው፡፡
የጥናቱጥቅም:
ይህጥናትሇተሳታፊውተሳታፊበመሆናቸውበቀጥታየሚያገኙትየገንዘብ፣የጤናእንክብካቤምሆነሌሎችጥቅ
ሞችየለትም፡፡ነገርግንበሂደትየጥናቱውጤትለሚመለከተውአካላትእንደግብዓትነትያገሇግላሌ፡፡
በተለይበመስኩእንደመነሻመረጃበመሆንያገለግላል፡፡
የጥናቱጉዳት፡የቃሇ ለመጠይቁተሳታፊበጥናቱየሚደርስባቸውምንምዓይነትጉዳትአይኖርም፡፡
ሚስጥራዊነት፡ተሳታፊዎችስማቸውንእንዲጠቅሱአይጠበቅም፡፡
ማንኛውንምተሳታፊዎችየሚሰጡትንመረጃበሞላሚስጥራዊነቱእንዲጠበቅየጥናቱስነ-
ምግባርያስገድዳልበመሆኑምተሳታፊውየሚሰጠውመረጃሚስጥራዊነትስለሚኖረውተሳታፊውከአስተዳደራ
ዊጫናነፃነው፡፡
የተሳታፉዎችመብት፡- ተሳታፊውበዚህጥናትላይየመሳተፍወይምአለመሳተፍመብቱየተጠበቀነው፡፡
በመሳተፍላይእያለካልፈለጉበማንኛው ም ሰዓት ማ ቋ ረ ጥ ወይ ምከጥ ያ ቄ ዎ ቹ ው ስ ጥ የ ማ ይ ፈልጉትን ጥ ያ ቄ አ ለመ
መለስይቻላለ፡፡ቃለ-መጠይቁበአማካይ 10-15 ደቂቃይወስዳል፡፡
በቃለመጠይቁወቅትግልጽያልሆነንነገርመጠየቅይቻላል፡:
መገናኘትየሚፈልጉከሆነ፡-
የጥናቱተሳታፊስሇጥናቱሁኔታእናይዘትግልፅካልሆነሇትበማንኛውምሰዓትመረጃየመጠየቅመብትአ ለው፡፡

[28]
 በዚህምየ ጥናቱአስተባባሪስምአዜብብርሃኔ /09-12-26-40-
19 እናየጥናቱአማካሪስምአ/ቶቴድሮዎስማግኘትይችላለ፡፡/በዚህሰዓትስለቃለመጠይቁዓላማወይምይዘትየ
ሚጠይቁኝነገርአለ? በጥናቱለመሳተፍፍቃደኛነዎት?
የፍቃደኝነትመግለጫቅፅ
ከዚህበላይስለጥናቱየተጻፈውንመግለጫበሚገባኝቋንቋአንብቤወይምተነቦልኝተረድቻለሁ፡፡
በማንኛውምሰዓትከጥናቱያሇምንምቅጣትማቋረጥእንደምችልተረድቻሇው፡፡በመሆኑምበዚህ
1. እስማማለሁ 2. አልስማማም
(መሌሱእስማማለሁከሆነወደሚቀጥለውገፅይሻገሩ፡፡
መልሱአልስማማምከሆነአመስግነውወደሚቀጥለውሠራተኛይሂዱ፡፡
የጥናቱፍቃደኛያልሆኑበትንምክንያትበመጠየቅናበማስታወሻላይበመያዝለጥናቱተቆጣጣሪሪፖርትያድርጉ፡፡
መለያኮድቁጥር ----------------------- የተጀመረበትሰዓት፡ያለቀበትሰዓት-----------------------
የቃለመጠይቅአድራጊዉ፡-ስም ------------------------------- መለያኮድቁጥር-------------------------
ቃሇመጠይቁንያረጋገጠዉሱፐርቫይዘርስም
___________ ፊርማ _____________
የአጥኚዎችፊርማ 1 ፡-__________________________ ቀን -----------------------------------
ANNEX V- QUESTIONNAIRE- Amharic Version
መሇያ/__/ /__/__/_ /
የአማርኛመጠይቅበህክምናሙያስራላይበተሰማሩሰዎችዙርያየሚዯረግየጀርባህመምዯሰሳጥናት፡፡በቅ/
ጳውሎስሆስፒታልሚሊኒየምሜዲካልኮሌጅ፡፡
መጠይቁየተካሄዯበትቀን
/__/__/ /__/__/ /__/__/__/__/
ክፍላ 1፡- ማህበራዊመረጃዎችንበተመሇከተየሚቀርብመጠይቅ
ከዚህቀጥሎስለእርሶግላዊመረጃአሁንእጠይቅዎታለሁ፡፡እባክዎንትክክለኛዉንምላሽይስጡ፡፡
1. እድሜዎስንትነዉ?
. እድሜበዓመት -------------
2. የፆታሁኔታ
A. ወንዴ B. ሴት
3. የጋብቻዎሁኔታ
A. ያገባ/ች. B.ያላገባ/ች C. የፈታ/ች
D. የሞተባት/በት E. አብረዉየሚኖሩ
4. ሙያዎምንድንነው?
A. HO B clinical nurse bsc nurse CGP
D specialist ,,
5. የወርገቢዎምንያህልነው.

-----------------ብር

[29]
 ክፍሌ 2. የአንትሮፔትሪክመሇክያእናከግሊዊባህሪእናየአኗኗርዘይቤሊይያተኮሩጥያቄዎች፡፡
2.1. የአንትሮፔትሪክመሇክያ
ቀጥልቁመቶንእናክብዯቶንእሇካሇሁኝ፡እባኮትንእንዴትተባበሩኝዯግሜእጠይቃሁኝ፡፡
ተ.ቁጥያቄና ማጣሪያ የመሌስአ ማ ራ ጭ ና መሇያይዘሇሊላ
6. የሰውነትቁመትበሜትር
. ------- ሜትር
7. የሰዉነትክብዯትበኪ.ግ
. ------- ኪ.ግ
8. የሰውነትክብዯትከቁመትጋርሲነፃፀር (BMI) BMI= (ክብዯትበኪ.ግ) /(ቁመትበሜትር )2
A. ዝቅተኛክብዯት (<18.5 ኪ.ግ/ሜ 2) B. ጤናማክብዯት (18.5–24.9 ኪ.ግ/ሜ 2)
C. ከፍተኛክብዯት (25–29.9 ኪ.ግ/ሜ 2) D. ከመጠንበሊይውፍረት(≥30 ኪ.ግ/ሜ 2)

ከግሇሰባዊባህሪእናየአኗኗርዘይቤጋርየተያያዙጥያቄዎች፡፡
ከዚህበታችየቀረቡጥያቄዎችበስራምክንያትየሚከሰቱየጀርባህመምመጠንናከግሇሰባዊባህሪእናየአኗኗርዘይቤ
ጋርተያይዞያለመንስኤዎችሊይያተኩራሌ፡፡ተ.ቁጥያቄና ማጣሪያየ መሌስአ ማ ራ ጭ ና መሇያይዘሇሊላ

9. የአካልብቃትእንቅስቃሴበሳምንትቢያንስ 2 ቀንለ 30 ደቂቃያክልየመስራትልማድአለዎት ?

(በአግባቡፕሮግራምወጥቶለትየሚደረግስፖርታዊእንቅስቃሴማለትነዉ )
A. አዎ B. አይ
10. መልስዎአዎከሆነበአብዛኛዉበየስንትቀንነዉየምትሰሩት?
A. በሳምንትሁለትቀን B. በሳምንትከሶስትቀንበላይ
11. በአብዛኛዉየትርፍጊዜዎንእንዳትያሳሌፊለ ?
A. መዝናኛፉሌምበማየት B. መፅሐፍትበማንበብ
C. ዘመዴበመጠየቅ D. ላሊካሇይገሇፅ -----------
12. በአሁኑሰዓትሲጃራታጨሳለህ/ሽ?
A. አዎ B. አይ
13. የጥያቄቁጥር 15 መሌሱአዎከሆነበብዛትበቀንምንያክሌያጨሳለ?
A. --------ፍሬ/በቀን B . -------ፓክ/በቀን
14. በአሁኑሰዓትማንኛዉንምዓይነትየአልኮልመጠጥይጠጣሉ ?
A. አዎ B. አይ
15. የጥያቄቁጥር 14 መሌሱአዎከሆነበሳምንትሇምንይህሌቀንይጠጣለ
?
. ----------------- ቀን
16. በአሁኑሰዓትጫትይቅማለ?
A. አዎ B. አይ
17. የጥያቄቁጥር 19 መልሱአዎከሆነበሳምንትለምንይህልቀንይቅማለ?

[30]
 . ----------------- ቀን
ክፍሌ. 3. ከስራእናስራአከባቢጋርየተያያዙጥያቄዎች

18. የቅጥርዎሁኔታምንዴነዉ?
A. ጊዜያዊ B. በቋሚነት
19. የክፍያዎሁኔታምንድነዉ?
(ከአንዴበሊይመሌስይቻሊሌ)
A. በሰዓት B. በቋሚዯሞወዝ
C. በምርትሌክ

20. በዚህስራላይምንያህልዓመትየስራሌምዴአለዎት ?
(በተመሳሳይስራበሌላመስርያቤትምያሳለፉትንጊዜንምይጨምራል)
.------------- ዓመት
21. በአብዘኛዉበሳምንትዉስጥለምንያህል ቀንበስራዎለይያሳልፋሉ?
-----------------ቀን
22. በቀንዉስጥከምሳሰዓትውጭበአብዘኛዉለምንያህልደቂቃእረፍትያገኛሉ ?
(አንደንምርጫብቻይምረጡ)
A. ምንምየለም B. ≤ 15 ዯቂቃ
C. ≥ 15 ዯቂቃ
ክፍሌ 4. ከስነሌቦናጋርየተያያዙጥያቄዎች፡፡
23. በአሁኑሰዓትከመስርያቤትዎየስራባሌዯረቦች (ተቆጣጣሪ፤አሇቃንጨምሮ) ጋርያሌዎትንግንኙነት/ቀርበት/
እንዳትይገሌጹታሌ?
A. ጥሩ B. መጠነኛ
C. ጥሩያሌሆነ
24. አሁንእየሰሩባሇዉስራእርካታየሰሞታሌ?
A. አዎ B.አይዯሇም
25. በስራዎሊይበቂየዕረፍትጊዜአግንቼኋሇሁብሇዉያስባለ?
A. አዎ B.አይዯሇም
26. በመስርያቤትዎከፍተኛየስራጫናአለብኝብለዉያስባ ሉ?
A. አዎ B.አይሉም
27. የስራዎሁኔታያጨናንቀኛሌብሇዉያስባለ?
A. አዎ B.አይዯሇም
ክፍሌ 5፡ከሰራተኞችየስራሁኔታ/ERIGONOMICS/ ጋርየተያያዙጥያቄዎች፡፡
28. በመዯበኛስራዎቦታሊይዴግግሞሽየበዛበትስራ (በየ 30 ሴኮንዴየሚዯጋገምዴግግሞሽስራ) ይገጥሞታሌ?
1. አዎ 2.አይዯሇም

[31]
29. በብዛትበስራዎሊይእያለከፍተኛክብዯትያሊቸዉንዕቃዎችያነሳለ?
A. አዎ B.አይዯሇም
30. ጥያቄቁጥር 502 መሌሱአዎከሆነሇምንያክሌዯቂቃይዘዉይቆማለ?
. --------------- ዯቂቃ
31. በመዯበኛነትየስራክፍልትሊይበቂየሆነብርሃንአሇ?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
32. ከሙያዯህንነትጋርበተያያዘበዚህ 12 ወራትውስጥየተሰጦትስሌጠናአሇ?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
ክፍላ 6.ከጀርባህመምጋርተያይዘዉያለህክምናታሪክ፡፡
6.1. ባሇፈት 7 ቀናትውስጥበስራምክንያትየሚከሰቱየጀርባህመምመጠንሇማወቅየተዘጋጀመጠይቅ::
ጥ(601-608)
ከዚህበታችየቀረቡትንጥያቄዎችየእርሶንየጤናታሪክየተመሇከቱናቸዉ፡፡
የተወሰኑጥቄዎችከጥቂትቀናትበፉትሇተከሰቱሁኔታዎችሉሆኑይችሊለ፡፡
ተ.ቁጥያቄና ማጣሪያ የመሌስአ ማ ራ ጭ ና መሇያ ዝሇለ
33. ባሇፈት 7 ቀናት (በአንዴሳምንት)
ውስጥቢያንስሇአንዴቀንየቆየየታችኛዉጀርባዎሊይየህመምስሜትተሰምትዎትነበር?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
34. ሇጥያቄተራ ቁ ጥር 37 መሌሱአዎከሆነየህመሙስሜትሇምንያህሌቀናትነበርየቆየቦት?
.------------- ቀናት
35. በአሁኑሰዓትየጀርባዎንህመምበዯረጃእንዳትይገሌፁታሌ?
A. ከፍተኛ B. መካከሇኛ
C.ዝቅተኛ
ባሇፈት 7 ቀናትበአጠቃሊይሇስንትቀንነበርበጀርባዎእናዲላዎህመምምክንያትከስራዎሊይየቀሩት?
.------------- ቀን

36. ባሇፈት 7 ቀናትዉስጥከጀርባዎእናዲላዎበተጨማሪበእግርእናጉሌበትዎአከባቢየህመምስሜትነበርዎት?

A. አዎ B. የሇም
37. ሇመጀመርያ ጊ ዜህመሙበጀርባዎአከባቢሲጀ ምሮ ትየነበረዉንሁኔታየሚገጸዉየቱነዉ ?
(ሁለምአማራጫችይነበብሊቸዉ )
A. ቀስበቀስ B. ዴንገትስራሊይ
C. ዴንገትከስራዉጪ
38. ሇመጀመርያጊዜየጀርባህመ ም ሲ ጀ ም ር ዎ ት ትክክሇኛዉንመንስዔያስታዉሱነበር?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
39. ጥያቄቁጥር 42 መሌሱአዎከሆነበዋናነትምክንያቱምንነበር?

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 (ሁለምአማራጫችይነበብሊቸዉ)
(ከአንዴበሊይመምረጥአይቻሌም)
A. ከባዴዕቃማንሳት B. ወዯኋሊዞሮመስራት
C. ማጎነበስ D. ላሊካሇይጥቀሱ----
6.2. ባሇፈት 12 ወራትውስጥበስራምክንያትየሚከሰቱየጀርባህመምመጠንሇማወቅየተዘጋጀመጠይቅ::
ከዚህበታችየቀረቡትንጥያቄዎችየእርሶንየጤናታሪክየተመሇከቱናቸዉ፡፡
የተወሰኑጥቄዎችከጥቂትወራትበፉትሇተከሰቱሁኔታዎችሉሆኑይችሊለ፡፡
40. ባሇፈት 12 ወራትውስጥቢያንስሇአንዴቀንየቆየየበታችኛዉጀርባዎሊይየህመምስሜትተሰምትዎትነበር?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
41. ሇተራቁጥር 609 መሌሱአዎከሆነየህመሙስሜትበጠአጠቃሊይሇምንያህሌቀናትነበርየቆየቦት?
.------------- ቀናት
42. በአብዛኛዉየጀርባዎንህመምስሜትበዯረጃእንዳትይገሌፁታሌ?
(ሁለምአማራጫችይነበብሊቸዉ)
A. ከፍተኛ B. መካከሇኛ
C.ዝቅተኛ

43. ባሇፈት 12 ወራትበአጠቃሊይሇስንትቀንነበርበጀርባዎህመምምክንያትከስራዎሊይየቀሩት?

.------------- ቀን
44. ባሇፈት 12
ወራትዉስጥከጀርባዎእናዲላዎህመምበተጨማሪበእግርእናጉሌበትዎአከባቢየህመምስሜትነበርዎት?
1. አዎ 2. የሇም
45. ሇመጀመርያ ጊ ዜህመሙበጀርባዎአከባቢሲጀ ምሮ ትየነበረዉንሁኔታየሚገጸዉየቱነዉ ?
(ባሇፈት 12 ወራት) (ሁለምአማራጫችይነበብሊቸዉ )
A. ቀስበቀስ B. ዴንገትስራሊይ C. ዴንገትከስራዉጪ
46. ሇመጀመርያጊዜየጀርባእናዲላዎህመ ም ሲ ጀ ም ር ዎ ት ትክክሇኛዉንመንስዔያስታዉሳለ?
A. አዎ B. የሇም
47. ጥያቄቁጥር 50 መሌሱአዎከሆነበዋናነትምክንያቱምንነበር?
(ሁለምአማራጫችይነበብሊቸዉ ) (ከአንዴበሊይመምረጥአይቻሌም)
A. ከባዴዕቃማንሳት B. ወዯኋሊዞሮመስራት
C. ሳጎነብስ D. ላሊካሇይጥቀሱ.---------
48. የጀርባእናዲላዎአከባቢህመምበዋናነትየሚያብስቦትንምክንያቶችንይጥቀሱ?
A.የእግርጉዞ B. ሇረጅምጊ ዜመ ቆ ም C. መቀመጥ
49. የጀርባእናዲላዎአከባቢህመምዎንበዋናነትየሚያስታግሱሌዎእንቅስቃሴየቱነዉ?
(ከአንዴመሌስበሊይአይቻሌም)

[33]
 A. መራመዴ B.መቀመጥ
C. በጀርባመተኛት D. በጎንመተኛት E. ላሊካሇይጥቀሱ
----------
ጨርሻለሁ !!! ስለትብብርዎእናመሰግናለን!!!!!!!!
ቃለምለሌሱየቆየበትበትሰዓት፡- --------------------------- ቀን.------------------------------
የተቆጣጣሪዉስምእናፉርማ፡- ------------------------------

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