Subject Shit

1. Single phase IM: brief description of the operating principle:

Are machines used mainly in motor mode, at reduced nominal powers. If the stator winding is supplied
with AC current, it will generate a pulsating magnetic field. Two magnetic fields are developed in the
machine, a direct one which spins with the synchronous speed and an inverse one which spins as well
with the synchronous speed but in reverse direction.

S_d – direct slip; S_i – inverse slip; n_1 – synch speed; n – nominal speed;

2. Single phase IM: starting process description:

A popular starting method implies the use of an auxiliary winding, phase-shifted by π/2 with respect to
the main one (with the help of a capacitor). The auxiliary phase is supplied with the same voltage as the
main one, but, due to the presence of the capacitor, it will have a current phase-shifted compared with
the main winding current. Thus, a small starting torque in direct sense appears.
At some of these motors, the auxiliary winding is used only at start-up, while at others is permanently
present, the capacitor being responsible for the phase shift of the currents form the two phases. This
latter type has characteristics comparable with the ones of 3~ motors and are actually ~ motors. Other
motors of this kind rely on two capacitors, the second one being used only for starting purposes; it is
disconnected during load operation.

3. Advantages/disadvantages of the universal motor:

4. Comparison between SynRM and SRM in terms of construction:
5. Comparison between SynRM and SRM in terms of control:

6. BLDC: generalities

Its lifetime is long because has no brushes to wear. Speed and acceleration are high.
Its efficiency is high compared to brushed one. When we talk about electrical noise this
motor is quiet. Acoustic noise & torque ripple is medium or good . The costs are
medium because there are added electronics.
7. Stepper motors: generalities

8. Servo motors: generalities

9. Wind turbines technology (the 4 bock diagrams drawings)

SCIG – SQUIRREL >:( NICHOLAS CAGE INDUCTION MAMA GENERATOR

WRIG – WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION GENERATOR
PMSG – PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCH GENERATOR

10. Give the droop definition and write the corresponding formulas:
11. Synchronous generator: Capability curve

P_g – active power gen P_max – active power max P_min- active power min N–
point of intersection between Pg and Qg Q_g - reactive power gen Q_max – reactive
power max Q_min – reactive power min.

12. What means STATCOM, what is its role and how the one-line diagram looks like?
The STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) performs smooth variation of reactive
current across it’s operating range with high dynamics.
2 – INDUCTORS | FILTER
1 – CAPACITOR |
IGBT + DIODE SWITCH
C - CAPACITOR
13. Draw the block diagram of a HVDC system:

HVDC – HIGH VOLTAGE DC CABLE; VSC – VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER; T – TRANSFORMER

WITH 2 WINDINGS; AC – AC VOLTAGE SOURCE; IGBT SWITCH

14. Compare the BEVs, PHEVs and HEVs based on their components:
BEV: Powered solely by an electric battery, with no gas engine parts. Most BEVs are capable of
fast charging and L2 charging. Zero emissions.
PHEV: Similar to a Hybrid, but with a larger battery and electric motor. Has a gas tank and a
charging port. Can charge by using L2 chargers.
HEV: Low-emission vehicles that use an electric motor to assist gas-powered engines. All energy
comes from gasoline.

15. Draw the Torque and Power demand curve in battery Evs:
16. Enumerate the EV Powertrain components:
Electric traction motor, Power electronics controller, DC/DC converter, Thermal system
(cooling), Tranction battery pack, Charge port, Transmission, Onboard charger, Battery.

17. Classify (in deacreasing order), the Motors used in commercial EVs based on cost and
efficiency.
Cost: Induction Motor, Synchronous Reluctance, Brushed, Permanent Magnet.
Efficiency: Permanent magnet, Synchronous Reluctance, Induction, Brushed.

18. What is the role of The Direct-Quadrature-Zero (dq0) Transformation and where is it used?