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1.1 Training Course - 5g Beam Management
1.1 Training Course - 5g Beam Management
1 Beam Management
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Figure out enhanced functions of 3D Coverage Pattern. (Confidential! Only for internal
study, NOT for External Communication!)
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Change History
19B introduces the following changes to 19A:
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Contents
1. Basic Beam Management
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
3. Feature Activation
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Beam Management Overview
Beam management definition
Beam management refers to the management of scanning, reporting, and maintenance of static beams. It
enhances cell coverage and reduces system overhead. The purpose of beam management is to select
appropriate static beams for each channel.
Beamforming and beam management
Beamforming (BF) uses weighting for transmit signals and forms them into narrow beams directed at target UEs
or in other specific directions. If the weighting used for beamforming is preset, beam management is required. If
dynamic weighting is used, beam management is not required. For details about beamforming, see MIMO.
Channel Technology Reference Document
Broadcast channels: physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and 4.1.1 Beam Management of Cell-Level
Beam management
synchronization signal (SS) Broadcast Channels in Beam Management
• Data channels: physical downlink shared channel
(PDSCH) and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
• 4.1.2 User-Level Static Beam
• Control channels: physical uplink control channel Beam management
Management in Beam Management
(PUCCH) and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and beamforming
• MIMO
• Channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) and
tracking reference signal (TRS)
Page 5
Beam Management and Its Subitems
In an LTE TDD network, a single, wide beam is used to
cover an entire cell. In an NR network, the cell is
Cell-Level covered using a series of narrow beams broadcast at
Beam different angles at different moments, as shown in the
Management figure on the right. The UE scans each of these
individual narrow beams to identify the best beam to use
for synchronization and system message demodulation.
Beam
Management
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Contents
1. Basic Beam Management
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
3. Feature Activation
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
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Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
Broadcast beams can be used in various scenarios, such as buildings or public squares.
In business districts, there are both public In inter-cell interference scenarios, beams with
squares and high-rise buildings. Beams providing narrow horizontal scanning scope are used to
large horizontal and vertical coverage are used. avoid strong interference sources.
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Broadcast Beam Protocol
The NR control channel supports narrow beams, greatly improving coverage.
NR beamforming
and scanning
NR broadcast channel:
➢ The sweeping of a maximum of 8
beams is supported on C-band or
2.6 GHz band.
➢ The scanning of a maximum of 64
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4
beams is supported on high
frequency bands.
DL DL DL DL UL
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Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
5G RAN2.1 supports a large number of AAUs. The following table lists supported coverage scenarios except the DEFAULT scenario.
Horizontal Vertical 3 Tilt
Coverage
Scenario ID Scenario Description 3 dB dB Adjustment Azimuth Adjustment Range
Scenario
Beamwidth Beamwidth Range
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used to provide wide horizontal coverage.
This type of configuration is suitable for public squares or large buildings. The
SCENARIO_1 Square horizontal coverage in this scenario is better than that in SCENARIO_2. The 110° 6° –2° to +9° 0°
coverage near the cell center in this scenario is slightly poorer than that in
SCENARIO_2.
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used. When there are strong interference
sources in neighboring cells, the horizontal coverage of a cell can be reduced to
SCENARIO_2 Interference 90° 6° –2° to +9° –10° to +10°
mitigate the interference from neighboring cells. This configuration is suitable for
low-rise coverage as the vertical coverage angle is the smallest.
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used. When there are strong interference ⚫ –22° to +22°
sources in neighboring cells, the horizontal coverage of a cell can be reduced to ⚫ 32T 8H4V (AAU5310): The azimuth
SCENARIO_3 Interference 65° 6° –2° to +9°
mitigate the interference from neighboring cells. This configuration is suitable for cannot be adjusted in this scenario.
low-rise coverage as the vertical coverage angle is the smallest. ⚫ 8T 8H1V (RRU5258): –10° to +10°
⚫ –32° to +32°
SCENARIO_4 Building This configuration is for low-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 45° 6° –2° to +9°
⚫ 8T 8H1V (RRU5258): –22° to +22°
⚫ –42° to +42°
SCENARIO_5 Building This configuration is for low-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 25° 6° –2° to +9°
⚫ 8T 8H1V (RRU5258): –32° to +32°
Mid-rise coverage Non-standard 3-sector networking is used to provide coverage for mid-rise
SCENARIO_6 110° 12° 0° to 6° 0°
and public square buildings. This configuration provides the best horizontal coverage.
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used. When there are strong interference
sources in neighboring cells, the horizontal coverage of a cell can be reduced to ⚫ –10° to +10°
Mid-rise coverage
SCENARIO_7 mitigate the interference from neighboring cells. This configuration is suitable for 90° 12° 0° to 6° ⚫ 32T 16H2V (AAU5324): The azimuth
with interference
covering mid-rise buildings as the vertical coverage angle is larger than that in cannot be adjusted in this scenario.
SCENARIO_1 to SCENARIO_5.
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Horizontal Vertical 3 Tilt
Coverage Azimuth Adjustment
Scenario ID Scenario Description 3 dB dB Adjustment
Scenario Range
Beamwidth Beamwidth Range
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used. When there are strong interference
sources in neighboring cells, the horizontal coverage of a cell can be reduced
Mid-rise coverage
SCENARIO_8 to mitigate the interference from neighboring cells. This configuration is suitable 65° 12° 0° to 6° –22° to +22°
with interference
for covering mid-rise buildings as the vertical coverage angle is larger than that
in SCENARIO_1 to SCENARIO_5.
SCENARIO_9 Mid-rise building This configuration is for mid-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 45° 12° 0° to 6° –32° to +32°
SCENARIO_10 Mid-rise building This configuration is for mid-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 25° 12° 0° to 6° –42° to +42°
SCENARIO_11 Mid-rise building This configuration is for mid-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 15° 12° 0° to 6° –47° to +47°
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used to provide coverage for high-rise
Public square and
SCENARIO_12 buildings and the best horizontal coverage. This configuration is recommended 110° 25° 6° 0°
high-rise building
when broadcast channels are required to reflect the coverage of data channels.
⚫ –22° to +22°
⚫ 32T 16H2V (AAU5324):
Non-standard 3-sector networking is used. When there are strong interference
–10° to +10°
High-rise coverage sources in neighboring cells, the horizontal coverage of a cell can be reduced
SCENARIO_13 65° 25° 6° ⚫ 32T 8H4V (AAU5310):
with interference to mitigate the interference from neighboring cells. This configuration is suitable
The azimuth cannot be
for high-rise coverage as the vertical coverage angle is the largest.
adjusted in this
scenario.
⚫ –32° to +32°
SCENARIO_14 High-rise building This configuration is for high-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 45° 25° 6° ⚫ 32T 16H2V (AAU5324):
–22° to +22°
⚫ –42° to +42°
SCENARIO_15 High-rise building This configuration is for high-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 25° 25° 6° ⚫ 32T 16H2V (AAU5324):
–32° to +32°
SCENARIO_16 High-rise building This configuration is for high-rise buildings and hotspot coverage. 15° 25° 6° –47° to +47°
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Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
AAU/RRU Model Coverage Scenario Supporting Selection for Coverage Scenarios of Broadcast Beams or Not
⚫ DEFAULT
8T (RRU5258) Yes
⚫ SCENARIO_3 to SCENARIO_5
⚫ DEFAULT
⚫ SCENARIO_1
⚫ SCENARIO_6
⚫ SCENARIO_7
32T 16H2V (AAU5310 and AAU5313) ⚫ SCENARIO_8 Yes
⚫ SCENARIO_12
⚫ SCENARIO_13
⚫ SCENARIO_14
⚫ SCENARIO_15
⚫ DEFAULT
⚫ SCENARIO_7
⚫ SCENARIO_8
32T 16H2V (AAU5324)
⚫ SCENARIO_13
⚫ SCENARIO_14
⚫ SCENARIO_15
⚫ DEFAULT
32T 8H4V (AAU5310) Yes
⚫ SCENARIO_3 and SCENARIO_13
64T:
⚫ AAU5612 N77/N78
⚫ DEFAULT
⚫ AAU5613 N77/N78 Yes
⚫ SCENARIO_1 to SCENARIO_16
⚫ AAU5257 N41
⚫ AAU5619 N41
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Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
Users can configure coverage as required based on the details of the live network. Coverage can be configured for the scenarios using the
NRDUCellTrpBeam.CoverageScenario parameter. Setting notes are as follows:
✓ Generally, it is recommended that this parameter be set to DEFAULT, which is suitable for typical 3-sector networking.
✓ When significant horizontal coverage is required, SCENARIO_1, SCENARIO_6, or SCENARIO_12 is recommended. With the setting, cell edge UEs can obtain
higher beam gains and cell edge coverage is improved.
✓ If there are any fixed interference sources at the cell edge, SCENARIO_2, SCENARIO_3, SCENARIO_7, SCENARIO_8, or SCENARIO_13 can be used to
narrow down the horizontal coverage area and avoid the interference.
✓ When there are only isolated buildings, SCENARIO_4, SCENARIO_5, SCENARIO_9, SCENARIO_10, SCENARIO_11, SCENARIO_14, SCENARIO_15, or
SCENARIO_16 is recommended to provide small horizontal coverage. These scenarios are not suitable for continuous coverage.
✓ When there are only low-rise buildings, you can set the parameter to a value from SCENARIO_1 to SCENARIO_5.
✓ When there are mid-rise buildings, you can set the parameter to a value from SCENARIO_6 to SCENARIO_11.
✓ When there are high-rise buildings, you can set the parameter to a value from SCENARIO_12 to SCENARIO_16.
If the base station needs to cover floors below 30 m (H) and a horizontal scope within 30 m (B), perform the following steps to
calculate the ID of the scenario to be configured:
Step 3 Based on the intersection of scenario choices in Step 1 and Step 2, SCENARIO_15 can meet both horizontal and vertical coverage requirements.
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
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Broadcast Beam Tilt and Azimuth
To reduce the difficulty in site selection planning and site optimization and to save optimization and coordination
costs, remote downtilt adjustment is required. The tilts and azimuths of broadcast channel narrow beams can be
entirely adjusted in the unit of 1°through the parameter setting.
In scenarios where the interference from neighboring cells is severe, users can adjust the tilt and azimuth to
make the beams target at users in the local cell. This reduces the overlapped coverage in neighboring cells. In
addition, more beam directions can be achieved by adjusting the tilt and azimuth, meeting different coverage
requirements and implementing flexible networking.
Part of the
The beam gain
The beam gain is The beam gain beam gain
is the greatest
the greatest decreases when decreases
when the
when the preset the preset downtilt when the
preset azimuth
downtilt is used. is not used. preset azimuth
is used.
is not used.
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Broadcast Beam Tilt and Azimuth
Tilt adjustment is not supported (in scenarios 12 to 16) because the vertical scanning range has reached the
upper limit.
Azimuth adjustment is not supported (in scenarios 0, 1, 6, and 12) because the horizontal scanning range has
reached the upper limit.
The adjustment range is based on the parameter setting. Then, the parameter is substituted into the steering
vector. The steering vector is multiplied by the initial weight matrix to obtain the final steering vector, which is then
sent to the baseband part.
Note: Only the maximum adjustment capability is provided here. In actual situations, when the tilt is adjusted to a
certain degree, the side lobe suppression may not be sufficient. The adjustment range varies according to the
specific requirements.
If the upper side lobe meets the suppression requirement of 12 dB, the preset downtilt (6°) is used as the
reference. For digital RET, the increase range is 8° and the decrease range is 3°.
⚫ The tilt adjustment range in scenarios 1 to 5 (with a vertical 3 dB beamwidth of 6°) is –2°to 9°.
⚫ The tilt adjustment range in scenarios 6 to 11 (with a vertical 3 dB beamwidth of 12°) is 0° to 6°.
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Broadcast Beam Tilt and Azimuth
The method for calculating the actual direction angle of a broadcast beam is as follows:
Actual direction angle of a broadcast beam (vertical) = Value of NRDUCellTrpBeam.Tilt + Mechanical tilt
Default value of NRDUCellTrpBeam.Tilt = Preset tilt (The preset tilts of different AAUs are different.)
That is, the actual direction angle of a broadcast beam is calculated as described in the following table. (The
azimuth is similar, and the default value is 0°.).
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
2.3 Broadcast Beam Densification (Confidential! Only for internal study, NOT for External
Communication!)
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Broadcast Beam Densification
Broadcast beam densification is added to 5G RAN2.1. In some scenarios, the number of broadcast beams can be maximized to 7 or 8.
Broadcast beam densification can improve coverage at the junction of beams with an overhead of less than 1%.
Note: In 5G RAN2.1, when the broadcast beam densification switch is turned on, no cell needs to be reestablished for scenario
modification. In addition, no UE is disconnected from the network (except for handovers caused by coverage scope changes and when
the UE does not meet camping conditions).
The following slides will introduce the scenario when the switch is turned off.
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Broadcast Beam Densification
64T 32T (16H2V) 32T (16H2V) 32T (8H4V)
Scenario ID 8T (8H1V) (RRU5258)
(AAU5612/AAU5613/AAU5257/AAU5619) AAU5313/AAU5310 AAU5324 AAU5310
H105V6 H105V6 H90V6 H65V12 H90V6*
DEFAULT Tilt: –2° to +9° Tilt: –2° to +9° Tilt: –2° to +9° Tilt: 0° to 6° Tilt: 0°
Azimuth: 0° Azimuth: 0° Azimuth: 0° Azimuth: 0° Azimuth: 0°
SCENARIO_1 Y Y N N N
SCENARIO_2 Y* N N N N
SCENARIO_3 Y* N N Y Y*
SCENARIO_4 Y* N N N Y*
SCENARIO_5 Y* N N N Y*
SCENARIO_6 Y Y N N N
SCENARIO_7 Y* Y* Y N N
SCENARIO_8 Y* Y* Y N N
SCENARIO_9 Y N N N N
SCENARIO_10 Y* N N N N
SCENARIO_11 Y* N N N N
SCENARIO_12 Y Y N N N
SCENARIO_13 Y* Y* Y* Y N
SCENARIO_14 Y* Y* Y N N
SCENARIO_15 Y Y* Y* N N
SCENARIO_16 Y* N N N N
Note:
• "Y" indicates that beam densification is supported in this scenario.
• "N" indicates that beam densification is not supported in this scenario.
• "N/A" indicates that densificaiton is supported in the scenario but there is no coverage gains.
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
2.4 Customized Beam Scenarios (Confidential! Only for internal study, NOT for External
Communication!)
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Customized Beam Scenarios
In 5G RAN2.1, beam scenarios can be customized by customers using the parameter
NRDuCellTrpCustBeam. The tilt and azimuth of a single beam can be set. In RAN2.1, the
customized beam scenario can take effect only after all beam directions are configured.
Note:
In 5G RAN2.1, customized beam
scenarios are only supported by 64T AAUs.
They can work with mAOS AI smart O&M.
The following table shows the adjustment
range of a beam.
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Customized Beam Scenarios
In addition to automatic tools, customized scenarios support manual and batch configuration by
customers.
For example: Run the following commands when the beam coverage scope is required to be 90°
and 6° in horizontal and vertical planes, respectively. The beams also need to cover the high
buildings in the normal direction of the base station.
//Changing the broadcast scenario to a customized one when slot configuration is 4:1
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=0, Tilt=6, Azimuth=-40;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=1, Tilt=6, Azimuth=-22;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=2, Tilt=6, Azimuth=-7;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=3, Tilt=6, Azimuth=7;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=4, Tilt=6, Azimuth=22;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=5, Tilt=6, Azimuth=40;
ADD NRDUCELLTRPCUSTBEAM: NrDuCellTrpId=1, BeamId=6, Tilt=-2, Azimuth=0;
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
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Online Scenario-based Beam Adjustment
5G RAN2.1 supports online adjustment of scenario-based beams without cell reestablishment. (For
beam scenario modification in RAN1.0/RAN2.0, cell deactivation is required. As a result, all users are
disconnected from the network.)
The preceding issues are temporary. It is recommended that the interval between two scenario
modifications be longer than 10 minutes.
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Contents
2. 3D Coverage Pattern
2.1 Scenario-based Broadcast Beams
2.6 SSB Power Aggregation (Confidential! Only for internal study, NOT for External
Communication!)
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SSB Power Aggregation
5G RAN2.1 supports SSB power aggregation. (This function is removed from Full-Channel Coverage
Enhancement and added to 3D Coverage Pattern.)
PSD
PSD Power
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Feature Configuration
⚫ Recommended scenarios
It is recommended that SSB power aggregation be enabled in scenarios where the SSB power is limited
caused by large inter-site distance and SUL or where the vertical half-power bandwidth is greater than 6.
⚫ Feature activation
⚫ Feature deactivation
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Contents
1. Basic Beam Management
2. 3D Coverage
3. Feature Activation
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Beam Management Parameters
3D Coverage Pattern (scenario-based broadcast beams)
Parameter Meaning Parameter ID Setting Notes
TRP ID NRDUCellTrpBeam.NrDuCellTrpId This parameter is set to the TRP ID.
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Beam Management Feature Observation
This feature is enabled by default. You can run LST NRDUCELLTRPBEAM command to query the configured beam scenario and tilt.
Trace the UE and observe the RSRP corresponding to the optimal beam. Then, determine whether the beam scenario takes effect.
For example, if the UE locates at the normal direction of the vertical beam as shown in the following figure, when the H105V6 scenario is
changed to the H45V25 scenario, you can observe that the RSRP reported by the UE after the change is higher than the RSRP reported
by the UE before the change.
The beam ID is also changed from 3 to 1.
2 3 4
1 5 1 2
0 3
0 6
H105V6 H45V25
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Contents
1. Basic Beam Management
2. 3D Coverage
3. Feature Activation
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Beam Management External CHR
Cell Tracing Event Description
Recording Mode Event Name Event & Parameter Meaning
Event ID and Parameters
Private event |
BEAM_NOISE_TRAC Fixed period: 15 Average and maximum values of beam-based interference (cell-level)
0x01008003 real-time stream |
KING minutes (TDD only)
SIG log
Private event |
PERIOD_PRIVATE_B Fixed period: 15 Number of synchronized UEs using the static beams ID0 to ID127.
0x01008005 real-time stream |
EAM_SYN_UE_NUM minutes Each UE is counted only in the optimal beam.
SIG log
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Beam Management-related Monitoring Items
(Performance Monitoring)
Optimal beam ID and RSRP of each TRX on high frequency bands
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Thank You
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