0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022

Final for AEs

Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

CHEMISTRY 0620/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2022

MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark : 80

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1a nitrogen A Symbols/formulae but name takes precedence for Q1

1 A N / N2
1b sodium 1 A Na

1c iron 1 A Fe

1d silicon A Si
A silicon dioxide / silicon (IV)oxide / SiO2 / silicon oxide
1 A boron / B / boron oxide / B2O3
1e chlorine 1 A Cl / Cl2

1f cobalt A Co
1 A Cobalt(II) (chloride) / CoCl2 / Co2+/ cobalt chloride
1g chlorine 1 A Cl, Cl2 / Chloride / Cl–

1h copper 1 A Cu / copper(II) (hydroxide) / Cu(OH)2 / Cu2+ / copper hydroxide

1i oxygen A O, O2
1 A magnesium / Mg
1j zinc 1 A Zn

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2a MgCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(q) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Be lenient on size of letters.

R Aq/aQ and G / ag for aq
Do check ‘s’ is different from ‘g’
1 I lack of brackets
2b M1 eight crosses in second shell of Mg I empty third shell of Mg if seen
M2 7 dots and 1 cross in third shell of both Cl
M3 ‘2+’ charge on Mg and ‘–‘ charge on both Cl ions on correct answer line 3 A Mg2+ and Cl– as charges and ‘++’ etc
2c M1 C atom double bonded to 2 O atoms Double bonds must have 2 crosses and 2 dots but M2
M2 4 non-bonding e on each O and no non-bonding e on C and both octets could still be awarded if 4 e appear in each double bond
complete 2 A other symbols eg ‘o’
2di Gradient (of line) decreases A ‘it’ for ‘line’ A it gets less steep etc
A ‘Slope’ for gradient
A ‘It’ (line or graph or slope) flattens / levels / plateaus off
I it is level/flat etc
A volume of gas per unit time decreases but I all other
1 reference to volume
2dii For Particles: A atoms / molecules / ions / they
M1 Concentration of particles (of acid) decreases For M1
A particles become further apart /less crowded etc
A less (acid) particles per unit volume
I ‘particles of acid get used up’ or ‘less reactant particles’?
R Concentration MgCO3 decreases
R volume of HCl decreases
A surface area of solid/MgCO3 decreases
I size of solid/MgCO3 decreases

M2 lower rate of collisions of particles For M2

A ‘less frequent collisions’ / ‘less collisions per unit time’ /
collide less often / less frequently
R comments on particles losing E/move slower
I less chance of collisions/successful collisions/collisions
with Ea
For M1 A Concentration decreases
2 For M2 A lower rate of collision

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2diii M1 A new line steeper than printed line and starts at origin and levels off I minor wiggles and be generous about the origin
earlier than printed line I further lines if correct

R M2 if curve has significant ‘hump’ above final volume

M2 levels off at the same volume eg goes more than one square above before hitting final
2 volume
2e M1 mol HCl = 0.400 x 25.0/1000 = 0.01(00) Mark each step.
If no working
M2 mol CO2 = M1/2 = 0.0100/2 = 0.005(00) A 3 marks for 120
A 2 marks for 240, 480 and 0.12
M3 volume CO2 = M2 x 24000 = 120 (cm3) A 1 mark for 0.24

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3a M1 nitrogen (from air) and oxygen (from air) react
M2 react due to high temperatures (of engine)
For M1:
For ‘reacts’: A complete / incomplete combustion / combines / burns
A (unbalanced) equation for but ignore incorrect equations
I ‘oxidation’
R M1 if N or O comes from fuel I from / in engine
I any NO (produced) further reacting with oxygen but R NO2 reacting with
oxygen
I in the exhaust / cat converter etc for M1

For M2:
I ‘Heat’ / ‘hot’ but A phrases such as high heat / much heat / very hot
I pressure
2 R M2 if process is anywhere other than engine
3b acid rain For Acid rain
A / nitric acid / HNO3 is formed
I nitrous acid or formulae such as H 2NO3 as long as ‘acid rain’ is seen
A effects of acid rain eg attacks (limestone) buildings / statues / metal
(structures) / bridges
A other words for ‘attacks’ eg damages / reacts with / corrode / erode
I ‘Attacks rocks’
A lowers pH or acidifies lakes / rivers or kills fish/aquatic animals
I acidifies oceans / kills marine life
A Changes composition of soils or reduces fertility of soil or reduces crop
yields deforestation or kills crops / trees / plants / leaves / lowers pH of soil
/ increases acidity of soil
A removes nutrients / leaches the soil
R ‘increases pH of lakes so kills fish’
I rusting but A ‘enhances rusting’

A (photochemical) smog / ozone depletion

I health problems such as toxic
1 R global warming / greenhouse effects
3ci (thermal) decomposition 1 I “endothermic reaction” / “thermal cracking”

3cii HCNO 1 A any order

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3ciii M1 (damp red) litmus I ‘indicator’

M2 (litmus) turns blue A both marks from result line as long as there is not a contradiction in test
A Universal indicator for litmus
M2 must be related to M1
R NaOH addition (confusion with test for ammonium ion) for M1
A HCl(g) for M1 and white fumes for M2
2 I smell
3di 6NO2 8NH3 7N2
M1 Either 6NO2 or 8NH3
M2 all three balanced 2
3dii (Nitrogen) loses oxygen A NO2 loses oxygen
I NO2 becomes N2
A oxidation state/number (of N) goes from +4 to 0
I electron gain / ox state decease R e loss / ox state increase
R Wrong oxidation numbers
I Bonds with oxygen have been broken
1 I H gains O
3diii reduction and oxidation occur A e gain and loss (takes place) / e transfer (occurs)
A increase and decrease of ox number/state
A when one substance gains O oxygen and another loses O
A Reduction and oxidation (reaction)
1 I increase and decrease of charge
3e M1 Mr urea = 60 8.1 = 2 marks; 8100 = 1 mark
M2 135 x 60 = 8100 and g to kg conversion = 8.1(00) kg M1 A 60 seen anywhere unless contradicted
M2 if Mr not stated A (a number) x 135 + g to kg conversion
M2 Allow 135 x Mr left as (an incorrect) sum + g to kg conversion
Eg 135 x (14+2+12+16) + g to kg conversion. (answer will need checking)
2 Minimum 2 SF ignore rounding / truncating / trailing zeroes
3fi carbon monoxide A CO Name takes precedence over incorrect formula
1 I water/steam
3fii carbon dioxide and nitrogen 1 A CO2 and N2 Name takes precedence over incorrect formula

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4ai arrow going from Zn to Fe 1 R arrow in solution but A arrow above solution

4aii Zn → Zn2+ + 2e– A Zn - 2e- →Zn2+ for two marks

M1 Zn as only reactant and Zn2+ as only product A ‘2e’ or ‘2es’ (plural of e) for 2e–
M2 correct equation 2
4bi any metal above zinc in reactivity series A symbol but name takes precedence
1 A Group 1 metals, Calcium, Magnesium
4bii any metal below iron in reactivity series A symbol but name takes precedence
1 A lead, copper, silver mercury gold platinum etc
4ci hydrogen and oxygen A formulae but name takes precedence
A A named organic compound (eg methane / ethanol) + oxygen
1 I petrol diesel
4cii water A formula but name takes precedence
A Steam
1 A ECF water and carbon dioxide
4di electrolysis 1
4dii mobile ions A synonymous phrases eg ions flow / move
I ‘ions are free’, Ignore ‘ions delocalised’ I ‘charged particles’ for ‘ions’
R electrons move
A When solid ions cannot move
R ions can be formed and can move
1 I to conduct electricity
4ei Hydrogen A formulae (H2 Cl2 NaOH) but name takes precedence
chlorine I H / Cl
sodium hydroxide 3 I reference to which electrode products are formed at (even if incorrect)
4eii sodium A Na
I chlorine as in ‘sodium + chlorine’
1 A Chlorine/Cl2 as ECF if not seen as chlorine / Cl / Cl 2 in 4ei

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5ai cracking I thermal/catalytic

1 A ‘(thermal) decomposition’
5aii C10H22 → 4C2H4 + C2H6 A M1 if just C10H22 is seen
M1 C10H22 as only reactant
M2 formulae of ethene and ethane as only products
M3 correct equation 3 A ECF for correct balancing if incorrect hydrocarbon seen in M1
5bi hydrogen chloride R hydrochloric acid
1 I HCl (could be hydrochloric acid)
5bii Ultraviolet light A ‘sunlight’ or ‘UV light’ or ‘UV’
I heat / pressure /
I just ‘light’ just ‘sun’
1 R catalyst
5ci (only) one product is formed R context of addition of monomers forming polymer molecule
I no elimination / no biproducts form
1 I ‘A product is formed’ but A two reactants form the / a product’
5cii M1 Bond energy in breaking bonds M2 = M1 + 180
= [(4 x 410) + 610 + 240] = 2490 (kJ / mol) M3 = M2 – 1990
M4 = M3/2 but M3 must be a processed number (need not be evaluated)
M2 Use of total E change to find bond energy of C 2H4Cl2
= M1 + 180 = 2490 + 180 = 2670 (kJ / mol) 340 = 4 marks 160 = 3 marks (M2 = M1 – 180 = 2310)
M1 (2490) can be seen anywhere Ignore sign if this is the only mark scored
M3 Determination of total C–Cl bond energy
= M2 – [(4 x 410) + 350] = 2670 – 1990 = 680 (kJ / mol) Allow answers that assume C–H bonds do not change
M1 = 610 + 240 = 850
M4 Determination of each C–Cl bond energy M2 = 850 + 180 = 1030
= M3/2 = 680/2 = 340 (kJ / mol) M3 = 1030 – 350 = 680

If M2<1990 then M3 must be –ve but A M4 to be +ve or –ve

If M2 is incorrect and no obvious M3 value is seen A 2 additional marks if
4 M4 = (M2 – 1990) / 2

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6ai homologous series 1

6aii Same functional group For functional group
A the reactive part of the molecule / compound / substance
A functional group has same structures/bonds
R additional incorrect answers (such as “same general formula and
1 functional group”)
6aiii general (formula) 1 I esters / acids R other HS

6aiv 7 1 A 7 in C7H14O2

6b M1 fractional A 2 marks for fractionation

M2 distillation 2 I ‘chromatography’ I locating agent
6ci M1 propanoic acid M2 O–H bond must be seen
M2 structure of propanoic acid A M2 if incorrect response / NR to M1 is seen.
2 M2 A structure of methanoic / ethanoic / butanoic acid as only ECFs
6cii methanol A CH3OH I CH4O, but name takes precedence
A methyl alcohol
1 A methonol / methinol / methenol R methanal
6di Structural isomers 1 A isomers / isomerism

6dii ethyl butanoate A homophones eg ethyle / butyle

butyl ethanoate R ethly but allow ECF for butly
Insist upon -anoate. But A ECF if second ester has identical error as the
only error.
Ethly butanoate and Butly ethanoate = 1
Ethyl butenoate and Butyl ethenoate =1
Ethly butenoate and Butly ethenoate = 0
A name of any ester of molecular formula C6H12O2
Expect pentyl methanoate / methyl pentanoate, but see list on final page
R use of numbers on non-branched esters
2

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6ei M1 any correct displayed ester link between any two

blocks showing all atoms and all bonds

M2 correct orientation of three displayed inter-block M2 I Terminal half-links for M2

ester links with correct orientation

M3 continuation bonds on polyester M3 A –COOH or –OH group at one end but not both
A continuation bonds with or without O- and C=O with correct
orientation but must have correct valency
A ‘–COO–‘ LHS and/or RHS ‘–COO–‘ and as correct continuation (as this
is acceptable structure for ester)
If a continuation bond is a ‘stick’ from a block(s) A M3 if a reasonable
attempt at link is seen ie there must be at least one atom (ignore valency)
between all boxes.
A up to 3 missing inter-block bond(s) from block to C or to O when
3 considering M3
6eii condensation 1 I condensational

6eiii terylene A a phonetic ‘near miss’

1 A PET

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

5cii One error

If M1 = –2490 (no M1 awarded) [wrong sign on M1]
M2 = –2490 + 180 = –2310
M3 = –2310 – 1990 = –4300
M4 = –2015 3 marks

M1 = 2490
M2 = 2490 – 180 = 2310 (no M2) [–180 instead of +180]
M3 = 2310 – 1990 = 320
M4 = 160 3 marks

M1 = 2490
M2 = 2670
M3 = 2670 – 1640 = 1030 (no M3) [C–C bond (350) omitted]
M4 = 515 3 marks

M1 = 2250 (no M1) [ Cl–Cl (240) bond omitted]

M2 = 2250 + 180 = 2430
M3 = 2430 – 1990 = 440
M4 = 220 3 marks

5cii Two errors examples

M1 = 2250 (no M1) [Cl–Cl bond omitted]
M2 = 2250 – 180 = 2070 (no M2) [–180 instead of +180]
M3 = 2070 – 1990 = 80
M4 = 40 2 marks

M1 = 2490
M2 = 2490 – 180 = 2310 (no M2) [–180 instead of +180]
M3 = 2310 – 1640 = 670 (no M3) [C–C bond (350) omitted]
M4 = 335 2 marks

Common errors
M1 2250 [Cl–Cl (240) bond omitted]
M2 use of –180 instead of +180
M3 1640 [C–C bond (350) omitted]

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 0620/42 Cambridge IGCSE - Mark Scheme March 2022
Final for AEs

Methyl pentanoate
Methyl 2-methylbutanoate
Methyl 3-methylbutanoate
Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate

Ethyl butanoate
Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate

Propyl propanoate
1-methylethyl propanoate (number not needed)

Butyl ethanoate
1-methylpropyl ethanoate
2-methylpropyl ethanoate
1,1-dimethylethyl ethanoate (number not needed)

Pentyl methanoate
1-methylbutyl methanoate
2-methylbutyl methanoate
3-methylbutyl methanoate
1,1-dimethypropyl methanoate
1,2-dimethypropyl methanoate
2,2-dimethypropyl methanoate
1-ethylpropyl methanoate (number not needed)

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