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  • Revision - Year 7 Science

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    Farah Aina
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    The document provides information on several topics: 1) It compares the structures of plant and animal cells, noting differences like plant cells having cell walls and chloroplasts while animal cells lack these. 2) It examines microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae, outlining their key characteristics such as size, movement abilities, and whether they can cause disease. 3) It discusses properties of materials such as metals having properties like conductivity while non-metals are often gases, and explores concepts like alloys being stronger than pure metals and acids neutralizing alkalis. 4) Finally, it looks at earth physics topics including how sound waves transfer energy, reflection of sound producing

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    The document provides information on several topics: 1) It compares the structures of plant and animal cells, noting differences like plant cells having cell walls and chloroplasts while animal cells lack these. 2) It examines microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae, outlining their key characteristics such as size, movement abilities, and whether they can cause disease. 3) It discusses properties of materials such as metals having properties like conductivity while non-metals are often gases, and explores concepts like alloys being stronger than pure metals and acids neutralizing alkalis. 4) Finally, it looks at earth physics topics including how sound waves transfer energy, reflection of sound producing

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    58 views15 pages

    Revision - Year 7 Science

    Uploaded by

    Farah Aina
    The document provides information on several topics: 1) It compares the structures of plant and animal cells, noting differences like plant cells having cell walls and chloroplasts while animal cells lack these. 2) It examines microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae, outlining their key characteristics such as size, movement abilities, and whether they can cause disease. 3) It discusses properties of materials such as metals having properties like conductivity while non-metals are often gases, and explores concepts like alloys being stronger than pure metals and acids neutralizing alkalis. 4) Finally, it looks at earth physics topics including how sound waves transfer energy, reflection of sound producing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    REVISION

    Topics

    Plant and animal cells

    Microorganisms in the environment

    Properties of materials

    Earth physics
    Plant and animal cells

    Structure of a plant cell

    Structure of an animal cell


    Plant and animal cells

    Differences and similarities

    Plant cell Structure Animal cell

    ✔ Nucleus ✔

    ✔ Cell membrane ✔

    ✔ Cytoplasm ✔

    ✔ Cell wall ✖

    ✔ Mitochondria ✔

    ✔ Chloroplast ✖

    ✖
    ✔
    (Some animal cells
    (Large vacuoles full Vacuole
    have vacuoles – but
    of cell sap)
    they are very small)
    Microorganisms in the environment

    Bacteria Fungi Bacteria

    Number of cells Single-celled Multicellular

    Size Smaller than fungi Larger than bacteria

    Movement Some can move Cannot move

    Nucleus Absent Present

    Cell wall Present Present


    Fungi
    Can cause disease? Yes Yes

    Treated with Treated with


    Infection treatment
    antibiotics antifungals

    Yeast
    E. coli
    Examples Mould
    Salmonella typhi
    Mushrooms
    Microorganisms in the environment

    Protozoa Protozoa Algae

    Single-celled Small,
    Type
    animals aquatic plants

    Chlorophyll Absent Present

    Cell wall Absent Present

    Need to ingest Can produce their


    Nutrition
    Algae other organisms own food

    Can cause disease? Yes May produce toxins

    Amoeba
    Green algae
    Examples Paramecium
    Red algae
    Euglena
    Microorganisms in the environment

    Food web
    Properties of materials

    Metals vs non-metals

    Metals Non-metals

    • Most are solid at


    room temperature
    • Many are gases at
    • Shiny room temperature

    • Do not shatter • Dull

    • Conduct heat well • Brittle

    • Conduct electricity • Do not conduct heat


    well
    • Malleable
    • Most do not conduct
    • Ductile electricity

    • Sonorous
    Properties of materials

    Pure metals and alloys


    • Alloys are metal mixtures that are stronger than pure
    metals
    • Properties of alloys are different from the metals they
    Pure metal:
    contain
    • Atoms are all the same size and arranged in regular rows
    • Examples
    • The layers can slide over each other easily when hit with a force
    • Bronze – copper + tin
    • Brass – copper + zinc
    • Steel – iron + carbon
    • Stainless steel – steel + chromium + nickel
    • Applications of alloys
    • Gold jewellery (gold + copper)
    • Coins (copper + nickel / copper + tin + zinc)
    • Duralumin (aluminium + magnesium + copper)
    Alloy:
    • Harder for the layers to slide over each other due to differently
    shaped atoms
    Properties of materials

    Acids and alkalis Neutralisation


    • The chemical reaction between an acid and alkali that
    Acids Alkalis
    produces a neutral salt as a product

    Taste sour Feel soapy to


    the touch

    Litmus test
    H+ ions OH- ions

    Vinegar Soaps
    Citric acid Detergents
    Hydrochloric Sodium Universal indicator
    acid hydroxide
    Properties of materials
    Earth physics

    Sound waves Reflection of sound


    • A sound wave is the vibration of air molecules • When a sound wave is reflected, it produces an echo
    • Sound waves transfer energy through motion of • Sounds reflect best from large, smooth, flat surfaces (glass, tiles, flat metal,
    air molecules smooth concrete)
    • Thus, the air molecules DO NOT move further • The large the space and the harder the walls, the more echoes you will
    away from the source of the vibration experience
    • To reduce echoes, cover the walls/windows with soft materials such as
    fabrics

    • Applications of echoes

    • Sound requires a medium to travel through


    • Speed of sound in different mediums:
    solid > liquid > gas
    • Sound CANNOT travel through a vacuum
    Earth physics

    Layers of the Earth


    Earth physics

    Changes in the Earth’s structure


    Earth physics

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