Lesson 1

Introduction
Cell Theory
Cell Parts and Functions

JSL
Gen Bio 1
SY 1st Sem 2020-2021
 Objectives

• Recall the meaning of Science and Biology,

• List down the different branches of Science and Biology,
• Name different biologist and their contributions,
• State the cell theory
• Identify the different parts of the cells
 Science

• A knowledge gained through careful observations

of objects and events.
• Systematized body of knowledge based on truths
and facts gathered through observations,
experiments, and experiences in order to formulate
a verifiable conclusions or law.
 Branches of Science
Applied Science • Engineering
application of theoretical • Medicine
science • Agriculture
Social Science • History
human behavior primarily on • Politics
social and cultural aspects
• Economics
Natural Science • Biological Science
Understanding , description
& interpretation of nature • Physical Science
 Branches of Natural Science

• Botany - Plants
Biological
• Zoology - Animals
Science • Microbiology - Microorganism

• Geology - Earth
Physical • Astronomy - Universe
• Meteorology - Weather/Climate
Science • Chemistry - Matter
• Physics - Matter and Energy
 Biology

• Greek word “bios” meaning “life” and “logos” meaning

“study”
• The science of life
• The study of structure, functions and relationships of
living things or organisms.
 Branches of Biology
BIOLOGY
Botany Zoology Microbiology
Plants Animals Microorganisms

Dendrology – tree, shrubs Mammalogy – Mammals Virology – Virus

& woody plants

Ornithology – Birds Bacteriology – Bacteria

Orchidology - Orchids

Ichthyology – Fishes Parasitology - Parasites

Horticulture – cultivation
of garden plants
Entomology – Insects
 Other Branches of Biology
Anatomy Structures/parts
Cytology Cells
Genetics Traits and genes
Histology Tissues
Taxonomy Classification and evolutionary interrelationships among
organisms
Paleontology Fossils
Embryology Development ang growth of organisms
 Biologist

• Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek – father of microbiology

• Marie Francois Bichat – Discovered that organs were composed
of tissues
• Zaccharias Jansen – credited the invention of first microscope
• Carolus Linnaeus – Developed the binomial system for identifying
and naming of organisms
• Gregor Mendel – Genetics
• Jean Lamarck and Charles Darwin – Evolutions
 Notable Filipino Biologist
Pedro Escuro
• Famed as plant breeder
• Developed a high yield C4 rice that has
hardly against disease and pests.
Angel Alcala
• Invented artificial coral reefs
• Known for amphibians and reptiles
leading to 50 new species
Benjamin Cabrera
• Involved in medical parasitology and public
health
• His studies includes development of drug
treatment for mosquito borne diseases, filariasis,
ascariasis and other parasitic diseases.
Fe Del Mundo
• Invented an incubator for premature babies.
• Conducted experiments on immunization
which helped designate the best age to get
immunized.
Edgardo Gomez
• Well known marine biologist
• His works on coral reefs led to saving
the true giant clam from extinction
Felix Maramba
• Invented a machine that could turn rice
hull into fuel, charcoal and coconut oil
powered generator
 Characteristics of Living Things
Unique chemical organization
• All living things shows different level
of organization (cells to organ system)
Undergo metabolic processes
• Transformation of chemical energy
from food to kinetic energy
Can move
• This can be shown through walking,
jumping, flying, swimming etc.
Can react to external stimuli
• Ability to react and respond
(Irritability)
Capable of Growth
• The process of increasing the amount of living
substance in the body
Can reproduce
• Sexual or asexual, it ensures perpetuation of
the species
Can adapt to the environment
• Characteristic that enables organism to survive
in changing world
Definite form and shape range
• Sizes and shapes varies from species to species
no two species have the same size and shape
 CELLS
Cytology
 Early Discoveries on Cells
Robert Hooke Robert Brown Jan Evangelista
1665 1831 Purkinje
• Examined thin sliced • Discovered nucleus • Made a thorough
cork investigation of
• Theorized that
• The corks are internal substance
composed of nucleus is (Sarcode) and
compartments which fundamental and renamed it as
termed as cells constant to all cell protoplasm

Anton Van Felix Dujardin

Leeuwenhoek 1835
1674
• Living cells contains
• Observed RBC, sperm, internal substance
and myriad of single
celled organism • Sarcode was the
name used to
• Observed the presence describe the internal
of nucleus in RBC substance
 Cell Theory

Theodore Schwann ……..

Rudolph Virchow ……..

Matthias Schleiden

• Stated • Stated • Theorized

that plants that all that all
are animals living cells
composed are came from
of cells composed preexisting
of cells cells
 Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of one or more

CELL and cell products.
• All living cells come from other living cells by the
process of cell division.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in organisms.
Parts of the Cells