Index

%(modulus) operator, 17, 18 access control, 63-67 Arithmetic application, 17-18

&&operator, 26, 27 levels, 63 arithmetic operations, 17-18
8 operator, 27 levels illustration, 67 evaluation, 18
* (multiplication)operator, 17, package, 63 types, 17
18 packages for, 60 ArraylndexOut ofBoundsException,
+ (addition) operator, 17, 18 private, 63-65 72
+ (concatenation) operator, 13 protected, 63, 65-66 arrays, 14-I 6
<= (less than or equal to) public, 63 of arrays, 15-16
operator, 26 ActionListener interface, declaration, 14
< (less than) operator, 26 125-126 defined, 14
== (equals) operator, 26 actionYerformed method, 125, elements, counting, 15
i= (not equals) operator, 26 126 two-dimensional
>= (greater than or equal to) defined, 125 implementation, 16
operator, 26 implementation, 133 assert statement, 80-81
> (greater than) operator, 26 See also event handling; assertionError exception, 81
! operator, 27 interfaces assertions, 80-81
- (subtraction) operator, 17, 18 anonymous inner classes, 69, runtime checking, 81
/ (division)operator, 17, 18 129, 134 uses, 81
^ operator, 27, 28 applets, 135-141 within else clause, 81
I operator, 27 class file, 136
I I operator, 26, 27 defined, 1 blocks
display height, 136 defined, 9
abstract classes, 57- 59 display width, 136 nested, 9
abstract methods, 58 HTML tags, 136 synchronized, 165
constructor, 58 life cycle, 137 See also statements
defined, 57-58 life cycle methods, 140-141 boolean data type, 12
example, 58 security, 141 BorderLayout, 122-123
instantiation and, 58 Swing, 117, 138-140 creating, 122-123
See also classes application programming defined, 122
abstract keyword, 58 interfaces (APIs), 6 illustrated, 122
Abstract Windows Toolkit (AWT), applications, 1 See also layouts
6 argument passing, 39-42 break statement, 25, 30-32
classes, Swing and, 108 primitive, 40-41 defined, 30
GUIs, 107 reference, 41-42 example, 30-31

173
1 74 Index []

break statement (continued) JComboBox, 112 compilation, 2

label, 32 JDialog, 118 components
See also iteration statements JFileChooser, 119 background/foreground
buffered streams, 93-95 JFrame, 117 colors, 116
buffer size, 93 JLabel, 114 borders, 115-116
creating, 93 JList, 114-115 button, 108-109
See also streams JOptionPane, 118-119 check box button, 112
BufferedReader stream, 94-95 JPanel, 120 combo box, 112
defined, 94 JRadioButton, 113 defined, 107
example, 94-95 JScrollPane, 120 disabling, 116
BufferedWrit er stream, 93-94 JTextArea, 113-114 enabling, 116
defined, 93 JTextField, 113 fonts, 116
example, 93-94 with methods, 35-37 inheritance hierarchy,
flushing, 94 MotifLookAndFeel, 124 110-111
buttons, 108-109 with no methods, 34-35 label, 114
check box, 112 Object, 53-57 list, 114-115
creating, 108-109 OutputStream, 83, 84 methods, 115-116
example, 108, 110 packages, 60-63 model class, 107
radio, 112-113 RandomAccessYile, 98-101 radio button, 112-113
See also components Reader, 83, 84 text area, 113-114
byte data types, 11 state, 33 text field, 113
String, 53 view class, 107-108
CalculateProduct example, Thread, 157, 166 See also Swing
22-24, 25-26 TreeMap, 152, 154 conditional statements, 21-26
casting objects, 52-53 WindowsLookAndFeel, 124 else if, 23-24
catch statement, 72, 91, 97 wrapper, 47-48 embedded, 24
characters, 12-13 Writer, 83, 85 if, 21-22
handled by FileInput- ClassNotYoundException if else, 22-23
Stream/FileOutputStream, exception, 103, 104 switch, 24-25
9 close method, 87 constants, 9-10
handled by File- code reuse, 49 character, 12-13
Re ader/Fil eWri t er, CollectExample, 144-146 class, 10
92 Collection interface, 143-144 declared, as final, 9
special, 12 collections, 143-155 declared, as static, 10
check box buttons, I 12 defined, 143 integer, 10-11
Circle program, 7-8 list, 151-152 constructors, 37-38
class constants, i0 map, 152-154 abstract class, 58
classes Set interface, 143-150 default, 38
abstract, 57-59 Collections class, 154-155 defined, 37
adapter, 128-129 Collections Framework, 55, example, 37-38
behavior, 33 143 identifier, 37, 50
Collections, 154-155 class hierarchy, 145 inner class, 68
defined, 33 defined, 143 overloaded, 39
defining, 33 hierarchy illustration, 144 containers, 117-120
exception, 74-76 top-level interfaces, 143 applets, 117
Exception, 74, 80 combo boxes, 112 content pane, 117
Hasl~ap, 152-153 defined, 112 defined, 107
HashTable, 153 example, 109, 112 dialogues, 117-119
inner, 67-69, 129 lists vs., 114 frame, 117
InputStream, 83, 84 See also components intermediate-level, 117,
instances of, 33 comments, 8 119-120
JApplet, 117 Comparable interface, 148-150, layouts, 120-123
java. io. File, 86 155 panels, 119-120
JButton, 108-109 compareTo method, 148-149, scrollpanes, 120
JCheckBox, 112 150 top-level, 107, 117
 II Index 175

windows, 117 format, 23 Yile0utputStream stream, 86,

See also Swing
content pane, 117
continue statement, 31
CreateAccount application,
34-35, 38
CreateBothAccounts class, 51
CreateEmployee application, 40,
41
code, 40, 41
output, 40, 42
createLineBorder method, 116
createLoweredBevelBorder
method, 116
CreateSavingsAccount class, 50
CustomerDetails example,
130-135
data types, 10-16
arrays, 14-16
boolean, 12
byte, 11
character, 12-13
conversion, 18-19
double, 10, 12
float, 12, 19
int, 10, 11, 19
integer, 10-11
long, 11
real, 11-12
short, 11, 19
string, 13-14
target, 19
DataInputStream stream, 97-98
class methods, 95, 98
defined, 95
Data0utputStream stream, 95-96
class methods, 95, 96
defined, 95
example, 95-96
defaultRead0bject method, 104
defaultWrite0bject method, 105
deserialization, 103
destroy method, 141
dialogues, 117-119
defined, 117
illustrated, 118
parent frame, 118
See also containers
do while loop, 29
double data type, 10, 12
else i f statement, 23-24
defined, 23
example, 23-24
See also conditional
statements
embedded conditional
expressions, 24
encapsulation, 64
EOFException exception, 97
equals method, 53-55
example, 55
overridden, 54-55
properties, 54
for testing object contents, 53
equivalence relation, 55
event handling, 124-129
ActionListener interface,
125-126
adapters in, 128-129
class names, 124
defined, 124
ItemListener interface,
126-127
ListSelectionList ener
interface, 127-128
exception classes, 74-76
creating, 75-76
Exception, 74, 80
specific, 75
exceptions
Arr ayIndex0ut ofBounds-
Exception, 72
AssertionError, 81
catch decision, 80
ClassNotFoundException, 103,
104
creation, as subclasses, 80
EOYException, 97
YileNotYoundException, 91-92
handling, 71-74
hierarchy outline, 74
InterruptedException, 158
Invalid0bjectException, 104
IOException, 104
NumberFormatException, 72
propagation of, 76-79
runtime, 72, 79-80
subclassing, 79
thrown, 74, 77
ValueTooSmallException, 101
YilelnputStream stream, 86,
92-93
characters handled by, 92
constructors, 92
FileNotFoundException
exception, 91-92
92-93
characters handled by, 92
constructors, 92
write method, 93
YileReader stream, 86-92
characters handled by, 92
example, 90-91
YileWriter stream, 86-92
characters handled by, 92
close method, 87
example, 86-87
write method, 87-88
filter streams, 83
functionality, 83
wrapping, 98
See also streams
float data type, 12, 19
flow control, 21-32
YlowLayout, 120-121
creating, 121
defined, 121
dynamically adjusted, 121
illustrated, 121
See also layouts
for loop, 30
frames
defined, 117
parent, 118
registering, 134
getAetionCommand method,
125
getClass method, 55
getParameter method, 137
getSelectedItem method, 126
getSource method, 125
getter methods, 65
graphical user interfaces. See
GUIs
GridLayout, 123, 133
GUIs
AWT, 107
developing, 107-141
examples created in Swing,
108, 109, 110
look and feel, 123-124
hashCode method, 55-56
defined, 55
example, 56
overridden, 56
HashMap class, 152-153
HashTable class, 153
hasNext method, 146
1 76 Index m

I/O, 83-105 instance0f operator, 57 Java

buffered streams, 93-95 instances argument passing, 39-42
implementations, 83 defined, 33 automatic garbage collection,
random access files, 98-100 inner class, 68-69 6
Terminal example, 85-86 methods, 44 case sensitivity, 3
identifiers int data type, 10, 11, 19 development environments, 3
constructor, 37, 50 integer data types, 10-11 exception handling, 71-74
defined, 9 interfaces, 59-60 features, 5-6
example, 9 ActionListener, 124, 125- as multithreaded language, 1,
IDEs (integrated development 126 6
environments), 3 Collection, 143-144 object wrapper class support,
compiling/nmning programs Comparable, 148-150, 155 6
in, 3 defined, 59 as object-oriented language, 6
complexity, 4 example, 59-60 release, 1
i f else statement, 22-23 ItemListener, 126-127 syntax, 7-19
defined, 22 List, 151-152 tools, 4-5
example, 22-23 ListSelectionListener, as "write once, run
format, 22 127-128 everywhere," 5
See also conditional Map, 152-154 Java Database Connectivity
statements methods, 60 (JDBC), 6
i f statement, 21-22 for multiple inheritance, 60 java interpreter
braces and, 22 Runnable, 160-164 classpath option, 62-63
defined, 21 Set, 143-150 defined, 5
example use, 21 SortedMap, 154 format, 5
format, 21 SortedSet, 147 functions, 5
See also conditional types of, 124 using, 2
statements WindowListener, 128 java. io. File class, 86
import keyword, 62 InterruptedException exception, Java Virtual Machines (JVMs)
inheritance 158 defined, 2
chains of, 52 Invalid0b j ectExc ept ion environments, 5
defined, 49 exception, 104 size, 5
multiple, form for, 60 IOException exception, 104 javac, 4-5
single, 52 isAlive method, 166 in 1.3 compatibility mode, 81
Swing component hierarchy, isSelected method, 126 classpath option, 62-63
110-111 ItentListener interface, 126-127 -d destination, 5
init method, 140 defined, 126 defined, 4
inner classes, 67-69 example, 127 options, 5
anonymous, 69, 129, 134 implementation, 133 -verbose, 5
constructor, 68 itemStateChanged method, javadoc, 8
defined, 67 126-127 JButton class, 108-109
embedding, 69 See also event handling; JCheckBox class, 112, 126
instances, 68-69 interfaces JComboBox class, 112, 126
local, 69 itemStateChanged method, JDialog class, 118
member variable access, 67 126-127 JFileChooser class, 119
schematic, 67 iteration statements, 28-32 JFrame class, 117
uses, 69 break, 30-32 JLabel class, 114
See also classes continue, 31 JList class, 114-115
InputStream class, 83 do while loop, 29 JOptionPane class, 118-119
defined, 83 for loop, 30 dialogue windows available
hierarchy, 84 while loop, 28-29 through, 118
instance variables, 42-43 Iterator object, 146 showMessageDialog method,
defined, 42 118-119
examples, 42 JApplet class, 117 JPanel class, 120
values, 42-43 jar files, 105, 141 JRadioButton class, 113
See also variables jar tool, 105 JScrollPane class, 114, 120
 " Index 177

JTextArea class, 113-114 main method, 3, 77, 78 setBorder, 115

JTextField class, 113 MapExample, 152-153 setCharAt, 46
just-in-time compilers (JITs), 5 marker interface, 102 setEnabled, 116
member variables, 33, 34, 43 setFont, 116
keySet method, 153-154 inner class access to, 67 setYoreground, 116
keywords specifying, 45 setPreferredSize, 130
abstract, 58 methods, 35-37 setter, 65
import, 62 abstract, 58 showMessageDialog, 118-119
new, 76 accessor, 65 sleep, 163
super, 52, 58 body, 35 sort, 155
synchronized, 164 call stack, 77 start, 141,163
this, 45-46, 165 close, 87 static, 44-45
transient, 104 compareTo, 148-149, 150 stop, 141,164
createLineBorder, 116 subList, 152
labels, 114 creat eLoweredBevelBorder, t oString, 56- 57
layouts, 120-123 116 valueChanged, 128
BorderLayout, 122-123 declaration form, 35 void, 36
FlowLayout, 120-121 defaultReadObject, 104 write, 87-88, 93
GridLayout, 123 defaultWriteObject, 105 writeChars, 100
types of, 120 defined, 35, 33 MotifLookAndYeel class, 124
See also containers destroy, 141 Multiply class, 71, 72-73
length method, 99 equals, 53-55 Multiply. html, 135
List interface, 151-152 example, 35-36 Multiply. java, 1-4
ListIterator, 152 example statements using, 37 code, 1-2
methods, 151 exiting, 36 defined, 2
subList method, 152 getActionCommand, 125 as standalone application, 2
listener interface, 124, 169-171 getClass, 55 MultiplyApplet
lists, 114-115 getParameter, 137 Applet viewer invoking, 138
as collection, 151 getSelectedItem, 126 code, 136-137
combo boxes vs., 114 getSource, 125 constructor, 140
creating, 115 getter, 65 defined, 135
defined, 114 hashCode, 55-56 Internet Explorer invoking,
list model, 114, 115 hasNext, 146 139
selection model, 114 1nit, 140 Swing version, 139-140
See also components instance, 44 MultiplyClass class, 75, 76-77,
ListSelectionListener interface, mvocation syntax, 37 78, 79-80
127-128 isAlive, 166
defined, 127 isSelected, 126 new keyword, 76
example, 128 itemStateChanged, 126-127 next method, 146
valueChanged method, 128 keySet, 153-154 NumberFormatException, 72
See also event handling; length, 99
interfaces mutator, 65 Object class, 53-57
local inner classes, 69 next, 146 defined, 53
logical operators, 26-28 overloading, 39 equals method, 53-55
listof, 27 overriding, 49, 50, 52 getClass method, 55
output, 27-28 paint, 137 hashCode method, 55-56
precedence, 26, 167 paintComponent, 129 toString method, 56-57
use of, 27 readChar, 98, 100 See also classes
long data type, 11 readFloat, 98 ObjectlnputStream stream, 101,
loops remove, 146 103
do while, 29 repaint, 163 defaultReadObject method,
for, 30 reverse, 155 104
inner, 31 run, 160, 164 defined, 101
nested, 31 seek, 99, 100 ObjectOutputStream stream, 101,
while, 28-29 setBackground, 116 103
| ~8 Index I

objects strategy, 64-65 seek method, 99, I00

casting, 52-53
contents, testing, 53
defined, 33
YileReader, 86
FileWriter, 86
initializingstate of, 27
Integer, 47, 48
Iterator, 146
PrintStream, 86
serialization,101-105
String, 13-14, 47, 48
StringBuffer, 46
SynchronizedSumming, 165
throwable, 76
wrappers, 47-48
OneToTwenty applet, 161
operator precedence, 26, 167
OutputArray program, 15, 29
OutputStream class, 83
defined, 83
hierarchy, 84
OutputStreamWriter stream,
88-89
characters written to, 89
defined, 88
package access, 63
packages, 60-63
for access control, 60
defined, 60
documentation, 62
hierarchies, 61
naming convention, 62
prefix, 62
Sun Microsystems-supplied,
62
supplied, 62
See also classes
paint method, 137
paintComponent method, 129
PaintPanel example, 129-130
panels, 119-120
agePanel, 134
defined, 119
freqPanel, 133
PerformTransaction interface, 60
polymorphism, 39, 50
PrintNumbersThread program,
158
PrintStream object, 86
PrintWriter stream, 89-90
private access, 63-65
defined, 63
example, 63-64
See also access control
protected access, 63, 65-66
defined, 65
example, 65-66
See also access control
public access, 63
radio buttons, 112-113
example, 109, 112
groups, 112-113
setting default, 134
See also components
random access files, 98-100
reading from, 100
writing to, 99-100
RandomAccessYile class, 98-101
constructor, 99, 100
defined, 98
length method, 99
readChar method, 100
seek method, 99, 100
writeChars method, 100
ReadAccount program, 103
ReadBinYile example, 97
ReadBufYile example, 94-95
readChar method, 98, 100
Reader class, 83, 84
ReadYile program, 90-91
readYloat method, 98
ReadRAYexample, 100
ReadWriteYile example, 92
real numbers, 11-12
relational operators, 26
remove method, 146
repaint method, 163
reverse method, 155
RMI (Remote Method Invocation),
101
run method, 160, 164
Runnable interface, 160-164
applet class declaration, 162
defined, 160
implementation, 162, 164
run method, 160
specification, 160
RunThreads program, 158-159
runtime exceptions, 72, 79-80
defined, 79
example, 79-80
use of, 80
SavingsAccount class, 49-50
scrollpanes, 120
security, applet, 141
Serializable interface, 102
serialization,101-105
controlling, 104-105
defined, 101
deserialization and, 103
static variables and, 102
topics, 101
servlets, 6
Set interface, 143-150
defined, 143
methods, 143-144
setBackground method, 116
setBorder method, 115
setCharAt method, 46
setEnabled method, 116
setYont method, 116
setYoreground method, 116
setPreferredSize method, 130
setter methods, 65
short data type, 11, 19
showMessageDialog method,
118-119
sleep method, 163
Software Development Kit (SDK),
3, 124
defined, 3
tools, 4-5
sort method, 155
Sorte~ap interface, 154
SortedSet interface, 147
start method, 141,163
statements, 8-9
blocks, 9
conditional, 21-26
defined, 8
example, 8
iteration, 28-32
static methods, 3, 44-45
defined, 44
identification, 44
instance variable access and,
45
static variables, 43-44
defined, 43
example, 43
prefix, 44
serialization and, 102
See also variables
stop method, 141, 164
streams, 83
buffered, 93-95
BufferedReader, 94-95
BufferedWriter, 93-94
byte, 101

DataInputStream, 97-98
DataOutputStream, 95-96
YileInputStream, 86, 92-93
YileOutputStream, 86, 92-93
FileReader, 86-92
YileWriter, 86-92
filter, 83
ObjectInputStream, 101, 103
ObjectOutputStream, 101, 103
OutputStreamWriter, 88-89
PrintWriter, 89-90
String class, 53
String object, 13-14, 47, 48
StringBuffer object, 46
strings, 13-14
declaring, 13
defined, 13
immutability, 14
subclasses, creating, 49-53
subList method, 152
SumOddArguments program, 30-31
SumSomeArguments program,
31-32
super keyword, 52, 58
Swing, 6
applets, 117, 138-140
AWT classes and, 108
components, 107-115
concepts, 107
containers, 107, 117-120
event handling, 107
events, 169-171
painting with, 129-130
See also GUIs
switch statement, 24-26
example, 25-26
format, 24-25
synchronized keyword, 164
SynchronizedSumming class,
164-165
II Index 1 79
Terminal I/O example, 85-86 variables, 9
text areas, 113-114 character, 12-13
default, 114 declaring, 9
defined, 113 defined, 9
example, 109, 113 as identifier example, 9
See also components instance, 42-43
text fields, 113 integer, 10-11
this keyword, 45-46, 165 local, 4 5
Thread class, 157, 166 member, 33, 34, 43, 45
YhreadedNumbers applet, 162 private, 68
ThreadForEver applet, 163-164 as references, 46
threads, 157-166 static, 43-44
alive, 166 Vectors, 47
dead, 166
defined, 157 while loop, 28-29
execution delay, 157 example, 29
finite applet example, syntax, 28-29
161-163 See also iteration statements
infinite applet example, WindowListener interface,128
163-164 windows, 117
new, 166 WindowsLookAndFeel class,124
not runnable, 166 wrapper classes,47-48
priorities, 160 write method, 87-88, 93
runnable, 166 WriteAccount program, 102
starting, 160, 163 WriteBinFile example, 95-96,
states, 166 98
synchronizing, 164-165 WriteBufFile example, 93-94
toString method, 56-57 writeChars method, 100
defined, 56 WriteFile example, 86-88
example, 57 WritePrintFile program, 89
explicit invocation, 56 Writer class,83, 85
implicit invocation, 56-57 WriteRAF example, 99
transient keyword, 104
transitive closure, 104
TreeMap classes, 152, 154
try statement, 72
valueChanged method, 128
ValueTooSmallException
exception, 101