Fishing industry (unit: 6)

By Sir Bilal Sarwar from DMC fsd (03228659670)

Topic: Marine fishing.

Q What is meant by subsistence fishing?

Ans: Subsistence fishing is done on small scale to fulfill (meet) family food needs. Traditional wooden sail
boats and nets are used. There is little surplus (extra) fish catch to earn (make) money.

Q What is commercial fishing?

Ans: Commercial fishing is carried out at large scale, usually mechanized boats and large nets are used.
Fish catch is on large scale to earn (make) money.

Q Names the types of marine fish caught from coastal areas of Pakistan.

Ans: Shark, drum, croaker, skates, ray, herring, mackerel, sardines, shrimps and octopus.

Q Name the fishing tools used for fishing.

Ans: Nets, floats, winches, fishing rods, nylon rope and hooks.

Q Name the major fish importers of fish from Pakistan.

Ans: Srilanka, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, United Kingdom, U.S.A, Germany and France. These
countries import only marine fish.

Q Name the main fishing months in Pakistan.

Ans: The peak fishing months are October and November for shrimps. From November to January other
types of fish are caught from sea.

Q Name the largest fishing products of Pakistan.

Ans: Shrimps.

Q Why fishing is not practiced from many to September in coastal areas?

Ans: Due to rough sea in Monsoon season and restriction from government due to breeding season.

Q Name the fishing ports of Balochistan.

Ans: Jiwani, Gawadar, Pasni, Ormara and Sonmiani.

Q Why fish is so plentiful in the mangroves of the Indus delta coast? (4) N2002

Ans: Fish are plentiful in the Indus delta coast because river Indus brings enough quantity (amount) of
fish food. Mangrove forest provides breeding place for shrimp and fish. Falling leaves and fruit of
mangrove provide nutrients (food) to fish. The roots of mangrove protect small fish from predators (big
fish). Roots of mangrove also trap nutrients brought by river.

Q What are uses of fish?

Ans: Fish is source of nutritious (healthy) white meat and has low cholesterol. Oil extracted (taken out)
from fish is source of nutrition. Fish waste is used to make fertilizer and poultry feed.

Q why fish catch is more in Sindh coast than Balochistan?

Ans: Sindh coast has many creeks rich in nutrients have plenty of fish. Sindh coast has wide continental
shelf with shallow water fishing activity is easier. Indus delta along Sindh coast is rich in nutrients (food)
brought by river Indus. Commercial fishing is common along Sindh coast. Sindh has better fish
processing facility.

Q How fish can be stored and processed?

Ans: (1) Fish can be stored in ice storages or refrigeration facility. (2) Fish can be salted and dried. (3)
Fish can be packed in canned form after processing. (4) Fish oil can be extracted from fish and fish meat
can be frozen.

Q Compare Gill-netter with traditional sail boat?

Ans: Gill-netter are mechanized boats can travel 50 to 60 km in sea. It can stay in sea for many days. It
has cold storage. Winches are used to pull long nets. Navigations system, sonar and wireless system are
also equipped (set) in Gill-netter. Traditional sail boats can travel 3 to 5 KM in sea. Traditional sail boat
has to return before evening, it can catch little amount of fish used for subsistence fishing.

Q Name fish harbor (ports) located on Sind coast.

Ans: Karachi and Korangi fish port.

Q Describe how marine fishing methods can be improved.

Ans: (1) Boats with engine can go further in sea and can stay for longer time in sea. (2) Cold storage in
boats can keep fish fresh. (3) Winches in boats can pull long net from sea along with fish. (4) Sonar can
be used to locate fish. (5) Bigger and stronger nets can catch large quantity of fish. (6) Radio can be used
for communication (contact) in case of emergency. (7) Fishermen can use modern fishing methods by
education and training. (8) Weather forecast can warn about bad weather.

Q Why fish processing called value added? (1)

Ans: Fish processing increases profit many times.

Q Why weight of marine fish catch has decreased?

Ans: (1) Overfishing has decreased quantity of fish catch in sea; many types of fish have became extinct.
(2) Water pollution and oil spills have affected fish production. (3) Loss of breeding areas and shelter due
to deforestation of mangrove forest. (4) Fishing is closed in breeding season. (5) Fishing on large scale by
foreign boats in marine water of Pakistan. (6) There is a ban on canned fish of Pakistan by Western
countries.

Q How does poor infrastructure of Balochistan is handles in development of fishing industry?

Ans: (1) Poor roads and no railway line on Makran coast is hurdle in transport of fish products. (2) There
is lack of electricity supply for processing. (3) Marketing is difficult due to poor telecommunication
system. (4) Lack of training and education is hurdle in adopting modern fishing methods. (5) There is lack
of clean water for processing.

Topic: Inland fishing.

Q Differentiate between marine and inland fish.

Ans: Marine fishing is done in water sources or reservoirs in the interiors of the land like rivers and lakes
etc.

Q Name the type of inland fish.

Ans: Rahu, Phalla, Thalla, Manaseer, Carp, Trout, Gulfam in Punjab, carp in Sindh.

Q Name the fishing centers.

Ans: (1) Manchar lake in Dadu (Sindh) (2) Haleji and Kairi lakes in Thatta (Sindh) (3) Kotri and Sukkur
Barrages in Sindh. (4) Lakes of Mangla and Tarbela dams. (5) Chotiari dam in Sanghar (Sindh) (6) River
Indus and its tributaries.

Q Why more people are employed in inland fisheries?

Ans: (1) More people live near rivers and lakes are busy in fishing activity. (2) Workers are needed in
maintenance of fish farm. (3)A large number of people are employed in hatcheries. (4) Workers needed
for feeding and catching fish from fish farm. (5) Workers are employed in transport and marketing of fish
and its products. (6) Government is also encouraging inland fishing by providing loans and technical
help.

Q What are advantages and disadvantages of developing fishing industry?

Ans: Advantages: (1) Fish is source of healthy food rich in protein. (2) It creates employment and
increase income of people. (3) Fishing industry increase exports and make foreign exchange, e.g.
Shrimps are exported to Japan, dried fish to Middle East and Srilanka. (4) Fishing cause growth of
industries like boat making and fish processing. (6) Fishing is sustainable and fee source of food.

Disadvantages: (1) There is lack of skilled and trained labor. (2) Technology used for fishing is costly. (3)
There is problem of overfishing. (4) Canned fish from Pakistan is banned in western countries. (5) Profit
is not large and is delayed.

Topic: Fish farms.

Q Define Aqua culture.

Ans: Developing fish farming.

Q Describe fishing methods used in fish farm. (4)

Ans: Pond are prepared, cow dung or fertilizer is kept for decomposition to increase nutrients. Insects
are kept for fish food. Small fish are brought from hatcheries and kept in fish farm. Regular feed in
provided with poultry waste. Different species are kept in separate pounds. Health of fish is checked
regularly. Level of water is checked and water is cleaned. Fish are transferred to ponds according to size.
Fully grown or marketable size are caught by nets and sold in fish market.
Q What is favorable condition for fish farming?

Ans: Soft mud makes it easier to dug ponds of fish farm. Nearby canals provide water. Tube well can be
used if electricity is available. If big city is located in nearby then marketing is easier.

Q Why is fish farming of growing importance in Pakistan?

Ans: Fish farming is importance due to growing demand (needs) of fish by large population. Fish provide
white meat rich in protein and free of cholesterol. It is believed that fish form gives more profit.
Government encourages (support) fish farming.

Q What are disadvantages of fish farming?

Ans: In fish farms Sub soil water is pumped out can lower water table, chemical feed can cause
pollution. Fish farming can cause water logging and salinity.

Q Name the most common fish kept in fish farm.

Ans: Rahu.

Q State the three ways in which the fish farm owners can improve the site of fish farm.

Ans: Separate ponds should be used for different species of fishponds should be lined with bricks to
prevent loss of water. Trees along bank should be planted for shade. Ponds should be full of water for
healthy growth of fish.

Q What are steps taken by government to promote fishing?

Ans: (1) A.D.B.P (Agricultural development bank of Pakistan) provides loans to fisher men. (2) Provincial
fisheries department provide technical help. (3) Government has set up hatcheries to provide small fish
to fish farms. (4) Fisheries training centers are set up to provide training to fisher men. (5) Cold storages
are setup for fish storage. (6) Processing centers are set up for cleaning, preserving and packing fish. (7)
Government has set up fish ports at Pasni, Gawader, Korangi and Karachi. Increase of per capita use of
fish. There is increase in type of fishing products. Government has taken steps to improve socio-
economic conditions of the fishermen’s community.

Q Name the sports fish.

Ans: Trout.

Q Describe fishing industry of Makran coast with reference to methods of fishing, ports and uses of fish
caught. (6)

Ans: The Makran coast is about 600 Km in length. It covers two-third of Pakistan coast. Only one third of
marine fish is caught from Makran coast. Fishing is the main job of people living along Makran coast.
Mostly subsistence fishing is common. Commercial fishing is also done. Gawadar, Pasni, Ormara,
Sonmiani are the main fishing ports set up along Makran coast. Herring, mackerel, sardine and shark are
common type of fish caught from here.

Q Name the type of fish caught along Indus Delta.

Ans: Crab, lobster, prawns (jinga) and sardines.

Q What steps are taken by government to develop fishing industry along Makran coast?

Ans: Government has set up Gawadar and Pasni fish ports with the help of Asian development bank, ice
factories and cold storages are set up for fish storage. Loading, unloading and docking facilities are
provided.

Q What are advantages and disadvantages of developing fish processing industries in the ports of
Balochistan? (6) 2011

Ans Advantages: (1) Fish processing industry could stimulate fish industry and port facilities. (2)
Processing industry in ports of Balochistan would reduce transportation charges of fish because there
would be no need to transport fish to Karachi. There will be no delay in orders.(4) It will add to value of
fish.(5) create jobs for locals will increase their income and living standard.(6) It will increase investment
and establishment of infrastructure like power, roads, telecommunication.

Disadvantages: There is lack of infrastructure like road, power and water. Small market is available in
Balochistan. There is long distance to the main urban centers like Karachi. There is lack of investment.
Canned fish of Pakistan is ban due to poor quality. Fish Processing can cause pollution. Climate of
Balochistan is unfriendly for fish processing industry.

Hatchery: an establishment where fish eggs are hatched.

Dhoro: Term used in Sindh for an abandoned river channel. It is used as fish farm.

By Sir Bilal Sarwar from DMC Faisalabad (03228659670)

Mineral Resources Topical Questions.

Q Describe the mining methods.

Ans: Adit mining: The seam of mineral is exposed on a slope and is approached through a tunnel from
the side of a hill.

Shaft mining: Vertical shaft goes down the hill till it reaches the seam of mineral. Then direction of mine
can be changed according to seam of mineral deposit.

Open cast mining: If the seam of mineral lies close to surface. The mineral is scoop up with the help of
excavators and power showel.

Quarrying: is an open cast mining, the useful part of rock is cutoff with help of hand tools, power saw
and explosives.

Q Name one non-metallic mineral extracted in Pakistan.

Ans: Marble, lime stone, china clay and sulphur.

Q How metallic and non-metallic minerals are different?

Ans: Metallic minerals are hard, tough and shiny, metals can change shape without breaking, metals can
be stretched and compressed, many metals are good thermal and electric conductors, metals are more
reactive to water and Acid.
Non-Metallic minerals are soft, rough, break away when shape is changed, poor thermal conductor, less
reactive to water and acid.

Q State the meaning of terms mineral exploration and mineral extraction. (2)

Ans: Mineral exploration means searching out for minerals. This is called prospecting.

Mineral extraction means working and taking out the mineral from mines.

Q What are the hurdles in the way of mineral development?

Ans: Lack of capital, technical knowledge, experts, government priority and mismanagement. Remote
deposits have difficult access.

Q Describe the measure and policies which has been introduced in Pakistan to promote the exploration
of minerals.

Ans: (1) Geological survey of Pakistan was established in 1947 for mapping of workable mineral deposits.
(2) In 1961 oil and Gas Corporation of Pakistan was set up to explore, develop, refine and sell oil and gas.
(3) Resource Development Corporation was founded for development of Saindak copper project. (4)
Gemstone Corporation of Pakistan was setup to developed gemstone resources. (5) National mineral
policy was announced in 1995 offered attractive incentives to attract local and foreign investors.

Topic: Rock Salt.

Q Describe the factors that help and those hinder the production of raw material in Khwara.

Ans: Khwera salt mine covers an area of 25 sq miles. Factors that have helped are vastness of the
deposits, thick layer of salt and the purity or quality of salt.

Factors that hinder the production of salt are lack of latest mining machinery and storage facility and
shortage of electricity.

Q Name the places where rock salt is extracted.

Ans: Karak, Jatta and Bahadur Kheil in K.P.K, Khewra and Warcha in Punjab,

Q In what ways is rock salt important to industry and to people? (5) N2001

Ans: Rock salt is used in cooking and as food preservation. In chemical industry it is used in
manufacturing of different kinds of sodas like caustic soda, washing soda, soda bicarbonate. Rock salt is
also used in textile, tanning and laundries. Earn foreign exchange by exports and generate employment
by mining.

Q What is mixture of rock salt and water called?

Ans: Brine.

Topic: Lime Stone.

Q Describe the distribution of lime stone deposits in Pakistan? (3)

Ans: In Punjab it is found in Khwera, Dandot, Daud Kheil, Rawal Pindi and D.G Khan. Nowshera, Khot,
Pezu in K.P.K. Harnai in Balochistan. Kot Deji hills, Ganjo Takar, Mangopir and Murli hills in Sindh.
Q What are uses of lime stone?

Ans: Lime stone is raw material for cement. It is used in manufacturing glass, soap, paper, bleaching
powder and paints. It is painted on tree trunks to protect them from termite and treat salinity.

Q Which of mineral has deposit each for Karachi and Hyderabad that enables to establish cement
factory?

Ans: Manghopir hills and Murli hills limestone deposit Karachi. Ganjo Takar hills of lime stone near
Hyderabad.

Q Which of the mineral has the most wide spread deposits? (1)

Ans: Lime stone.

Q Why is the supply of lime stone to the most areas likely to be cheaper than rock salt?

Ans: Deposits of lime stone are wide spread throughout the country and are used in cement so they are
cheap where as salt deposit are found mostly in the north of country costs lot of transportation charges
to supply it to all parts of country.

Topic: Gypsum.

Q Name one Gypsum deposit in salt range.

Ans: Khwera. (also Dendot and Daud Kheil)

Q What are uses of gypsum?

Ans: It is raw material for cement and plaster of paris. It is used to manufacture fertilizer, paints, and
prefabricated boards and used to treat salinity.

Q Name the places of gypsum deposit.

Ans: Dandot, khwera In Punjab. Chamlong, spintangi in Balochistan. Saiduwalin in K.P.K.

Topic: Marble.

Q Name the places form where marble is extracted.

Ans: Mullagori, Maneri and Ganai Tarko from K.P.K. Chagai, in Balochistan. Thano Bula khan in Sindh.

Q What are uses of marble?

Ans: It is used for making decoration pieces and floors.

Topic: Clays.

Q Name a place from where china clay is extracted.

Ans: Shah Deri in K.P.K.

Q What are uses of china clay?

Ans: It is used to make ceramics and special cement.

Q What are uses of fire clay?

Ans: It is used to make fire bricks of refectories and insulating bricks. Used in pottery and chemicals.

Q Name the places of extraction of fuller earth?

Ans: Sulaiman range.

Q What are uses of fuller earth?

Ans: it is used in steel making, oil drilling and oil refinery.

Topic: Sulphur.

Q Name the places where sulphur is extracted.

Ans: Kohi Sultan and Sanni in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of sulphur?

Ans: Sulphur is used in manufacturing of sulphuric acid, fertilizer, paint, dyes, rayon and explosives.

Q Name a place from where copper is extracted.

Ans: Saindak in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of copper?

Ans: It is used in making electrical wire, water pipes, tanks and alloys.

Q Name the places where iron is extracted.

Ans: Dommel Nissar, Marai Bala, Mazari Tang in K.P.K. Kala Bagh in Punjab. Chil Gazi in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of Iron ore?

Ans: Steel making, construction and transport.

Q Name a place from where magnetite is extracted.

Ans: Spin Khan and Kohi Moran in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of Magnesite?

Ans: (Magnesium carbonates a white mineral)

It is used in manufacturing of cement, pulp, paper, rayon, fertilizer and medicines.

Q Name the places where manganese is extracted.

Ans: It is extracted from Lasbela and Zhob in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of Manganese?

Ans: (A grayish white metallic chemical element, hard and brittle, rust like iron and is non-metallic)

It is used in making dry batteries, paints. It is vital alloy in steel making, flares and flash bulb.
Q Name a place of Chromite extraction.

Ans: Muslim Bagh in Balochistan.

Q What are uses of Chromite?

Ans: (a black mineral with metallic luster) it is used in chromium electroplating, steel making, making
engineering tools, lining in metallurgical furnace.

(ii) Suggest why the production of minerals, such as chromite, varies from year to year. [3] Ans: (1)
Lack of Investment and funding. (2) Demand and orders varies. (3) Due to loss many companies have left
Pakistan. (4) Problems with machinery. (5) Reserves of chromite are reducing. (6) Due to difficult
landform of Balochistan it is difficult to find new reserves. (7) Terrorism, poor law and order in
Balochistan is a hurdle.

Q Name a place of extraction of celestite?

Ans: Thano Bula khan in Sindh and Daud Khel in Punjab.

Q What are uses of celestitie?

Ans: (1) Tracer bullets (2) firework (3) paints and (4) plastic.

Q Name a place of extraction of Bauxite?

Ans: Muzafarabad in Kashmir.

Q What are uses of Bauxite?

Ans: ( Alluminium oxide) Alluminium is extracted from Bauxite used in Utensils, tin and cans.

Q How environment is damaged by unscientific mining?

Ans: (1) Deforestation is done to construct roads and mining. (2) Large pits are dug are filled with rain
water may cause flooding. (3) Air pollution is caused due to blasting. Noise pollution is caused due to use
of explosives (4) wild life also disturbs from blasting. (5) Mining waste cause water pollution. (6) cause
health problems in miners.

Q How problems due to unscientific mining can be reduced? [4]

Ans: (1) Laws should be introduced by government to check the activities of mining companies. (2) Tree
planting the area around mine should be properly planted with trees so that atmosphere will remain
healthily. (3) Land restoration the land should be leveled and depressions should be filled. (4) Personal
health and safety – wearing of masks against the dust, ear defenders, and regular medical checkups
should be provided to miners. (5) Mining waste should be properly treated.

(d) To what extent can more extraction of mineral resources help to increase development in Pakistan?
[6]

Ans: In favor Increase trade and exports while reduce imports. Raise GDP andGNP, increase the
economy Increase employment. Raise taxes and government earnings. Attracts foreign investment.
Causes Rural development and Provides more fuel or raw material to industry so increase
Industrialization for example mining of coal and iron ore can develop steel industry. Develop skills of
work force.