KISWAHILI LANGUAGE ORIGIN OF KISWAHILI Kiswahili language came up as a result of interaction between the bantu speaking people at the East African Coast and the Arabs who had come to trade in early 18" century. Kiswahili language is a pure Bantu language which was simply affected by the vocabulary from Arabie language. A bigger percentage of round 70% of the Kiswahili words come from Bantu languages e.g. Luganda, Kiyomwezi, Kikuyu, Kihaya, Kirundi, Percentage of around 25% language of the Kiswahili words come from Arabic. THE ALPHABETS OF KISWAHILI - Kiswahili language has thirty letters of alphabet that is 25 consonants and 5 vowels. - Each letter of alphabet is called herufi, ‘There are some strange letters in Kiswahili and these include the following: “th”, this letter is pronounced by placing the tongue between the teeth. It is a voiced letter. It has the same sound as the following English words; then, those, that, etc. “PH. Ss waday wv vowadt "PUFA Peery fba, cha, da, dha, fa, gha, ja, ka, la, ma, na, nya nga, pa, Ta, sa, sha, ta, tha, va, wa, ya, be, che, de, dhe, fe, ghe, je, ke, le, me, ne, nye, pe, re, se, she, te, the, ve, we, ye, ze, a,@,i,0,u bi, chi, di, dhi fi, ghi hi, ii, ki, ii, mi, ni, nyi, ngi, pi, ri si, shi, ty, thi, vi, wi, yi, 2, bo, cho, dho fo, gho ho, jo, ko, lo, mo, no, nyo, ngo, po, 10, 50, sho, to, tho, vo, wo, yo, 20, bu chu du dhu fu ghu hu ju ku mu nu nyu ngu pu su shu tu thu vu wu ya zu‘Ss PRONUNCIATION EXERCISE ‘ry to pronounce these words well i Lugha (Language) ii, Ghali (Expensive) iii, Ngombe (cow) iv. Thelathini (30) v. Dharau (despise) vi. Theluji (snow) vii. Dhani (think) viii, Ngata (bite) ix. Dhuru (harm) x. Ghasia (disturbance) xi. Shida (problems) xii, Chai (tea) xiii. Shika (catch) xiv. Cheka (laugh) The following are forms of greetings that are commonly used in Kiswahili SALAMU (GREETINGS) (i) Jambo (Hello, How do you do?) (ii) Hujambo? (How are you?) (iii) Hamjambo? (How are you all?) (iv) Salama? (Is it peace?) (v) — Habari gani? (What news?) (vi) Habarizako? (What news of yours?) (vil) Habari zenu? (What news of your all?) (viii) Vipi? (How is it?) (i) U Mzima? (Are you well?) (x) Uhali gani? (What state are you in?) (xi) Wasemaje? (What do you say?) + (xii) Mwasemaje (What do you say all of you?) (xiii) Subalkheri (Good morning to you!) (xiv) Masalkheri (Good afternoon to you) (xv) Shikamoo! (How are you to a respectable) JIBU (ANSWER/REPLY) ~ Jambo (Hello/How do you do too) ~ Sijambo (1 am all right) ~ Hatujambo (we are all right) ~ Salama (its peace) ~ Nzuril Njema (Good) ~ Nzuri/Njema (good) ~ Nauri/Njema (good) ~ Safi/Sawa/salama/poa/shawari (good) - Ni mzima (1 am well) - Sijambo/Njema/Nzuri (good) - Sina taabu (No problem) ~ Hatuna tabu (we have no problem) - Subalkiheri (good morning too) - Masalkheri (good afternoon too) - Marahaba (good)The form of greeting “Habari gani? It can be used in different ways such as; ¢* Habari Za Asubuhi? (What is the news of morning? - Nzuri/Njema (good) ** — Habari za Mchana? (what is the news of afternoon day? -Nzuri/Njema (good) ‘ — Habari za Jioni? (What is the news of evening? + Nzuri/Njema “> Habari za Usiku? (What is the news of the night) - Nzuri/Njema ‘* Habari za Masomo? (What is the news of the studies? —_- Nauri/Njema ‘+ Habari za Nyumbani? (Whats the news of the home?) - Nauri/Njema * Habari za kazi? (What is the news of the work) - Nauri/Njema “ Habariz.za safari? (What is the news of the journey? - Nzuri/Njema ‘* — Habari za siku nyingi? (What is the news of many days? - Nzuri/Njema To say Not good or not fine. say Sinzurior sinjema ADABU (MANNERS) This section of manners covers a wide area but a few points have been selected for a beginner of Kiswahili languages as outlined below; 1. When entering one’s house or office as for permission by saying Hadi! Hadit You will either be answered Karibu (come in) or Karibuni (come in if they are many). To say hold on, say Subiri Kidogo or ngoja kidogo 2. To say “well done” say Asante kwakazi or Hongera kwa kazi The reply in Asante or Asanteni (Thank you) 3. To say “good bye” say kwaheri or Kwaherini. The reply is kwaheri or kwaherini 4. To someone who has problems say “pole” e.g. pole kwa ugonwa (sorry about the sickness) Pole kwa kifiwa (sorry for losing someone!) Pole kwa kuibiwa (sorry for being robbed) The reply is Asante. or Asanteni (Thank you) To say thank you say Asante or Asanteni The reply is Karibuor Karibuni (you are welcome) To say congratulation say Hongera e.g. Hongera kwa kuzaa mtoto (congratulations upon: producing a child) Hongera kwa kihutimu (congratulations upon graduating) Hongera kwa Arusi (congratulations upon wedding) ze The reply is Asante or Asanteni j To say good night say, Lala salama or Usikumwema ~ The reply is Lala salama pia or Usiku Mwema pia, To say Excuse me say Samahani also it can be used for sorry. The reply is Haidhuru or Usijali (Don't mind) For yes say ndiyo and for no say sindiyo or la or Hapana or Lahasha.To say come back again to a visitor or a customer or someone talking say Kaributena or Kaaribuni tena. The reply is Asante or Asanteni If your name is called out say Naam, It can also be used to mean yes. ‘MEANO - EXAMPLE The following dialogue is an example of a conversation that is likely to take place when you have visited an old man in your village Kijana Musa: Hodi! Hodit (May I come in?) MzeeYohana: Karibu! Karibu ndani! (come in) Kijana Musa: Shikamoo Mzee Yohana: Marahaba Mwanangu Karibu kiti starehe! (Thank you my son. Have a seat. Feel at ease) Kijana Musa: Asante sana (Thank you very much) Mzee Yohana: Nyumbani Hawajambo? (How are people at home?) Kijan Musa: Hawajambo, lakini baba yangu ni mgonjwa (They aright, but my father is sick) Mzee Yohana: ‘Ana ugonjwa gani? (What sickness is he suffering from?) Kijana Musa: ‘Ana homa ya malaria (He has malaria fever) Mzee Yohana: Pole! (sorry) Kijana Musa: ‘Tafadhali ninaomba shoka mzee (Please I am requesting for an axe please) Mzee Yohana: Haya basi, chukua (Alright take) Kijana Musa: Asante sana, kwaheri! (Thank you very much, bye) Mzee Yohana: Karibu mwanangu, Kwaheri pia! (Your welcome my son, bye too) SIMPLE SELF INTRODUCTION - Jina langu ni...... (My name Jina lako ni nani? (What is your name?) - Unasomea wapi? (Where are you schooling from?) - _ Ninasomea shule ya sekondari ya Eagles, Nest Kampala - Unasoma kidato gani? (Which class are you in?) Ninasoma kitato cha kwanza (I am in senior one) Una maika Mingapi? (How many years are you?) - Nina miaka kumi na mitatu (1am 13 years old)Head - Kichwa Hair - Nywele Ear - Sikio Bye -Jicho Nose - Pua Mouth - Kinywa Lip - Mdomo Chic - Shavu Tooth - fino ‘Tongue - Ulimi Face -uso/sura/wajihi Chin - Kidevu Buttock - tako Leg - Mguu Toe - Kidole soweene . Friday Masaa (time) 7:00 am 8:00am 9:00 am 10:00 am 11:00 am 12:00am 01:00pm 02:00pm 03:00pm 04:00pm 05:00 pm Saturday . Sunday Monday ‘Tuesday . Wednesday . Thursday Saa Saa Saa Saa Saa Saa Sa Saa Saa MWILLWABINADAMU. Neck - Shingo Shoulder - Bega ‘Arm - Mkono Finger - Kidole Hand - Kiganja Chest - Kifua Back ~ Mgongo Waist ~ Kiuno Breast - titi Stomach - tumbo Rib - mbavu Thigh- paja Foot - wayo Skin - ngozi SIKUZA WIKI (DAYS OF THE WEEK) Jumamosi Juma pili Juma tatu Juma nne Juma tano Alhamisi Ijumaa moja ya asubuhi mbili_ ya asububi tatu ya asubuni nne ya —asubuhi tano ya asubuhi sita. ya adhuhuri saba ya adbuhuri nane ya alasiri tisa. ya —alasiri kumi ya ion kumi na moja ya jion 5Saa kumi na mbili ya jion Saa moja ya usiku Saambili ya —_usiku Saa atatu ya —_usiku Saa nme ya — usika Saa tano ya usika Saa sita ya usiku Saasaba ya —_usiku Saa nane ya —usiku Saa tisa ya usiku Saa kumi alfajiri 05:00pm = - = Saa_—kumi_ na mojaalfajiri 06:00pm = - =~ Saa_ kumi na mbili alfajiri Note Sasa ni saa_ngapi? {What is the time now?) Sasa ni saa (The time is now... Mentioning minutes after or before any hour say; (). Saa.........na dakika ....... (for minutes after the mentioned hour) (i) $a num Kasoro dakika ..... (for minutes to the mentioned above) (i) Saa ...... na nusu (for ¥ after the mentioned hour) (iv) Saa.......kasorobo ( ¥% to the mentioned hour) (v) Saa...... kamili (for net/sharp after the mentioned hour) ‘KUHESABU {COUNTING) 0-Sufuri 11 - Kumi na moja 1-Moja 12 - Kumi no mbili 2- Mbili 13 - Kumi na tatu 3-Tatu 14 - Kuminanne 4-nne 15 - Kumi na tano 5-tano 16 - Kumi na sita 6 -Sita 17 - Kumi na saba 7 -Saba 18 - Kumi na nane 8-nane 19 - Kumi na tisa 9-Tisa 20 - Ishirini 10~ kumi 21 - Ishirini na moja22 - Ishirini na mbili 24- Ishirini na nne 26 - Ishirinina sita 28 - Ishirini na nane 29 - Ishirinina tisa 31 - Thelathini na moja 33 - Thelathini na tatu 35 - Thelathini na tano 37-Thelathini na saba 39 - Thelathini na tisa 41 ~ Arobaini na moja 43 - Arobaini na tatu 45 - Arobaini na tano 47 ~ Avobaini na saba 49 - Arobaini na tisa 51 - Hamsini na moja 53 - Hamsini na tatu 55 - Hamsini na tano 57 - Hamsini na saba 59 -Hamsini na tisa 61 - Sitini na moja 63 - Sitini na tatu 65 - Sitini na tano 67 - Sitini nasaba 69 - Sitini na tisa 71 ~ Sabini na moja 73 - Sabini na tatu 75 - Sabini na tano 78 - Sabini na nane 80 - Themanini 82 - Themanini na mbili 84- Themanini na nne 86 - Themanini na sita 88 - Themanini na nane 90 - Tisini 92- Tisini na mbili 94-Tisini na nne 96 - Tisini na sita 98 - Tisini na nane 100 - mia moja 23 -Ishirini na tatu 25 - Ishirini na tano 27 -Ishirini na saba 30 - Thelathini 32 - Thelathini na mbili 34 - Thelathini na nne 36 - Thelathini na sita 38 - Thelathini na nane 40 - Arobaini 42 - Arobaini na mbili 44 - Arobaini na nne 46 - Arobaini na sita 48 - Arobaini na nane 50 - Hamsini 52 - Hamsini na mbili 54-Hamsini nanne 56 - Hamsini na sita 58- Hamsini na nane 60 - Sitini 62- Sitini na mbili 64- Sitini na nne 66 - Sitini na sita 68 - Sitini na nane 70 - Sabini 72 - Sabini na mbili 74 - Sabini nanne 76 - Sabini na sita 79 - Sabini na tisa 81- Themanini moja 83 -Themanini na tatu 85 - Themanini na tano 87- Themanini na saba 89 - Themanini na tisa na moja 97 - Tisini na saba 99 - Tisini na tisaStudy the following examples () 7:00mam Sasa ni saa moja kamili ya asubuhi (i) 7:15am —_Sasanni sa moja na robo ya asubuhi (iil) 7:10am Sasa ni saa moja na dakika kumiya asubuhi (iv) 7:26 am Sasa ni sa moja na dakika ishirin an sita ya asubuhi SF (v) 7:30am Sasa ni sa moja na nusu ya asubuhi (vi) 7:37 am Sasa in saa mbili kasoro dakika ishirini na tatu ya asubuhi (vii) 7:31 am Sasa ni saa mbili kasoro dakika ishirini na tisa ya asubuhi (viii) 7:45am Sasa ni saa mbili kasorobo ya asubuhi Sasa ni saa mbili Write the following time in Kiswahili? a) 5:00am Sasa ni sa kumi na moja kamili ya alfajiri b) 7:06pm Sasa ni saa moja na dakika sita ya usiku ©) 1:15pm _Sasani saa sabana robo ya mchana d) 4:32am Sasa saa kumi na moja kasoro dakika ishirini na mbili ya Asubuhi e) 2:30pm Sasa ni saa nane na nusu ya mchana f) 9:45pm —_ Sasa ni saa nne kasorobo ya usiku g) 3:59pm —_ Sasa ni saa kumi kasoro dakika moja ya Usiku Correction 9:45 am Sasa ni saa nne kasorobo ya asubuhi 3:59pm Sasa ni saa kumi kasoro dakika moja ya jioni CLASSES OF NOUNS IN KISWAHILI {NGELIZA MAJINA ZA KISWAHILD NGELI YA KU ‘THE CLASS OF “KU”) The ku class of nouns is made up of actions which we get from verbs Verb (Kitenzi) Actions (Kitenzi - jina or kitendo) Lala (sleep) Kulala (to sleep/sleeping) Cheza (play) Kucheza (to play /playing) Lima (dig) Kulima (to dig/digging) Kimbia (run) Rifthbia (to run) Simama (stop/stand up) Kusimama Tazama (look at) Kutazama Safisha (clean) KusafishaSumbua (disturb) xEleza (give) « _la(eat- Fa (die) — Ja (come}— “Nywa (drink) Wa (be) __ Ua (kill) Iba (steal) ‘Teremika (go down) 0a (marry) Shuka (come down) ‘Tangaza (announce) «Fanya (do)x Sugua (rub/scrub) Pangusa (wipe off) Piga (hit) xTafsiri (translate) xFasiri (explains ‘Amua (decide) Pasua (split) Panda (climb/slow/plant) Lia (cry) Cheka (laugh) Ota (grow/dream) Chukia (hate) Fundisha (teach) Vaa (dress up) Vua(undress) Pata (get/receive) Sahau (forget) Kumbuka (remember) Zungumza (converse) Subiri (wait) Amika (wake up) ‘Acha (leave/stop) Kaa (sit down) Rudi (come back) Ngoja (wait) Pongeza (congratulate) Kusumbua Kueleza Kula Kufa Kuja Kunywa Kuwa Kuua Kuiba Kuteremka Kuoa Kutangaza a Shes Kutangaza Kusurigua js. f Kupangusa Kupiga Kutafsiri Kufasiri Kuamua Kupasua Kupanda Kulia Kucheka Kuota Kuchukia Kufundisha Kuvaa Kuvua Kupata Kusahau Kukumbuka Kuzungmza Kusubiri Kuamka Kuacha Kukaa Kurudi Kungoja Kupongeza 9Ita (call) Itika (answer call) Ishi (live at) Fagia (sweep) ‘Tengeneza (repair) Salimu (greet) Amkia (greet) Baki (remain) Enda (go) +Andika (write)» Tembea (walk) Endesha (drive) Pika (cook) Saba kofi (slap) Piga (beat) Fyeka (slash) Nyakua (snatch) Peleleza (spie) Vuta (pull) Sukuma (push) Ogelea (swim) Shika (catch) Ruka (fly) Danganya (deceive) xWeka (put) x Cheza mziki (dance) Uma (bite) Saidia (help) ‘Tukana (abuse) Shauri (advise) Pasua (tear) Zika(burry) ‘Omba (beg) Tibu (treat) Tabasamu (smile) Fanya (make) Kata (cut) Vunja (break) Baka (rape) ‘Taka (want) Kuita Kuitika Kuishi Kufagia Kutengeneza Kusalimu Kuamkia Kubaki Kubaki Kuenda Kutembea Kuendesha Kupika Kusaba kofi Kupiga Kufyeka Kunyakua Kupeleleza Kuvuta Kusukuma Kuogelea Kushika Kuruka Kudanganya Kuweka Kucheza mziki Kuma Kusaidia Kutukana Kushauri Kupasua Kuzika Kuomba Kutibu Kutabasamu Kufanya Kukata Kuvunja Kubaka Kutaka 104 S Penda (love) Jenga (build) Gombona (fight) Ona (see) Ongea (talk) Shukuru (appreciate) Omba (pray) Chunga (look after) Inua (raise up) Jaribu (try) Samehe (forgive) Keti (sit) Kamata (seize) Maliza (finish) ‘Tangulia (precede) ‘Tangatanga (wound about) Linda (guard) Poa (cool down) Vuna (harvest) Tahiri (circumcise) Chukua (carry) ‘Tomba(fuck) Peleka (send) Tapika (vomit) Furika (flood) Pima (measure) Haribu (destroy) Fukuza (chase away) Toroka (escape) Achisha (dismiss) Fuata (follow) Uza (sell) Nunua (buy) Ficha (hide) Kopa (borrow) Azima (lend) Fika (reach) . Laghai (tell Sinzia (doze) Imba (sing) Kupenda Kujenga Kugombana Kuona Ku ongea Kushukura Kuomba Kuchunga Kuinua Kujaribu Kusamehe Kuketi Kukamata Kumaliza Kutangulia Kutangatanga Kulinda Kupoa Kuvuna Kutahiri Kuchukua Kutomba Kupeleka Kutapika Kufurika Kupima Kuharibu Kufukuza Kutoroka Kuachisha Kufuata Kuuza Kununua Kuficha Kukopa Kuazima Kufika Kulaghai Kuzinzia Kuimba iLeta (bring) Kuleta Tikisa (shake) 41° Kutikisa Kataza (forbid) Kukataza Abudu (worship) Kuabudu Sikia (hear) Kusikia Sikiliza (listen) Kusikiliza Zaa (produce) Kuzaa Ona (see) Kuona Osha (wash) Ku osha Oga (bathe) Kuoga Punguza (reduce) Kupunguza Teka (collect) Kuteka Sengenya (gossip) Kusengenya ‘THE FORMATIQPOF SENTENCES IN KISWAHILI Pronouns iL Tenses 3 Verbs T-NI na. Present continuous _| andika (Am writing) He/she -A me — present perfect Sikiliza (A me sikiliza) We-Tu /us Ti= past simple teka (We collected) They ~wa oga (They will bathe) You (singular) - u ta- future simple You (plural) - M Examples viwe Clowes 1. Iwill pray - Nita omba be dal 2. Ihave drunk water ~ Ni mekunywa maji Tree 3. I visited grandfather - Nilitembelea babu 4. Anaandika - he is wri ~ s na andika - he is writing ie 5. He taught- ali fundisha ~ ; ee 6. ‘They will kill - wa tau a, ss = hoo 7. Nina kimbia - 1 am running we v oe Exercise (Zoezi) ot a Write any ten sentences in: “~~ (a) Present continuous tense 1. Ninalala 6. Ninaandika Kiswahili 2. Ninaenda 7. Ninakula 3. Nina sikia kelele 8. Nina sikiliza radio UBC 4. Nina pima 9. Ninaoga 5, Ninacheza mziki 10. Ninaosha “ee R one mew an ™ ae paenen: on a w ea yr aie — : \e nee wea wee ed eer” nw{b) Past simple tense 9, Tuli piga makofi teowsa pigarenels 1. Ni Liandika —%) da vmdines 2. Alienda ya migenda* — 10. Uli fundisha Kiswahili hve yn 3. Tulilima Yan hime Tet patho dpa bo 9 me-da # Uliomba dewalt 5, Muli oga Newtien oaye £\— +e 6. Nilisoma ait. : 7. Nilisikiliza radio ya UBC Sim yyy parm OWI 8. Muli uamwanadama yy yay Wn oom (o) Present perfect tense 6a, 1. Nimeandika ¢yew nit 7.Nimesikia $107 2 Umeuawatu aya waver! BUmeliuler War 3. Mumeenda \upiancom de 9. Ame sikiliza 4. Nimesinzia s year 10.Nimepiga Stj> pL f 5. Nimelia §*\* 4 6. Tumelala rawsn Wha: (d) Future simple tense 4. Nitaomba Sider 6. Atalala Hale ta lea nehera » 2. Nitasinia cm ene | 7.Nitasikiliza mziki asin 3. Utachezamziki jmwrmchogm™ 8, Mta piga item paige’ / - 4. Mtaandika Wan pends re 9.Tutasikia pyre ta 5 He" 5, Tutaenda 10.Utapima 44 mpliana . Yeon trendy? hw Wb ume in Mgekee form nie for more | Feand ahijer ab] ap @ Bee of Wit son = Shee SUPA + rule (G 4 fe fu jer ole, + he — If fe : (abe verb) They D pretine Conrans) ~ 5 ; : pals Ge sy +i rv FOG Rahn Macboly - rin pwala~ 5 i —Sisamnst trey 13 - Pet nes un fer ~ Ve , 7} Tawa bala. —lancager. i 7 mat ey = Shas . } Thor 7 itm Ley Ana tok, wae Pra a "Gf Mili ale — . 7 = the on! wena siege Seine.ponasee ei NGELI YA M-WA/ A-WA (The M-Wa/ A-WA class of nouns) This group of nouns contains the names of people, animals;insects and other mammals, In singular form, nouns in this group begin with the letter M or Mw and these letters will change to Wa or W in plural form respectively. Mw - We M . we Umoja (singular) Miu (a person) Mtoto (a child) Mgeni (a visitor) Mgonjwa (a patient) Mis¢hana (a gir!) Mvulana (a boy) Mwalimu (a teacher) Mdua\(an insect) ‘Mnyama (an animal) Mfalme (a king) Mzee (an old person) Mchawi (a witch) Mke (a wife) Mume (a husband) Mwanamke (a woman) Mwana ume (a man) Mchaguzi (a chooser) Mshenzi (uncivilized person) Mwiai (a thief) Muoga (a coward) Msafiri (a traveler) Mpagazi (a porter) Mijane (a widow /widower) ‘Mjomba (an uncle) Mkwe (an in-law) - Muwana (son/daughter) ‘MtulWwa (a slave) Mtumishi (a servant) Mtalii (tourist) Mjumbe (a messenger/representative) Mwanafunzi (a student) Muwanajeshi (army man) Ninala Sila le rlunnerde. $1 enoli NINA SKA eee — 14 Wing (plural) Watu Watoto Wageni Wagonjwa Wasichana Wavulana Walimu Wadudu Wanyama Wafalme Wazee Wachawi Wake Waume Wanawake (women) Wanaume (men) Wachaguzi Washenzi Wezi Waoga (cowards) Wasafiri Wapagazi Wajane Wajomba Wakwe Wana Watumwa Watumishi Watalii (tourists) Wajumbe Wanafunzi Wanajeshi fi fre &® ga 7fraapendo (apie) Muwenyekiti (a chair person) Moro (an escapee) Mkombozi (apattigt}(l-iie« hry) Mjinga (a fool) Mwuguzi (a midwife) Mchinjaji (a butcher) ‘Mwasi (a rebel) ‘Mchungaji (a shepherd/pastor) Msomoji (a reader) Msikilizaji (a listener) Mkazi (a settler) Mkulima (a farmer) ‘Muwindaji (a hunter) Mlevi (a drunkard) ‘Muwungwana (gentleman) Mchezaji (a player) Mhubiri (a preacher) ‘Mbunge (a member of parliament) Mtakatifu (a saint) Mpumbavu (a stupid person) Mtukufu (a honourable) Mkimbizi (a refugee) ‘Mdogo (small) Mheshimiwa (a respected person) Mazazi (a parent) Mbunzi (a blacksmith) Mtazamaji (a viewer) ‘Mgomvi (a quarrel some person) Mpinzani (an oppose) Mvivu (alazy person) Mwanadamu (a person) ‘Mwanasheria (a lawyer) ‘Mwandishi (a writer) ‘Mtangazaji (an announcer) ‘Muwokozi (a savior) Mkcristo (a Christian) Mwislamu (a Muslim) Mzembe(a lazy person) ‘Mganga (a doctor) Mwali (a new married person) 15 wore on do Wenyeviti Watoro : -Wazalendor Wet Wo7/dO2A ‘Wajnga (fools) Wauguzi Wachinjaji Wasi Wachungaji Wasomaji Wasikilizaji Wakazi Wakulima Wawindaji Walevi Waungwana Wachezaji Wahubiri Wabunge Watakatifu Wapumbavu Watukufu Wakimbizi Wadoge Waheshimiwa Wazazi Wahunzi Watazamaji Wagomvi Wapinzani Wavivu Wandamu Wanasheria Wandishi Watangazaji Waokozi Wakristo Waislamu Wazembe Waganga WaaliCocke TUE A mp et) mige pnnrey (seer Mvumbuzi (an explorer) Mnunuzi (a seliety Mwendawazimu (a mad person) Mshenga (an intermediate of marriage) Mkongwe (an old person) Mlinzi (a guard) Mfuasi (a follower) Mwongozi (a guide) ‘Mjanja (a cunning person) Mwanachama (a party member) Mwanauganda (a Ugandan) Muwafrika (an African) we tes ° weeny Wavumbuzi . we! ‘ panes24 Waveajr Waendawazimu Washen; ga Wakongwe Walinzi Wafuasi Waongozi Wajanja Wanach ama Wanauganda Wafrika THE GRAMMATICAL CONNECTION OF M-WA/ A-WA CLASS (2) _Umoja (singular) | Majina (nouns) Vionyeshi Kuwa (tobe) _ | Vivumishi (adjectives) (demonstratives) tu Huyu (this) Ni (is) Mrefu (tall) Mgeni ‘Mfupi (short) Mwana_ "| Yule (thatjorhuyo | Si (is not) Mrembo(beautiful Mwalimu Mkubwa (big) Mganga Mweusi (black) Mristo Muweupe (white) (b)__Wing (plural) Majina Vionyeshi Kuwa Vivumishi [Watu Warefu (tall) | Wageni Hawa (these) ni (are) Wafupi (short) [Wana Si (are not) Warembo(beautiful) Walimu Wale (thoseJor hawo ‘Wakubwa (big) Waganga Weusi (black) Wakristo ‘Weupe (white) | Umoja (singular) Plural (wingi) | Majina (noun) Vimilikish Majina (nouns) | Vimilikish possessives (possessives) Mzazi ‘Wangu (my) Wazazi ‘Wangu (my) Mtoto Wako (your) Watoto Wako (your) Mgonjwa ‘Wake (his/hers) ‘Wagonjwa ‘Wake (his/hers) as Won ag YS the = nh ST ~« Pwr TWhaete~ bid War Baws * onyMganga ‘Wetu (our) Waganga Wetu (our) ‘Wenu (your plural) Wenu (your p) Mchawi Wao (their) Wachawi ‘Wao (their) Umoja (singular) Plural (wingi) Majina (noun) Vimailikish Majina (nouns) | Vimilikish possessives )-a- Motto pigho _|anasoma Watoto ‘wana soma Mu anacheza Watu wa na cheza Msichana analala Wasichana wanalala Mike analima Wake wa na lima Mume anapika Waume ‘wana pika Zoezi Mv -W Andika sentensi Arobaini zozote katika ngeli ya m - wa/ A-WA 1. Mwalimu a na fundisha lugha ya Kiswahili 2. Walimu wan a fundisha lugha ya Kiswahili 3. Mrkristoa na omba 4. Wakristo wan a omba 5. Mwanamke ana pika chakula 6. Wanawake wan a pika vyakula 7. Mwendawazimu a na zaba kofi mtu & — Waendawazimu wana zaba makofi watu 9, Mwindaji ana ua mnyama 10. Wawindaji wana ua wanyama 11. Mwanafuuzi ana cheza mziki 12. Wanafunzi wana cheza miziki 13. Msomaji ana soma kitabu cha lugha ya Kiswahili 14, Wasomaji wana soma vitabu vya lugha ya Kiswahili 15. Mtoto wangu ni mgonjwa 16. Watoto wangu ni wagonjwa 17. Mwandishi ana andika lugha ya Kiswahili 18. Wandishi wana andika lugha ya kishwahili 19. Mgangaa na tibu huyu mgonjwa 20. Waganga wa na tibu hawa wagonjwa 21. Mwoga ana toroka 22, Waoga wana toroka waoga wana toroka 23. Mwasi ana piga Yule mke 24. Wasi wana piga wale wake 25, Mwokozi wetu ali kufa wv26, Waokozi wetu wa li kufa 27, Mbunge wenu ni mgonjwa 28. Wabunge wenu ni mgonjwa 29, Mvulana a na cheza maiki Wavulana wana cheza mizilsi 30. Mjinga alli tapika 31. Wajinga wa li tapika 32. Mgeni wangu ni mrefu 33, Wageni wangu ni warefu 34. Msikilizaji a na sikiliza mziki 35. Wasikilizani wana sikiliza mziki 36. Mchawi wao ali kufa 37. Wachawi wao wa li kufa 38. Mwuzaji ana uza radio 39, Wauzaji wano uza radio THE FOLLOWING NOUNS ALSO BELONG TO THE M - WA GROUP OF NOUNS though they don’t begin whit the letter “M” or “Mw” is singular form neither the letter “W" nor ““Wa’ in plural form, ‘These nouns remain the same both in singular and plural. Examples Umoja Baba (father) Mama (mother) Kaka (brother) Dada (sister) Binamu (a cousin) Binti (daughter) Bin (son) Shangazi (aunt) Ami (uncle Shemeji (an in law) Rafiki (friend) Adui (enemy) Babu (grandfather) Nyanya (grand mother) 18 Wingi Baba Mama Kaka Dada Binamu Bint Bin Shangazi Ami Shemeji Rafiki Adui Babu NyanyaThe above nouns regarding their possessives they take the following Umoj ja ‘Wingi FSET 7 Baba Yangu (my) Baba Mama yako (your) Mama Kaka vyake (his or her) Kaka [Dada Binti vyetu (our) Dada yenuyenu (yours) Binti Shemeji Yao (their) Shemeji 1 AI fa) ©) © @ © (0) &) (h) @ 0 &®) oO (mr Bren. Baim howr >, Zoezi ndika sentensi hizi kwa Kiswahili This is your teacher Mwalimu huyu in wako Thats their girl Mischana Yule ni wao These people are not mine Watu hawa is wangu Those are her sisters Dada wale ni zake This is our good brother Mzuri kaka yetu ni huyu Kaka huyu yetu ni mzuri This is our good student Mwanafunzi huyu wetu in Mzuri My auntis bad Shangazi yangu simauri His visitor is tall Mgeni wake in mrefu This boy is writing Mvulana huyu a na andika These girls are reading ‘Wasichana hawa wana soma The thief is running Mwizi ana kimbia Students are playing Wanafunzi wana cheza Our mothers have gone Mama zetu wa me enda Mama zetu wame enda 19 ~“e Seman rar A lew “yr wom t lola.names of animals’ insects and birds also belong to M - Wa class and they take similar demonstratives, possessives and adjectives. Look at the following examples Umoja (singular) Nyoka (a snake) Nyuki (bee) Ndege (a bird) ‘Samaki (fish) mia (a camel) Ngombe (a cow) Ndume (a bull) Tembo (an elephant) WSO Nguruwe (a pig) Nyati (a buffalo) m0 Nyani (a monkey) Panya (rat) ‘Twiga (a giraffe) Paka (a cat) Fisi (a hyena) Chui (a leopard) Simba (a lion) Kuku (a hen) Mbuzi (a goat) Kondoo (a sheep) Bata (a duck) Mbwa (a dog) Sungura (rabbit) MIFANO (EXAMPLES) 1. Kuku huyu wangu ni mkubwa This hen of mine is big 2. Mbwa Yule wetu ni mweusi ‘That dog of ours is black 3. Paka hawa wenu ni wadogo These cats of yours are small 4. Simba wale ni wakali Those lions are flerce/tough/ dangerous 5. Ndege hawa wao ni weupe ‘These birds of theirs are white Wingi (plural) Nyoka Nyuki Ndege Somaki Ngamia Ngombe Ndume Tembo Nguruwe Nyati Nyani Panya Twiga Paka Fisi Chui simba Kuku Mbuzi Kondoo Bata Mbwa Sungura6. Mbuzi, wangu huyu ni mgonjwa This goat of mine is sick 7. Twigahawa ni warefu These giraffe are tall 8. Ngombe wake huyu ni mweusi This cow of his is dark 9, Kondoo hawa ni wingu These sheep are mine 10. Ndume wangu Yule ni mkubwa That bull of mine is big 11. Paka huyu ali kufa This cat died 12. Bata wake Yule ni mfupi That duck of his is short 13. Ngamia huyu ni mrembo This camel is beautiful 14. Fisi hawa ni waoga These hynas are cowards 15. Tembo wale ni wakubwa These elephants are big 16. Panya hawa in wafupi These rats are short 17. Nyati Yule ni mkali That buffalo is fierce or tough 18. Nyani huyu ni mwoga This monkey isa coward 19, Ndege huyu in ameruka This bird has flown NGELIY A “KI- vr" Nouns in this group are mainly objects. They begin with the prefix Ki o Ch in singular for and in plural form, they begin with Vi or Vy respectively. Mfano (Examples) Umoja (singular) Wingi (plural) Kitu (a thing) Vitu (things) Kitabu (a book) Vitabu (books) Kisu (a knife) Visu (knives) Chumba (a room) Vyumba (rooms) 21Chakula (food) Choo (a latrine) Kitanda (a bed) Kiberiti (a matghbox) Kiffombe (a cup) Kifo (death) Kivuli (a shadow) Kinu (a mortar) Kiko (a smoking pipe) Kioo (a mirrow/glass) Chama (a club/society/party) Kiti (a chair) Kikundi (a group) Kiumbe (a creature) Kiazi (a potato) Kiatu (a shoe) Kikapu (a basket) Kidevu (a chin) Kisiwa (an island) Kibuyu (a calabash) Kiboko (a whip) Kitendawili (a puzzle) Kisigino (a heel) Kifuniko (a cover/lid) Kijitabu (a booklet) Kijito (a little river) Kipele (a pimple) Kinywa (a mouth) Kiwanda (an industry) Kitunguu (an onion) Kichwa (a head) Kitambaa (a piece of cloth) Kiwanja (a play ground) Kiapo (an oath) Kilio (an alarm) Kibanda (a hut) Kidole (a finger) Kidolegumba (a thumb) Kifua (a chest) Kinywaji (a drink) 22 Vyakula (foods) Vyoo (latrines) Vitanda (beds) Viberiti (match boxes) Vikombe (cups) Vifo(deaths) Vivuli shadows) Vinu (mortars) Viko Vioo Vyama Viti Vikundi (groups) Viumbe (creatures) Viazi Viatu (shoes) Vikapu (basket) Videvu (chins) Visiwa (islands) Vibuyu (calabashes) Viboko (whips) Vitendawili (puzzles) Visigino (heels) Vifuniko Vijitabu Vijito Vipele Vinywa Viwanda Vitunguu Vichwa Vitambaa Viwanja Viapo Vilio Vibanda Vidole Vidolegumba Vifua VinywajiKizunguzungu (dizziness) Vizunguzungu Kilele (a peak of Mt) Vilele Kipuli (an ear ring) Vipuli Kiwango (amount/quantity) ‘Viwango Kisa (an event) Visa Chombo (a container/a vessel) Yyombo Kizazi (a generation) Vizazi Kisima (a well) Visima Chuo (a college/university) Vyuo Chuma (a metal) Vyuma Kijiko (a spoon) Vijiko Chungu (a pot) Vyungu Chandalua (a mosquito net) Vyandalua Cheo (a rank) Vyeo Cheti (a certificate) yeti Kipingamizi (a stumbling block) Vipingamizi Kinemba (a clitoris) Vinembe Kimbunga (a typhoon) Vimbunga Demonstratives of Ki- Vi class This - biki That - kile/hicho These > hivi Those - — vile/hivyo Mfano 1. This book : ‘itabu hil 2. That spoon - Kijiko kile 3. These islands - visiwa hivi 4. Those colleges - — Vyuo vile Possessives of Ki- Vi class Umoja (singular) Wingi (plural) Changu (my mine) Vyangu (my + Chake (his/hers) Vyake thie Chetu (our/ours) Vyetu (our/ours) Chao (their/theirs) Vyao (their/theirs) Chenu (your/yours plural) Vyenu (your/yours) Chako (your/yours singular) 23 Yyako (yours singular)Mfano 1. My book it 2. Yoru village Kiljichako 3. Ourschools — - Viatu vyetu 4. Our spoons Viliko vyet 5. Their colleges Yyuo vyao 6. My spoons Viliko vyangu ive = Umoja Wing Kizuri (good) Vizuri (good) Vibaya (bad) Virefu (tall/long) Kifupi (short) Vifupi (short) Kikubwa (big) Vikubwa (big) Kidogo (small) ‘Vidogo (small) Kizee (old) Vizee (old) Cheupe (while) Vyeupe (white) Chekundu (red) Vyekundu (red) Cheutsi(black) Vyeusi (black) MIFANO 1. Agood finger 2. Their black books a 3. This is your old pot Or Chungu hiki chenu ni kizee q i - Vi Umoja Wingi Ki- Vi: Ch. vy- 24Chuma Cla Merri Uy bale Aver Vgtirmer Wa va deen Ul be be wer Mfano Anditka sentensi hizi kwa wingi 1. Kitabu kimeanguka Vitabu vime anguka 2. Kisu cha mwanafunzi Visu vya wanafunzi 3. Kitambaa changsakimepotea 4, Kichwa kinaniuma 5. Kiatu chako kimeraruka fiatu vyako vimeraruk: 6. Chandalua hiki si kirefu ivi si vires ‘Vitiji vvetu ni vikubwa 8 Chuo chao ni cha_— mwalimu Yyuo ___vyao_ni__vya__walimu_ 9, Chumba chetu si kidogo Vyumba_vyetu_si___vidogo 10. Kitana change . ni kipya (THE M- MI CLASS OF NOUNS) ‘This group of nouns has those nouns that begin with the letters "M or Mw” in singular an Mi in plural form. Mifano Umoja Singular Wingi plural Mwaka (a year) Miaka (years) Mchezo (a game/play) Michezo (games) Mlima (a mountain) ‘Mili (mountains) ‘Msha hara (salary/wage) Mishahara (wages/salaries) Mshipi (a belt) Mishipi (belts) Mti (a tree) Miti (trees) Mkate (a lot of bread) ‘Mikate (leaves of bread) i ‘Mkono (an arm) Mikono (arms) : ‘Mguu (a leg) Miguu (legs) 25Mfuko (a bag) Mifuko (bags) Muwanzo (a beginning) ‘Mianzo (beginnings) Muwisho (ean ending) Miisho (endingis) Mchanganyiko (a mixture) Michanganyiko (mixtures) ‘Mhgo (a cassava plant) ‘Mihogo (cassava plants) Mpapai (a paw paw plant) ‘Mipapai (paw paws plants) Mshale (an arrow) Mishale (arrows) Mkuki (a spear) ‘Mikuki (spears) Mpaka (a boundary) Mipaka (boundaries) ‘Msaada (a help) Misaada (help) Mfupa (a bone) ‘Mifupa (bones) Mkia (a tail) Mikia (tails) Mlingoti (a mast) ‘Milingoti (masts) Mto (ariver) Mito (rivers) Msumeno (a saw) ‘Misumeno (saws) ‘Mtego (a trap) Mitego (traps) ‘Muwa (a sugar cane) Miuwa (sugar canes) ‘Mswaki (a tooth brush) Miswaki (tooth pastes) ‘Mshumaa (a candle) ‘Mishumaa (candles) Mshipa (a blood vessels) ‘Mishipa (blood vessels) Mzinga (a swarm of bees) ‘Mizinga (swarms of bees) Mhindi (a maize plant) Mihindi (maize plants) ‘Msumari (a nail) Misumari (nails) Mtambo (an engine) ‘Mitambo (engines) Mzigo (a luggage) Mizigo (luggage) Mstari (a line) Mistari (lines) Mlio (a cry) Migomba (cries) ‘Mgomba (a banana plant) Migomba (banana plants) ‘Mkebe (a tin) Mikebe (tins) Mii (a town) ‘Miji (towns) Moyo (heat) Mioyo Weev® Mkeka (a mat) ‘Mikeka (mats) ‘Mchungwa ( an orange) Michungwa (oranges) Mtumbwi (a canoe) Mitumbwi (canoes) Mdomo (a lip of mouth) Midomo (lips of mouth) Mlango (a door/way) ‘Milango (doors/ways) Mzizi (a root) Mizizi (roots) Mtungi (a jerrycan) ‘Mitungi (jerrycans) Mpunga (a rice plant) ‘Mipunga (rice plants) Mwanzi (a bamboo plant) Mianzi (bamboo plants) 26Mwavuli (an umbrella) Mwiba (a thorn) Mto (a pillow/a caushion) Msitu (a forest) Muwembe (a mango tree) Mwamba (a rock) Muli (a body) Muujiza (a miracle) Mpango (a plan) Mchango (a contribution) Mchafuko (a riot) Mzozo (a conflict) Mfano (an example) Msikiti (mosque) Mdundo (a booming sound) Moshi (smoke) Mnofu (muscle) Msafara (a caravan) Mkahawa (an inn/hotel) ‘Mgawanyiko (a division) ‘Mnazi (a plam tree) Mlo (a diet) Mkongoja (a walking stick) Mzaha (a joke) Mtaa (a ward/a cell) Mrioo (a taboo) Mgomo (a strike) Mwanga (light) Mche (a seedling) Mwonzi (a ray of light) Mwitu (wildness) ‘Msimamo (a stand) Mtalimbo (a crowbar) Mwendo (journey) Mchanga (sand) Msururu (line) ‘Mzungu (a process) Mgongo (back of the body) ‘Mkungu (a bunch of banana) ‘Mzoga (a carcass) Miavuli (umbrella) Miiba (thorns) Mito (pillow/coshions) Misitu (forests) Miembe (mango trees) smbe (rocks) Milli (bodies) ‘Mjuujiza (miracles) Mipango (plans) Michango (contributions) Michafuko (riots) Mizozo (conflicts) Mifano (examples) Misikiti (mosques) Midundo (booming sounds) Mioshi (smokes) ‘Minofu (muscles) Misafara (caravans) Mikahawa (inns/hotels) Migawanyiko (divisions) Minazi (palm trees) Milo (diets) ‘Mikongoja (walking sticks) Mizaha (Jokes) idloo'PWards /cells) atu i ‘aboos) MAABzBerikes) Mianga (lights) Miche (lights) Mionzi (rays of light) Miitu (wildness) Misimamo (stands) Mitalimbo (crow bars) ‘Miendo (journey) Michanga (sands) Misururu (lines) Mizungu (processes) Migong (backs of the body) Mikungu (bunches of banana) Mizoga (carcasses) 7koba (a handbag) ‘Mikoba (hand bags) 2 Shaking) Mitetemeko (shaking) Msingi (a foundation) Misingi (foundations) Msimu (a comparision) Milingano (comparisions) Msimu (a season) Misimu (seasons) Mmonyoko (an erosion) Mimonyoko (erosions) Mnanasi (a pineaaple plant) Minanasi (pineapple plants) Mijusi (a lizard) ‘Mijusi (lizards) Mradi (a project) Miradi (projects) Demonstratives of M - Mi/U-i- class This * huw These 7 hii That - ule /huo Those . ile/hiyo Possessives of M - Mi class Umoja Wingi Wangu yangu (my/mine) Wake yake (his/her) Wenu yenu (your/yours) Wetu yetu (our) Wako yako (yours) Wao yao (theirs/their) Adjectives of M - mi class Umoja Wingi Mzuri Mizuri (good) Mbaya ‘Mibaya (bad) Mrefu Mirrefu (tall) M fupi ‘Mifupi (short) Mkubwa Mikubwa M.dogo (small) Midogo (smal!) M tamu (sweet) Mitamu (sweet) Mzee Mizee (old) Mweupe ‘Mieupe (white) Mweusi Mieusi (black) Mu ekundu (red) ‘Mi ekundi (red) 28: tm=mi iwakilishi Umoja wingi u 1 Mifano (Examples) Mti umeanguka (singular) Miti imeanguka (plrural) More examples 5 hizi , 1, Mii hu soni mrefu 2. Mzigo huu ni wangu A il 3. Mto wake umepotea Mito ___yake _imepotea 4. Mwavuli ule ni mehafu iavuli_il A 5, Mfuko wako umeanguka kwa kitanda —cheusi fu a ; : NGELI YA N- OR NGELI YA I- ZI- Nouns in this group remain the same both in singular and plural form Umoja Wingi Nyumba (a house/home) Nyumba Njugu (a grand nut) Njugu Ngoma (a drum/music) Ngoma Nyama (meat) Nyama Njia (a way/path) Njja Chupa (a bottle) Chupa Nyota (a star) Nyota Nchi (a country) Nehi Nyundo (a hummer) Nyundo Nguo (a cloth) Nguo Njaa (hunger/famine) Njaa Ndoto (a dream) Ndoto 29Ndoa (marriage) Ndoa aa (a lamp) Taa Kamusi (a dictionary) Kamusi Damu (blood) Damu Chumvi(salt) Chumvi Sukari (sugar) Sukari imbi (a whistle) Firimbi Siri (a secret) Siri Bahari (an ocean) Bahari Pamba (cotton) Pemba Pombe (beer/alcohol) Pombe Sahani (plate) Sahani Meza (a table) Meza Asari (honey) Asari Risasi (a bullet) Risasi Dira (a compass) Dira Desturi (a custom) Desturi Homa (a fever) Homa Huzuni (sorrow) Huzuni Barua (a letter) Barua Fimbo (a stick) Fimbo Salamu (a greeting) Salamu Mbegu (a seed) Mbegu Kalamu (pen/pencil) Kalamu Karatasi (a paper) Karatasi Pesa (money) Pesa Kamba (a rope) Kamba Safari (a journey) Safari Siku (a day) Siku Hatua (a stride/a step Hatua Hadithi (a story) Hadith Faida (a profit) Faida Elimu (education) Elimu Bunduki (a gun) Bunduki Sufuria (a sauce pan) Sufuria Bendera (a flag) Bendera Arusi (a wedding) Arusi Furaha (a joy/happiness) Furaha Lugha (language) Lugha Hukumu (a judgment) Hukumu 30Bahati (fortune/luck) Kufuli (a padlock) Likizo (a holiday) Maana (meaning) Meli (a ship) Mvi (a grey hair) Pembe (a horn) Roho (a soul) Serikali (a government) Mate (saliva) Kuma (a vagina) Mboo (a penis) Suruali (a trouser) Amri (an order) Chuki (hatred) Kodi (a tax) Kazi (a work) ‘Adabu (manner) Adhabu (a punishment) Bei (a price) Birika (a kettle) Bibilia (a bible) Helufi (a letter) Fedha (money) Hotuba (a speech) Wiki (a week) Eropleni (aeroplane) Baiskeli (a bicycle) Redio (a radio) Picha (a photo la picture) Shati (a shirt) Filamu (a film) Koti (a court/coat) Tamthilia (a play) Televisheri (atv) Bahati Kufuli Likizo Maana Meli Mvi Pembe Roho Serikali Mate Kuma Mboo Suruali Amri Chuki Kodi Kazi ‘Adabu Adhabu Bei Birika Bibilia Heluf Fedha Hotuba Wiki Eropleni Baiskeli Redio Picha Shati Filamu Koti Tamthilia ‘Televisheni 31UPATANISHO WA KISARUFI WA NGELI YAN ORI-ZI {GRAMMATICAL CONNECTION OF NOR I-ZI) Demonstratives of N - class (Vionyeshi ya ngeli ya N-) L This hit 3. That ile or hiyo 2. These - igi 4. Those Zile or hizo MIFANO. 1. This house 4. That letter N 7 Barut ‘These bottle 4. Those secrets 5. These marriages 6. This film Ndoa ile filamu hij N Ndoa hizi - these marriages Possessive of N - class (Vimilikishi vya ngeliya N.) Umoja Yangu Langu (my) Yake Lake (his/her) Yako Zako (your) Yao Zao (theirs) Yetu Zetu (ours) Yenu Zenu (yours) Mifano . My house Nyumba yangu Our dictionaries Kamusi yetu His blood Damu yake Your bottle Chupa yako Their money Fedhazao x 2 a s 32Nzuri (good) ‘Mbaya (bad) Ndogo (small) Kubwa (big) Fupi (short) ‘Ndefu (tall /long) Nzee (old) Kuu (old) Nyeusi (black) ‘Nyeupe (white) Nyekundu (red) Nyembamba (slender) Nyingine (other/another) Nzito (heavy) Ngumu (hard) Mifano 1. This isa good house Nyumba hii 2. That is your black paper 3. These are her big letters Helufi hizi zake in kubwa 4, Those are their red pens Kalamu zile zao ni nyekundu This is your old house Wingi Nzuri (good ‘Mbaya (bad) Ndogo (small) Kubwa (big) Fupi (short) Ndefu Neee (old) Kuu (old) Nyeusi (black) Nyeupe (white) Nyekunda (red) Nyembamba Nyingine Naito Ngumu Pronouns of N - class (Viwakilishi vya ngeli ya N-) Umoja I Mifano 1. Nyumba imeanguka. (The house has fallen) (umoja) 2. Nyumba zimeanguka (The houses have fallen) (wingi)NGELIYA MA- OR NGELI YA LI-YA Nouns in this group begin with any letter in their singular form and begin with lette “Ma” in their plural form, Study the following examples carefully Umoja Somo (subject) Jina (a name) Kosa (a mistake) Jibu (an answer) Ua (a flower Godoro (a mattress) Gunia (a sack) Wazo (a thought) Soko (a market) Jani (a leaf) Zoezi (an exercise) Tofali (a brick) Badiliko (a change) Bakuli (a bowl) Vuno (a harvest) Bati (an iron sheets) Sanduked{ a box) Jenezaa coffin) Kaburi (a grave) Jambo (affair) Bega (shoulder) Juma (a week) Tope (mud) Titi (breast) Bonde (a valley) Tangazo ((an announcement) Kelele (noise) Kofi (a palm of hand) Swali (a question) Kusudi (an aim) Jimbo (a region/province) Tendo (an act) Tundu (a hole) Shamba (a plantation) Wingi Masomo Majina Makosa Majibu Maua (flowers) Magodoro (mattresses) Magunia ( sacks) ‘Mawazo (thoughts) ‘Masgko markets) ‘Majani (leaves) Mazoezi exercises) Matofali (bricks) Mabadiliko (changes) Mabakuli (bowls) Mavuno (harvest) Mabati (iron sheets) Masanduley(boxes) Majeneza (coffins) Makaburi (graves) Mambo (affairs) ‘Mabega (shoulders) ‘Majuma (weeks) ‘Matope (mud) Matiti (breasts) Mabonde (valleys) ‘Matangazo (announcements) Makelele (noise) Makofi (palms of hand) Maswali (questions) Makusidi (aims) Majimbo (provinces) Matendo (acts Matundu (holes) Mashamba (plantations) 34tye ‘@Burudumil(a wheel /tipe} Yai (an ega) ‘Chungwa (an orange fruit) Debe{a tin) Kapu (a basket) Taifa (a nation) Jino (a tooth) Goti (a knee) Fungu (a unit) Jicho (an eye) Elfu (a thousand) Mia (a hundreds) Dirisha (a window) Kabati (a cupboard) Embe (a mango fruit) Deni (a debt) Jembe (a hoe) Jiwe (a stone) Gazeti (a newspaper) Neno (a word) Tatizo (a problem) Gari (a vehicle) Duka (a shop) Shoka (axe) Figo ( (a kidney) Ganda (a husk) Kanisa (a church) Nanasi (a pineapple) Sikio (an ear) Shimo {a pit) Tunda (a fruit) Tokeo (a result) Vazi (a cloth) Limau (a lemon) Tusi (a abuse) Ini (a liver) Tako (a buttock) Jangwa (a dessert) Ziwa (a lake/breast) Shirika (a company/a department) Ow Mukekotn OT , Magurundumu (tyres/wheels) Mayai (eggs) Machungwa (orange fruits) Madebe (tins) Makapu (baskets) Mataifa (nations) Majiner(teeth) RLLno - Magoti (knees) ‘Mafungu (units) Majicho (eyes) Macho - Maelifu (thousands) Mamia (hundreds) Madirisha (windows) Makabati Maembe Madeni Majembe Mawe Magazeti Maneno Matatizo ‘Magari Maduka ‘Mashoka Mafigo ‘Maganda Makanisa Mananasi Masikio Mashimo Matunda Matokeo Mavazi Malimau L C&P rizincee oe fu Mashirika 35Sinia (a tray) Bunge (a parliament) Daraja (a bridge) Fundisho (a lesson) Hangaiko (an anxiety) A ce richab Masinia Mabunge Madaraja mafundisho mahangaiko UPATANISHO WA KISARUFI WA NGELIYA MA OR LI-YA (THE GRAMMATICAL CONNECTION OF MA OR LI-YA CLASS) Vionyeshi Vya ngeli yo ma (Demonstratives of ma - class This - bili, That - Ui Vimilikishi vya ngeli ya ma Umoja Langu Lako Lao Letu Lenu Lake Vivumishi vya ngeli ya ma - Umoja Zuri Baya Kubwa Dogo jena. Redo Fupi Refu Zee Jeupe —— Ubpe Jeusi — Plas — Rembo ~~ loeanhfo/ Jekundu — Jingine (another) Lote (all/whole) Zito bay “joes Medofuts begs a1 Se SN These - Those - haya yale/hayo (possessives of ma class) yangu wing yako yao yetu yenu yake fo ( le (ie hivon ne wuorrs : weet Magar weed kia! na pet! (Adjectives of ma - class) ba wajecn Tynes Wingi Mauri Mabaya Makubwa Madogo Mekundu Mafupi Marefu Mazee Meupe Meusi Marembo Mekundu Mengine Yote Mazito * —[ Orn nets 2a weViwakilishi vya ngeli yama- (Pronouns of ma-class) Umoja: ali lime anguka Wingi: Mayaiyame anguka ZOEZI Some sentensi zifuatozo kisha uziandike katika wingi: 1. Jiwe hili ni dogo sana Mawe haya ni madogo suna 2. Swali lako ni gumu kweli Maswali yako ni magumu kweli 3, Sikio lakedmkubwa Masikio yake ni makubwa 4. Valile linapendeza sana Maua yale yanapendeza sana 5. Yali limeliwa na nyoka Mayai yameliwa na nyoka 6. Jambo hili si zuri Mambo haya si mazuri 7. Jani limeanguka chini Majani yameanguka chini 8. Zoezi hilina rahisi Mazoezi haya ni rahisi 9. Neon moja litatosha Maneno mingi yatatosha 10. Daraja limebomoka Madaraja yamebomoka a711. Shamba lao si refu Mashamba yoa si marefu 12. Gezeti hili nilijana Magezeti haya ni ya jana 13. Godoro letu lime chafuka Magodoro yetu yamechafuka 14. Vazi lake ni safi Mavazi yake in masafi 15. Jembe lenu limepotea Majembe yenu yamepotea Corrections 1. _ Jiwe hili ni dogo sana Mawe haya ni madogo sana 2. Ualile linapendeza sana Maua yale yanapendeza sana 3. Jambo hili si zuri Mambo haya si mazuri 4. Gazeti hili ni li jana Magazeti haya ni ya jana ZOEZI Andika sentensi hizi kwa Kiswahili ()_ This is our old teacher Mwalimu mzee huyu ni wetu ~ (ii) These are his black books. Vitabu vyeusi vile ni vyake 38ai: (iii) Those are my red flowers Maua mekundu hayo ni yangu (iv) That is her big man Mwanaume mkubwa Yule in wake (v) This is your old tree Mti mzee huu ni wako (vi) These are their small mattresses Magodoro madogo haya ni yao (vii) Those are our tall banana plant migomba mirefu ile in yako (viii) This is our heavy meat Nyama nzito hii in yetu (ix) These are my white mangoes Maembe meupe haya ni yangu (%) This is your bad drinking Kunywa huku kubaya ni kwako Corrections (i) These are his black books Vitabu hivi vyake in vyeusi (ii) Those are our tall banana plants Migomba yetu ile in mirefu (ili) This is our heavy meat Nyama hii yetu ni nzito (iv) This is your bad drinking Kunywa kwako huku ni kubaya Zoezi Andika sentensi hizi kwa wingi () Mtu huyu wake mrembea me lala Watu hawa wake warembo wa me lala (ii) Zoezi hili la mwalimu ni gumu sana Mazoezi haya ya walimu ni magumu sana (iii) Ndoo ya msichana huyu ime potea Ndoo za wasichana hawa zimepotea (iv) Kiti cha mtoto wako in cheusi Viti vya watoto wako ni vyeusi (vy) Mwavuli wa mke wangu ume raruka Miavuli ya wake wangu ime raruka 39PRONOUNS OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF NOUNS () M-wa- — msichana wa~ Wasichana wa- (ii), Ki-vi Kitt cha~ Viti vya (iit) Ku- kucheza wa. (iv) M-mi (v) N- (vi) Ma = Swali la~ - Maswali ya Andika sentensi hizi kwa wingi () Mti = wa mizabibu Miti___ya__mizabibi (ii) Jina la. shaitani ‘Majina ya shaitani (iii) Kusoma kwa musa Kusoma_kwa__musa (iv) Ngazi, ya — mwashi : : Ngeli ya-u Nouns in this group start with the letter “U" and they have no plural form Others in this group begin with letter “W” which is pronounced as “U” and they also have no plural form. Most of the nouns in this group are abstract. Study the following examples carefully; Uhuru (independence/freedom) Ugali (posho) Uwongo (falsehood) Uji (porridge) Uvivu (laziness) Umeme (electricity) Uvuvi (fishing) Upesi (quickness) Umaskini (poverty) Ulevi (drunkardness) Ustawi (prosperity) Uchawi (witchcraft) 40Ujinga (foolishness) Uto (cooking oil) Uzima (maturity/wellness) Ushindi (victory) Utamaduni (culture) Upana (width) Umoja (unity/singular) Usafi (cleanliness) Uzuri (goodness) Uchafu (dirt) Urefu (tallness/length) Ujuzi (knowledge /experiences) Upotovu (extravagance) Umri (age) Urembo (beauty) Utajiri (wealth) Uskiu (right) Usura AS hw 4 Ujamaa Ujana Utoto Ustaarabu Uchaguzi Uchi © Usawa Ukimwi Ulimwengu Ukarimu Ukaidi Ukorofi Uhaini Unafiki Usulama Uzunzi Umalaya Upweke Uzoefu Ukahaba Wingi Wokovu Unene (fatness) Umande (dew) Ukoloni (colonialisation) Ubaguzi (segregation) Udongo (soil) Utafiti (research) Umma (public) Utangazaji (News broadcasting publicity) Utii (obedience) Uti (backbone) ‘UKuu (old age) Upumbavu (stupidity) Ukulima (farming) Ukakamavu (steadiness) Uchovu (tiredness) Ubora (excelency) (tax rent/custom duty) (brotherhood) (Youth age) (childhood) (civilization) (election) (nakedness) (equality) (HIV/AIDS) (world) (generosity) (stubbornness) (brutality) (treachery) (hypocrisy) (safety /peace) (adultery) (prostitution) (too loneliness) (familiarity) (prostitution) (plerity/abudance) (salvation) aUwensi (blackness) Uweupe (whiteness) Uwekundu (redness) Wima (uprightness) Wizi (thefty) Wastani (average) Ubikira (virginity) Wasiwasi (unrestlessness) Uwoga (cowardice) Wema (goodness) Werevu (cleverness) Demonstratives of U- class This - — huu That - ule or huo P i i Wangu (my) Wako (yours) Wenu (theirs) Wetu (ours) Wake (his/hers) Adjectives of ngeli yaU Mauri Mbaya Mdogo Mweusi Mweupe Mwekundu Mrembo Pronouns of ngeli yau u Mifano 1. Ugeli ume za 2. Unga ume mwagika 3. Uwakovu una pendeza 4. Usawa wna hitajika 42Zoezi 1. Unga ule simdogo That posho is not small 2. Upweke huu ni mbaya sana This loneliness is very bad 3. Uzembe ni hatari Foolishness is dangerous 4. Ulevi wako umetuchosha sana We are tired of your drunkardness 5. Usalama wetu unalindwa na wanajeshi 0 . ‘ 6. Umoja wao unawasaidid kupata ir unity hel NGEELl ya U-N Nouns in this group begins with the prefix “U” or "W” before a vowel In their plural form, some of these nouns, “U” or “W" changes to “Ny” 43Mifano Umoja Uzi (a thread) Ua (a compound) Uma (a fork) Uta (a bow) Uso (a face) Ulimi (a tongue) Ufa (a crack) nae - Wavu (anet) Wayo (a foot) Wakati (a period) Wembe (a razor blade) Wimbo (a song) Ufagio (a broom) Ufunguo (a key) Ubao (a blackboard) Ubavu (a rib) Ukuta (a wall) Ukurasa (a page) Ukanda (a belt) Upande (a side/direction) Uwingu (a sky) Upepo (wild/splint/a ghost) Utambi (a wick) Ushanga (a bread) Upanga (a sword) Ukuni (a piece of firewood) Ufalme (a kingdom) Ukwato (a hoof) Ubeti (a stanza) Ukumbi (a hall) Wingi Nyuzi (threads) Nyua (compounds) Nyuma (forks) Nyuta (bows) Nyuso (faces) Ndimi (tongues) Ngufa (cracks) Zavu (nets) Ngayo (feet) Nyakati Nyembe Nyimbo Fagio (brooms) Fungo (keys) Mbao (blackboards) Mbavu (ribs) Kuta (walls) Kurasa (pages) Kanda (belts) Pande (sides/dictionariese) Mbingu (skies) Pepo (winds/spirits Tambi (wicks) Shanga (breads) Panga (swords) Kuni (pieces of firewood) Falme (kingdoms) Kwato (hooves) Beti (stanzas) Kumbi (halls)GRAMMATICAL CONNECTION OF NGELLYA U-N (a) Umoja majina vimilikishi vionyeshi kuwa vivumishi mzuri (good) lim wangu (my) hhuu (this) ni (is) madogo (small) ufagio ‘wako (yours) direfu (tall long) uzi ‘wake (his/her) ule/huo i (is not) mehafu (dirty) uso ‘wetu (our) (that) mweusi (black) ufunguo ‘wenu (your) mweupe (white) wao (theirs) () Wingi majina vimilikishi | vionyeshi kuwa vivamishi ndimi zangu (my) uri (good) Tagio zako (yours) _| hizi (these) ni (are) ndogo (small) nyuzi zake (his/her) ndefu (long) nyuso zetu (our) zile/hizo si (are) chafu (dirty) funguo zenu (yours) | (those) (hot) myeusi (black) za0 (theirs) nyeupe (white) 45Andika sentensi hizi kwa wingi 1, Uma huu ni wa mwanamka yule Nyuma hizi ni za wanawake wale 2. Ukuta wa nyumba yake ni mrefu sana Kuta za nyumba zake ni ndefu sana 3. Ufagio wangu huu ni mpya Fagio zangu hizi ni mpya 4. Wimbo wa taifa una pendeza sana Nyimba za taifa zina pendeza sana 5. Ufunguo ule ni mdogo Funguo zile ni ndogo 6. Ukurasa wa kitabu chao ni mchafu Kurasa za vitabu vyao ni chafu 7. Ubeti wa shairi hili ni mzuri Beti za taa zetu si fupi 8. Utambi wa shairi hili ni mzuri ‘Tambi za ta zetu si fupi 9. Kijana huyu ana ulimi mwekunda Vijana hawa wana ndimi nyekunda 10. Upande huu wa barabara si mzuri Pande hizi za barabara si nzuri 11. Ukumbj ule ni mkubwa sana Kumbi zile ni kubwa sana 12. Ame nunua wembe moja Wamenunua nyembe nyingi 13. Uta wangu ni mgumu Nyuta zangu ni ngumu 14. Ukanda huu ni mpana Kanda hizi ni pana 15. Ushanga wako ni mweusi Shanga zako ni nyeusi 46Ngeli Ya U- Ma/U-YA- Nouns in this group begin with the prefix “U” in singular prefix “Ma” in plural form ‘There are not many nouns in this group Study the following examples carefully and try to add on the list more nouns and their plural forms Mifano Umoja Wingi Ugonjwa (sickness) ‘Magonjwa (sickness) Ugomwi (a quarrel) Magomvi (quarrel) Ulaji (a diet/meal) ‘Malaji (diet/meals) Uovu (evil deed) Maovu (evil deeds) Upatanisho wa Kisarufi wa Ngeli ya U- Ma {a)_Umoja Majina Viyonyeshi Kuwa Vivumishi ugonjwa hhuu (this) ni (is) mbaya (bad) ugomvi ule (tha mkubwa (big) si (is not) mweusi (black) (b)_ Wingt Majina Viyonyeshi Kuwa Vivumishi magonjwa haya (these) ni (are) mabaya magomvi yale/hayo (those) __| si(are not) ‘Makubuwa or meusi (©)_Umoja Viyonyeshi Kuwa Vivumishi ugomvi ‘wangu magonjwa yangu ugonjwa ‘wako magomvi yako uovu wake maova vyake ugomvi wetu yetu (a)_Umoja Majina Viyonyeshi Kuwa Vivumishi ‘ugonjwa “umetibiwa magonjwa ya metibiwa ugonjwa umekomeshwa magamvi ya me komeshwa ugomvi umesahaulika maovu malaji__| yame sahaulita a7Zoezi Soma sentensi hizi na kasha uziandike katika 1. Ugonjwa huu wa UKIMWI ume zagaa mahali pote ulimwenguni Magonjwa haya ya UKIMWI yame zagaa mahali pote yali manguni 2. Ugomvi wake wa kila siku u me tuchosha Magomvi yake ya ya me tuchosha 3. Uovu wao mbaya hatutausahau maishani mwetu Maovu yao mabayo hatutayasahau maishani 4. Ulaji wa mtu maskini si mzuri Malaji ya watu maskini si mazuri 5. Acha uovu lako! ‘Acha maovu yako or Acheni maovu yenu! Ngeli Ya PA: This group of nouns marks the tenth group of Kiswahili nouns which have been identified and discussed. This group is quietly unique because the whole noun group contains only one noun ‘That only noun is “Pahali” or “Mahali” Oth of these two words mean the same thing and it is “place” or “places” For convenience, the learner may keep to the second alternative word for place or places that is “Mahali” for daily use. This noun group is unique again compared to the rest of the noun groups seen previously because the prefix “Pa” which determines the name of this noun group does not apply to the singular or plural forms of the noun “Mahali” but the prefix “Pa” is a concord or an agreement to the words like adjectives, numbers, possessives and demonstratives used with it to refer toa known place, Otherwise, to refer to unknown place or inside place, use the prefixes “Ku” and “Mu” respectively.To illustrate the use of the place prefixes Pa, Ku, and M - study the following table carefully: Viambishi Vionyeshi___| Vivumish Vimilikishi Pa (definite Hapa (here) | Pazuri (good) _ | Pangu (my) position) Pabaya(bad) _| Pako (your) Pabali Pale (there) | Padogo (small) _| Bake (his/her) (mahali) Penu (your) Petu (our) Pao (their) Pahali Ku (indefinite) [Huku (here) | Kuzuri (good) | Kwangu (my) (Mahali) position Kule (there) | Kubaya(bad) | Kwako (your) Kudogo (small) | Kwake (his/her) Kwenu (your) ‘Kwao (their) Kwetu (our) Pahali/Mahali | M- (inside Humu (here) | Mzuri (good) | Mwangu (my) position) Mle (there) | Mbaya(bad) | Mwako (your) Mdogo (small) | Mwako (his/her) ‘Muwetu (our) Mwenu (your) Mwao (their) 49au 32 Jens - MSc re bom aan ~ tan eye - 7 ley — kacute te - wile Jorge ~ WIQEAE erry ~ MIME Fungula 3- Unit 3 3:0 KUAMURU (GIVING COMMANDS AND ORDERS) GIVING COMMAND TO ONE Giving a command or order to one person, simply use the verb by pronouncing it with an authoritaive voice tothe person concemed. To give a command or order in negative form, you insert the infix “si between the secood person singular subject prefix" and the verb whose final "a should be changed “e', Other verbs which don't end with “a” retain their final vowel ending. Positive Command Negative Command Positive Command Negative Command Order ‘Order Order L Kimbia! (Run) Usikimbie (Don’t ren) 18. Sikial 2 Somal Usisome 19. Vaal 3. Tezamat Usitazame 20, Vata 4 Fagia! Usifagic 21. Nyang'anyal 3. Fanyal Usifanye 22. Teageneaal Usitengeneze 6 Sema ‘Usiseme 23. Andikal Usiandike 7 Safisha! ‘Usafishe 24, Fuatal Usifuate 8. Jaribu Usijariba, 25. Pangusa! Usipanguse 9. Fikiri! Usifikiri (726. Sukuma! ‘Usisukume 10, Fua! Usifue 27. Panda! Usipande 1. Lima! Usilime 28, Simazsat Usisimame 12. Kamatat Usikamate 29. Keti! Usiketi 3. Vanja Usivunje 30. Toroka Usitoroke 14, Pikal Usipike 31. Kula! Usile 15. Tema! Usiteme 32. Kufal Usife 16. Meza! Usimeze 33. Kunywat Usinywe 17 Tikisat Usitikise 34, Njoo! Usije 35. Nenda Usiende GIVING COMMAND TO SEVERAL Giving command to more than one person: : ‘This involves adding the suffix "-ni” tothe verb stem to imply plurality. When this “-ni"is attached to the verb, the fina “a” ofthe verb end changes to ‘eto make a negative command to more than one person "si is inserted between “m-”, the persona subject prefix forthe second person plural, and the verb stem which should have its final “a” changed to “e” if it ends with it. Positive Command ‘Negative Command Positive Command Negative Command to Many People to Many People toMaay People wo Many People 1. Kimbieinit Maikimbie 7. Salisheai! Maisafishe {Run all of you) (Don’t run alll of you) 8. Jaribuni! Msijaniba_ 2. Somenit Maisome 9. Fikrai Maifiln 3. Tazameai! Msitazame 10. Fuesi! Maifue 4 Fagieni! Msifagie 11. Limeait Mailime 3. Faayeni! Msifanye 12. Kamatea! Mkamate © Semeni! Msiseme 13. Vunjenit Maivune pire - Prmimd - mdi pie 50 MY BOM Cher - egeni haga3 330 14, Pikeail! Msipike 26. Sukumeni! Msisukume 15. Temenit Meiteme 27. Pandeni! Msipande 16. Mezeni! Msimeze 28. Simameni! Msisimame 17. Tikiseni Msitikise 29. Ketini ! Msiketi 18. Sikieni! Maisikie 30. Torokeni! Msitorake 19. Vaeni! Msivae 31. Kuleni! Msile 20. Vatenit Msivate 32. Kufeni! Msife 21. Nyang’anyeni! ‘Msinyang’ any 33. Kunyweni! Meinywe 22. Tengenezenil Msitengeneze — * 34. Njoonit Msije 3. Andikeni! Msiandike 35. Nendeni! Msiende 24, Fuatenit “Msifuate 25. Pangusenil Msipanguse NB: (@® When giving command/order to one person or many people, the monosyllabic, verbs retain their “cu-” in positive commands but lose it in negative commands. Kull (Bat) Kuleni! —(Eat,all of you) Maile! (Do not eat ¢pl.) Kufat (Die) Kufeni! (ie, all of you) Msife! (Do not die (pl.) Kunywa! (Drink) Kunyweni! (Drink, all of you) Msinywe! (Do not drink (p.) Gi) When giving commands and order, ja (come), enda (go), leta (bring), have different forms as follows: Nenda! (Go!) Nendeni (Go, all of you!) Lote, Bring!) Leteni (Bring. all of you) ‘Njoo! (Come!) Njooni (Come, all of you!) KUTARAJIA NA KUTOA RAI (SUBJUNCTIVE FORM) This concems making siiggestions and requests. To make a suggestion or request in Kiswahili, the wards“ Ebu” or “Hebu" which could be the equivalent of the English words “Let” or “May"" or “Would”, are used. though even if left out the expression remains correct and self explanatory. Kiswahili suggestions and requests are made by the prefix of noun being joined tothe verb stem and, if the verb ends with “a”, this “a” changes to “e". ‘The following sub-sections contain examples to illustrate the way to make suggestions and requests in Kiswahili, Note that the introductory word “ebu” may be left out if you like. KUKUBALI (AFFIRMATIVE) Making suggestions and requests 1n affirmative form, take the following as a guide 1. (Ebu) Niseme. (Let me speak’ May J speak/I should speak) 2. (Bbu) Uone (You may see/Wonld you see) 3. (Bou) Twende. (Let's go May we go! We should yo) +. (Ebu) Asafishe meza ile. (Let him clean the table/He should clean the table) 5. (Ebu) Tulime. (Let us dig/May we dig/We should dig) 6 Mrichana sende mjini. (The git may/should go to town) 7. Je, mwanafunzi asome? (Well, should the student read?) 8. Je, wajenge ayumba nyinginc” (Wel, should they build another house”) 9. Mii umguke. (The tree may’shoui fall) 10. Masanduku haya yachukuliwe (These boxes should be carried away.) 51a Sed KUKANUSHA, - NEGATIVE Making suggestions and requests in Negative form, “si"- not, is inserted between the subject prefix and the verb stern. 1. Nisiseme. (1 should not speak.) 2. Usiseme. (You should not speak) 3. Asiseme (He should not speak.) 4. Tusiseme. (We should not speak.) 5. Msiseme. (You should not speak.) 6. Wasiseme. (They should not speak.) 7. Vitabu visisomwe. (The books are not to be read.) 8, Viti visiletwe hapa, (The chairs should not be brought here.) 9. Chama kisiwatese raia, (The political party should not harass the citizens.) 10. Matofali yasisombwe toka hapa. (The bricks should not be carried away from here.) 11. Nyurnba hii isiharibiwe, (This house should not be spoilt.) 12, Mii ule usikatwe. (That tree is not to be cut down.) 13, Sanduku lake lisifichwe, (His box should not be hidden.) 14. Kisu changu kisitumiwe na mtoto yule. (My knife should not be used by that child.) 15, Waziri huyu asitoc hotuba yake katika Kiingereza, (This minister should not deliver his speech in English) KUWANA/KUMILIKI KWENYE NJEO MBALIMBALI (TO HAVE/POSSESS IN VARIOUS ‘TENSES) WAKATI ULIOPO - PRESENT TENSE 1m preseat tense, to have or possess something is expressed in Kiswahili by adding “ua” on the ‘subject prefix of nouns as illustrated below: 52Fungu la 5 ARIFA YA WAHENGA: METHALI NA VITENDAWILI 31 Methai ( fROVERBS ) Methali ni usemi mfupi wenye maana ya nje na ya ndani. Maana ya nje ya methali ni ile ya maneno yaliyotumiwa lakini maana ya ndani ni ya kimatumizi ya kimuktadha. Angalia mifano ya methali hizi. Toa maana ya nje halafu utoe na maana ya ndani (kimatumizi). Methali 1. (@) Mwangaza mbili moja humponyoka. (b) Mshika mbili moja humponyoka. 2.. Haraka haraka haina baraka. 3. Polepole ndio mwendo. 4, AjidWaniye amesimama, aangalie asianguke. 5. Akili ni mali. 6. Haba na haba hujaza, kibaba. 7. Fimbo ilio mbali haiui nyoka. 8, Paka akiondoka, panya hutawala. 9, Siku za mwizi ni arobaine. 10. Kujikwaa siyo kuanguka bali ni kwenda mbele. 11. Mchimba shimo huangukia mwenyewe. 12. Usikate ngozi kabla mtoto hajazaliwa 13. Maarifa mengi huondoa akili. Py14. Heri kuchelewa bila kutofika hata kamwe, 15, Mkamatwa na ngozi ndiye mwizi. 16. Kulea mimba si kazi, kazi ni kulea mtoto. 17. Mwamini Mungu si mtovu. 18, Asiyekujua hakuthamini. 19, Mfuata nyuki hakosi asali. 20. Asiyesikia la mkuu huvunjika mguu, 21. Mtenda jamala, hulipwa jamala/Mtenda mema hulipwa mema. 22. Mungu hamfiki mnafiki. 23. Siku njema huonekana asubuhi. 24. Waraka ni nusu ya kuonana/Barua ni nusu ya kuonana. 25. Maji yakimwagika hayazoleki 26. Kukopa harusi, kulipa matanga. 27. Mama wa kambo si mama. 28. Apewaye ndiye aongezwaye 29. Kazi mbaya siyo mchezo mwema. 30. Mpanda ngazi hushuka. 31. Kikulacho ki nguoni mwako 32. (a) Subira ni ufunguo wa faraja. (b) Subira yavuta heri.33.(a) Padogo pako si pakubwa pa mwenzio. 34, Mwenye kushiba hamjui/Hamjali aliye na njaa. 35. Mwenye kelele hana neno/matata. 36. Kosa moja haliachi mke. 37. Hasira, hasara. 38, Baada ya dhiki, faraja, 39, Vita havina macho. 40, Usipoziba ufa, utajenga ukuta, 41, Kula kutamu kulima mavune. 42. Hapana msiba ambao hauna mwenzi we, 43, Vita vya panzi ni furaba ya kunguru. 44, Wagombanao ndio wapatanao. 45. Wapiganapo tembo, nyasi huumia, 46. Ukila cha mwenzako, chako chaliwa. 47. Maji ukiyavulia nguo, lazima uyaoge. 48, Ukitaka kula chura, chagua aliyenona. 49. Ulimi unauma kuliko meno. 50, Radhi ni bora kuliko mali. 55LETTER AND REPORT WRITING (KUANDIKA BARUA NA RIPOTI), “There are two types of letters that we shall look at, and these are the following; 1. Friendly letter (Barua ya kirafiki) Sifa kuu (major characteristics) i) Anwani ya mwandishi ) Tarehe iii) Jina la mwandikiwa iv) Salamu v) Jina la mwandishi pd Det barnes Teer Scha heae Ter Mfuno (Example) (CHUO CHA UFUNDI CHA LUGAZI S.L.P 2001; KAMPALA 20/ Mac! 2014 Mpendwa Sarah, Hubun ya siku nyingi Sarah? Mimi ainasoma sana hapa chuoni. Nyumbani hamjambo? Ninaomba pesa za kutumia chuoni tafadhali. Ninataka kununua vitabu. kalamu, nguo na viatu, Wavalamie wote nyumbani kama Dada Anita, Rose na Tina, Kuahen. Asante sana!! Wako. Nansubuga Susah. 2. Official latter (Barua Rasmi) Sifa kuu (major characteristics) ew a Anwani ya mwandishi 9g jugs oT OC 8) Tarehe Ni) Anwani ya mwandikiwa @de re Wr iv) Jina lamwandishi qa ya or Ts CAYCE v) Toa salutt vi) Utangulizi: yo vil) Mwili woe. viii) Hitimisho ew 56 ihMfano (Example) NANTONGO SUSAN CHUO CHA UFUNDI CHA LUGAZI, SS dilan ES SEP 2001, KAMPALA 20) MACHI / 2014. MENEJA, NENA a pS Worn. Cet SHIRIKA LA UJENZI LA ROKO, S.L.P 16190, yo ae KAMPALA. Se eden, r Bwana / Bibs, sunny ree “UROME pe tnocerr deve OO KUMB: MAOMBL Y: AZIY: /ENZ1. we bernie gutecrt ¢ Mimi ni mwanauganda wai. miaka Ishirini na sita, nimehitimu aa diploma ya ujenzi kutoka chuo cha Lugazi mwaka hu Way ea Ninajua lgha ayingl sana kama ve; Kingereza Kiswahili, Kifaransa na Kiganda. c Nitafuraht sana ombi langu likifikiriwa, We greet Comal hee Wake miisfu: NANTONGO SUSAN 0772-461616. 57mand CUSTOMER CARE LANGUAGE AND ADVERTISING. (LUBA YA KUKARIBISHA WATEJA NA KUTANGAZA BIDHAA / BIASHARA. Cums. Arne 1. CUSTOMER CARE LANGUAGE (LULHA YA KUKARIBISHA WATEJA) * Welcome customer! ~ Karibu mteja! ‘+ How can I help you customer? ~ Nikusaidieje mieja? + Tneed to buy cement! ~ Ninataka kununua saryj * [need to buy nails! — Ninataka kununua misumar #Ineed to buy paint! ~ Ninataka kununua rangi! ‘© Ineed to buy timber! —Ninataka kununua mbao! + How many kilograms of nails do you want? ~ Unataka kilo ngapi za misumari? + How much is per kilogram? — Kila kilo moja, pesa ngapi? + It's for 2000sh only. ~ Ni shiling elfumbili tu kila kilo moja! + I's too much /expensive! ~ Hiyo bei kali, / Bei ghalit + Reduce price! ~ Punguza bei! «No, can’t reduce! ~ Hapana sipunguzi bei! + Okay, give me two kilograms! ~ Sawa, nipe kilo mbili! * Give me money customer please! ~ Ninaomba pesa mteja tafadhali! © Get the money'/ Have money! ~ Chukua pesa! + Thank you customer! ~ Asante sana mteja! © Come back again ~ Karibu tena! © Goodbye! - Kwaheri! 2. ADVERTISING (KUTANGAZA BIDHAA/BIASHARA) CHANNELS OF ADVERTISING (MBINU/NJIA ZA KUTANGAZA BIASHARA/BIDHAA) i) Redio ii) Televishens iii) Magazew iv) Simu za mikononi Advantages of Advertising ELr2e amohiny foro Wed feuding ee (Umuhimu wa kutangaza bidhan/biashara) bitherr | biculise 4 Tunapata wateys wapya. 4. Soko Tinakuws hubwa 4 Tunajya mahali po hyashare 4 Tunajua bei ya bute 58‘+ Tunajua bidhaa mpya. Disadvantages/problems/challenges in Advertising. (Shida / Matatizo / changamoto za utangazaji) ~ Watu wengi hawana redio au televisheni = Watu wengine ni vipofu hawaoni televisheni - Watu wengine ni viziwi hawasikii redio = Mitandao mibaya ya redio na televisheni - Usumbufu wa umeme Lugha ngumu zinatumika. An Example of an advert in Kiswahili (Mfano wa tangazo kwa kiswal \ Ath ner Wor daour Lesko erm musi fy TANGAZO INGAZO. _TANGAZO ™ won Says NOUV. BIASHARA = L..D Ikch00, Noyoupe Ute Chen cas gQ QLXTEIA’ Koon SI NYOTE! WATEJA NJQO! NYOTE! ony | Ussecs ZTUNAULZA Bi ‘A ZA UJENZI ZOTE i i KAMA*VILE; SARUJI, MITALIMBO, | MISUMARI. KEBO, N.K. BEI NI. NAFUU SANA | ‘TUPATE KWENYE MTAA WA LUWUML ' DUKA NAMBARI10, KAMPALA | AU am TUANDIKIE BARUA KWENYE wos ANWANI BIL S.LP 2001, KAMPALA AU at Sid KWENYE MTANDAO KATIKA | i_ nguvubjashara.co.ug j PROFESSIONAL RELATED LANGUAGE (LULGA YA KITAALUMA} 1. Names of tools used in different Engineering fields (Majina ya vifaa /ala /zana/ vyombo vinavyotumika katika uhan * Hoe —Jembe = Spade — Sepetu © Wheelbarrow ~ Mkokoteni + Anaxe~ Shok. + Level - Kipimainaji © Measuring tape — Chenezo / utepe / ugwe "Rope - Kamba tofautitofaut 592. = Spanner ~ Spana + Saw —Msumeno + Burlap bag - Gunia = Plane — Randa = Pickaxe — Sulula = Shovels — Koleo = Hammer — Nyundo + Trowel — Mwiko wa mwashi + Chisel — Patasi = Plier — Koleo * Tester ~ Kipimo + Meterbox — Sanduku la mita ya umeme + Meter~ Mita ya umeme + Screwdriver — Bisibisi = Plumb ~ Timazi. les of officers in different engineering fields (Majina / vyeo vya maafisa katika uhandisi tofautitofauti) «Engineer — Mhandisi * Plumber — fundibomba © Surveyor — Mkadiriaji * Carpenter — Seremala + Plasterer — Mpiga lip * Architect — Msanifu majengo + Electrician — Fundi umeme + Technician — Fundi sanifu © Fiter—Fundi cherchani * Machinist ~ Mwangalizi wa mashine / mtengeneza mashine. * Accountant — Mhasibu + Electrical Engineer — Mhandisi umeme » Cival Engineer — Mhandisi ujenzi + Mechanical Engineer — Mhandisi mitambo © Mechanic ~ Makanika / Fundi mitambo * Chief Engineer — Mhandisi mkuu * Research Engineer — Mhandisi utaliti * Field Engineer — Mhandisi uwanj + Design Engineer ~ Mhandisi michoro, * Foreman — Msimamizi / mnyapara Supervisor ~ Mwangalizi we‘* Project engineer — Mhandisi mradi * Labourer - Kibarua 3. Tasks performed in different engineering fields (Vitendo/matendo/kazi zinavyofanyika katika uhandisi tofauti tofauti) ‘> Plumbing ~ Ufundi bomba % Surveying — Kupima ardhi + Inspecting - Kukagua ‘© Measuring — Kupima Planning — Kupanga Plustering ~ Kupiga fipu Quantative surveying — Ukadiriaji majenzi Painting — Kupiga rangi Drilling - Kutoboa mashimo kwa keekee Wiring — Kuweka waya Fixing ~ Kukaza Designing - Kuchora Roofing — Kuezekea Excavating — Kuchimbua / kufukua Building — Kujenga Earthing ~ Kutia waya aridhini/ kufunika kwa udongo Supervising - Uangalizi Drawing — Kuchora Digging the foundation - Kuchimba msingi Digging the holes ~ Kuchimba mashimo Cutting ~ Kukata Climbing up - Kupanda jau Chisscling — Kuchimba kwa patasi Switching on - Kuwasha See ooees ¢ Poe oe OEE EOS 4. Names of materials used in different engineering fields. (ang ya Nyenzo / vifaa vinavyotumika katika uhandisi tofautitofauti) Cement — saruji + Sand ~ mchanga Wire — waya Aggregates ~ kokoto Hardcore + Ironsheets ~ mabati © Bricks — matofalt + Nails ~misuman 61ee eeenas . . ‘Timber — mbao Stones — mawe Gravel — changarawe Lime — chokaa Tiles — vigae Glasses — vioo Clay — udongo Water — maji Lock — kufuli Handles — vipini / vishikio Bolts — prafujo / Bolti Screws ~ skrubu Nuts — nati ‘Threads on the bold — Hesi Water level ~ Kipima maji Soil — Udongo Paint — Rangi Crowbars — mitalimbo Joists — maboriti Rafter Komba moyo ‘Thatch — Maezcko Tire pumpu — pampu Key — ufunguo Jake — Jeki Tire ~ Tairi Tube — Mpiira wa ndani Spare wheel ~ Gurudumu Ja akiba Back wheel ~ Gurudumu la nyuma Wheel — Gurudumu Electric poles ~ miti ya umeme Bulbs — Balbu / Glopu Switches — swichi or ufito Lumps ~ Tas 7a umeme Cables ~ Kebo Transmiter ~ transimita ‘Transformer - transfoma Sockets — soket Fuses ~ fyuz: 62Iron ore — mawe:yenye madini Metal powders ~ poda ya chuma = Round metal container to carry clay, cement, aggregates etc ~ Kalai Beam ~ Boriti. 5, Parts of the building (Sehemu za jengo) ‘+ Foundation — Msingi * Floor ~ Sakafu + Walls — Kuta or ukuta (a wall) Instructions in Kiswahi (Kuamru / kutoa amri katika Kiswahi Measure the foundation! - Pima msingi! Dig the foundation! — Chimba msingi! Dig down to solid rock! ~ Chimba mpaka mwamba! Dig down 50oms! ~ Chimba sentimita hamsini! Dig 75cms wide! - Chimba upana wa sentimita sabini na tano! Build outside walls! ~ Jenga kuta za nje! Build inside walls! — Jenga kuta za ndani! Build the walls straight — Jenga kuta wima! Use plumb! ~ Tumia timazi! Jse water level! - Tumia kipima maji! Build the walls 3m high! — Jenga kuta za mita tatu juu! Build a brick wall! ~ Jenga ukuta wa matofali! Bring spanner! — Leta spana! ‘Take bricks! — Chukua matofali! Bring bricks! — Leta matofali! > Pay labourers! ~ Lipa vibarua! Tell the plasterer! - Mwambie mpiga pu! Pay monthly wage! ~ Lipa mshahara! > Take the hummer! ~ chukua nyundo! > Bring the motor pan! ~ Leta kalai! > Plaster the walls! ~ Piga lipo kuta! Paint the walls! ~ Pinga rangi kuta! > Plaster with clay! ~ Piga lipu na udongo! > Plaster with lime! ~ Piga lipu na chokaa! > Plaster with cement! - Piga lipu na saruj\! > Bring iron sheets! ~ Leta mabati Put on light! ~ washa umeme! yvvevrrrvryy \ y 63