The Life and Works of Jose Rizal
By: Dexter Abanel
➡️
Lesson 1: The Making of the Rizal Law
● Rizal Bill or Senate Bill 438 Law
Republic Act 1425
● Jose P. Laurel - (sponsor, his office)
proponent of Rizal Law; former president
during the Japanese occupation
○ "The novels of Rizal must be read in
their original edition as a
demonstration of respect and…"
● Claro M. Recto - main proponent of Rizal
bill, a legislative measure which was
intended to inspire nationalism among the
Filipino youth
○ "These novels…"
● Adversaries of Rizal Bill in the Senate:
○ Francisco Rodrigo
■ "I do believe that requiring
the young citizens to read the
novels will only result to
confusion…"
○ Mariano Cuenco
○ Decoroso Rosales
● Main supporters of Rizal Bill in the Lower
House:
○ J.Z. Gonzales
○ Roces
○ Bengzon
○ Cortes
● Adversaries of Rizal Bill in the Lower House
○ Consing
○ Cuenco
● "Compulsory" or "compulsion" was deleted
● As recognized by the proponents, Rizal
plays a substantial role in the quest to
rekindle Filipinos' aspiration on the idealism
of freedom and nationalism.
● The works and ideals expressed in the
writings of our heroes, …
1.2 Conflict with the Catholic Church
● Catholic hierarchy circulated a letter
opposing the Rizal Bill
○ Original draft was written by Fr.
Horacio de la Costa
○ Typewritten copy A
○ Copy B few handwritten changes
○ Copy C - Copy B somehow
remained but the original is lost.
■ They used this version of the
letter.
■ The author is Cavanna.
● Rev.Fr. Jesus Maria Cavanna y Manso
○ Made a version of the letter that
includes negative comments about
Rizal.
● President Ramon Magsaysay
○ June 12, 1956 - Rizal Law/ R.A.
1425 was approved
○ VP - Carlos P. Garcia
19th Century Philippines
Manila as a cross-cultural Arena
- Coming of Spaniards was first and foremost
a Catholic project
- Chinese - even before the Spaniards came,
Chinese are already influencing the Filipinos
(10th century)
- Restrictions to Chinese:
- They were required to pay
high taxes
- Could not travel to other
parts of the archipelago
- Chinese Mestizos
- Middle class
- Great merchants
- Chinese traders who married
a native woman were
baptized into Catholicism.
- Export Agricultural Production
- Trade deficit - high import, low
export (present)
- Trade surplus - low import, high
export
- (Past) we export rice, sugar and
abaca
- Inquilinos - rented lands from the
friars
- Domingo Lam-co - from Fujian China
- Ancestor of Jose Rizal
Political Condition
- Cadiz Constitution - embraces free thinking
and equality among its citizens
- Ventura de los Reyes y de la Serena -
representative in the Cadiz Constitution
 - First Filipino general assembly president - - Jose Alberto - wise direction of his studies
Carlos P. Romulo - Gregorio - love for education
Liberalism - Manuel Alberto - sports
- Inspired the creoles (dating mga Datu o - First formal school
Raja) and natives to claim equality with the - Maestro Justiano Aquino
Spaniards
Opening of Suez Canal 1869 Height - 1m. and 61cm. - 5'3
- Found in
- Reduction of expeditious travel time. Ateneo Municipal de Manila
- Spaniards stay longer… ● Source of laughter
Upper Class ● Discrimination
- Spaniards, peninsulares and friars
Middle Class University of Santo Tomas
- Native elite/ principalia ● Racial discrimination
- Mestizos ● Dominican professors were hostile to him
Lower Class ● Instrucional approach was old-fashioned
- Laborers and workers in the fields and autocratic
- Poorly educated
- Slaves Sa Aking Mga Kababata (8yrs. Old)
● Virgilio Almario questioned Rizal's concern
Genealogy and Early Life of Jose Rizal for his country
Jose - in honor of San Jose ● The first poem of Jose Rizal.
Protacio - Saint Protacio June 19
Rizal - from the word Racial Fidel V. Ramos made a list of probable national
Mercado - market heroes
y
Alonso - old surname of his mother Ambith Ocampo - historian
Realonda - great grandmother
European Escapades and Association with
5th generation of Chinese Propaganda Movement 1882-1887
Calamba, Laguna
Rizal's escapades:
Parents: Pumunta sa Europa para mag-aral.
Father - Francisco Rizal Mercado
Mother - Teodora Alonzo Realonda - Left Philippines May 3, 1882 - June 16,
1882 arrived in Varcelona, Spain
Paternal Side - Chinese - Then he went to Madrid
Maternal side - Japanese, Spanish, Filipino - Rizal continued his medical studies in
Unibersidad Central de Madrid (Medicine,
Why Rizal instead of Mercado? Philosophy and Letters)
- Because his surname is anti-government - Masonic Lodge in Madrid which was called
- His brother Paciano was associated with Acacia.
padre Burgos - An organization that Rizal joined,
ideals centered on Liberalism
What events that awakened him? - Licentiate in Medicine (award in June 21,
- Execution of GomBurZa (Feb. 17, 1872) 1884) - not equivalent to medical doctor
- First Public address - 1884, in Madrid
Early Education speech to honor Juan Luna and Felix
- First teacher - Teodora Hidalgo
- Helped Rizal in publishing Noli Me Tangere
in Berlin, Germany (2000 copies = 300php)
- Dr. Maximo Viola
- Rizal went back to Phil. on August 6, 1887
- He only stayed 6 months because there
was an ensuing crisis in Calamba
- Inquilinos (rent)
- Went to Japan
- Went to America
- He was impressed by the wealth and
place
- His experience with the immigration
system was unpleasant
- Rizal annotated Morga's Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas
- First book that talks about the history
of Phil.
- He corrected the distorted
information about the Philippines
due to Spanish conquest. Proved
that Filipinos are civilized even
before the coming of the Spaniards.
- He returned to Spain in December 1888 to
exchange ideas with his compatriots
regarding the political situation in the
Philippines.
- Propaganda Movement in Barcelona Dec.
13, 1888 - Asosacion la solidaridad
- Called for assimilation of the
Philippines
- Rizal's position in the organization is
honorary president
- Graciano Lopez - editor in chief
- Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
Organization - Jan. 12,1889 worked
for reforms
- Graciano Lopez Jaena
- Mariano Ponce tikbalang
- Jose Rizal laong laan
- Antonio Luna
- Eduardo de Lete
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Jose M. Panganiban
- Spanish members:
- Miguel Morayta
- Felipe de la Corte
- La Solidaridad - Feb. 15, 1889
- Born in Barcelona with Jaena
- Left Paris to Brussels, Belgium on Jan. 28,
1890
- To avoid high cost of living and
publish El Filibusterismo
- What triggered Rizal to write in La
Solidaridad?
- The publication of Noli Me Tangere
was prohibited by Governor General
Terrero
- Calamba tenants and Doroteo
Cortes were persecuted
- To call Filipinos to stand against
abuse and injustice committed by
the Spaniards
- Campaigned for reforms in his
articles
- How did Rizal portray Filipinos in Indolence
of the Filipinos?
- He defended the idea that Filipinos
are lazy. Filipinos are Industrious
people but lost appetite to work
because of the maltreatment and
usurpation of the Spaniards.
- Where did Rizal operated his mother's eye?
- Hong Kong Nov. 20,1891
Conflict with the Dominicans
Dominicans established UST
● The Noli Controversy
● Rizal, an American made Hero?
● The Agrarian Conflict
● Noli Me Tangere was published july 4 1887
in Europe
● How do friars interpret the NMT?
○ It is a contentious reading material
because of exposition of the friars
○ Supporters of NMT
■ Morayta, Blumentritt, Moret,
Garcia, Sanchez
○ Opposition
■ Terrero
○ Gov.Gen.Emilio Terrero called Rizal
- August 29, 1887
● Topics in NMT:
○ Gambling - means of leisure
 ○ Cockfighting - burst their anger
freely
■ White cock - superior bet
■ Red cock - inferior one
● UST committee declared the book as
heretic, scandalous and subversive.
● American Civil-Governor recognized Rizal
as hero - William Howard Taft
● Leonard Wood - matigas na american civil
governor
● The Katipunan used "Rizal" as a password.
● Katipunan had a picture of JR displayed in
their headquarters and meeting places.
● Andres Bonifacio made Rizal the Honorary
President of the Katipunan and attempted to
rescue him from his exile in Dapitan.
● General Emilio Aguinaldo issued a
declaration on Rizal being a hero
● Emilio Aguinaldo declared Dec. 30 as the
national day of mourning.
● Dominican priest own most of the lands
● How did Rizal help the Calamba tenants?
○ Voiced out through his writings
○ Grievances:
■ Rent increase
■ Dominicans never issued
receipts for the rent they
collected.
○ Sharecropping arrangements
■ Two-layer structure
● Tenant, owner
■ Three-layer system
● Tenant, owner,
government
○ Rizal's findings:
■ Almost the entire Calamba is
owned by Dominicans
■ Revenues of Dominicans
continually grew
■ Dominicans do not contribute
in town fiesta
■ Tenants were dispossessed
of their lands for flimsy
reasons.
■ High rates of interest
Rizal is a certified surveyor.
Exile
Trial
Martyr
Dapitan
Fort Santiago
Lesson 6: Exile, Trial and Martyrdom of Rizal
● Arrived in Hong Kong Nov. 20,1891
● July 6, 1892 went back to Phil.
○ Imprisoned in Fort Santiago
○ Anti-friar bills
● July 7, 1892 governor general Despujol
● July 17, 1892 arrived in Dapitan
● Fr. Pablo Pastels had conditions for him to
stay in the church
● He stayed at capt. Ricardo Carnicero's
house
● He won in the lottery with ricardo and a
Dipolog resident
● With the money, he bought a house
● He aimed his students to embody the
concept of "whole man"
Rizal as a Businessman:
● He succeeded in hemp
● Invented a wooden brick-maker
● Katipunan sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to talk
with Rizal during his exile
● While on his way to Cuba as army doctor,
he was arrested
● Nov. 3, 1896 arrived in Phil.
○ Rebelion
○ Sedition
○ Conspiracy
● Rafael Dominguez - special judge who filed
charges against Rizal
● Rizal's defense council
● Court Martial - Dec. 26, 1896
● De Andrade - defense council of Rizal
● Dec. 30, 1896 - Rizal died
○ Consummatum Est
Querida de Rizal
Querida - the woman I love the most
● Segunda Katigbak - short girl, first love of
Rizal, puppy love, engaged to Manuel Luz
● Leonor Valenzuela - tall girl from Pagsanjan.
Invisible ink notes. He visited her on the eve
of his departure
 ● Leonor Rivera - 11 years sweetheart, LDR;
greatest influence of keeping him in falling
in love. Letters from Rizal were hidden. Was
married to Charles Henry Kipping, English
engineer.
● Consuelo Ortiga y Rey - prettiest daughters
of Don Pablo Ortiga. Filipina staying in
Madrid. Their relationship didn't continue
because Rizal wanted to stay loyal to
Leonor Rivera. Letter/poem A la Señorita
C.O. y R. Friend - Eduardo de Lete
○ The Love Triangle
○ The Rizal's way of declaring his love
● O Sei San - Japanese samurai's daughter.
Rizal was taught Japanese art of painting
known as su-mie. Iniwan dahil sa bayan.
● Gertrude Beckett - Rizal boarded in the
house of the Beckett family in London. Left
London because Beckett was seriously in
love with him.
● Nellie Boustead - after losing Leonor Rivera,
he thought of courting other ladies. He is a
guest of the Boustead family in the resort
city of Biarritz. Daughters of Eduardo
Boustead. Their relationship did not end in
marriage because Rizal refused to be
converted to Protestant faith.
● Petite Suzanne Jacoby - In 1890, Rizal
boarded in Brussels. Her family sent
regards to Rizal.
● Josephine Bracken - February 1895,
18-year old petite Irish girl. George Taufer,
Rizals patient but not cured because it was
untreatable. Rizal married her. Josephine
became Rizal's wife without the Church
blessings.
○ Gave birth prematurely to a still-born
baby.
● Rizal's love for Josephine
○ Poem - "A Josefina" July 1895
○ ● Japan - judo
Community Services and Achievements
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt
As a medical doctor
● ● Attended magical presentations
●
As an educator
● Father of community school
● Whole man concept
As an agriculturist and economist
● Kopra and hemp
● Competitive economist
As an artist and writer
● Wrote poems, short stories, novels, essays,
plays and fables.
● As a writer, Rizal knew 22 languages
As an architect and engineer
● Able to design and build structures with
aptness
● Licensed surveyor
As a scientist and inventor
● Wooden brick-maker
● Dapitan, he discovered species of dragonfly
(Draco rizali), frog (Racophorus rizali) and
beetle (Apogonia rizali)
As a Social Scientist
● Discovered the ancient Chinese porcelain
● Annotated Morga's sucesos
As a Nationalist and Reformist
● Wrote an article on Tagalog Orthography in
Madrid on April 15, 1890 where he
proposed the use of k and w instead of c
and r
As a Leader and Organizer
● Formed the Kidlat Club
As a Psychic
● In his essay entitled "The Philippines" he
predicted the colonization of America and
uprising or oppressed Filipinos
As a Sportsman
● Swimming, fencing, wrestling, rowing
● Expert yo-yo player
● Excellent chess player
● In Ateneo, he took up Gymnastics
● Expert swordsman and pistol shooter
● Spain - fencing and shooting
● London - boxing and cricket
● Loved arnis and sipa
As a Magician
● Making coin or handkerchief disappear
● To learn more, he bought books written by
European magicians
Rizal's Work
● "Sa aking mga Kabata" - Unang tula ni Rizal
(8years old)
○ Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling
salita ay mas masahol at malansa
pa sa isda…
● "To the Filipino Youth" (A la juventud filipina)
- written in Spanish and received an award.
○ Unang gumamit ng "Pilipinas" na
term
● "Goodbye to Leonor" - when Rizal lost
Leonor. She was married to Charles
Kipping.
● "To the Young Women of Malolos" -
addressed to Filipino women. Reminders
about Filipino mothers should possess
duties of wives and counsel on young
women should choose their lifetime
partners.
● "Junto al Pasig" - means beside Pasig river.
One-act play, theme highlights Christianity,
good vs. Evil
● Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) - Rizal's
most famous novel. Crisostomo Ibarra and
how he dealt with Spanish authorities and
how he prepared for his revenge.
● El Filibusterismo (The Reign of the Greed) -
(Crisostomo) Rizal and (Maria Clara)
Leonor Rivera
○ Mariano Ponce
○ Jose Apolonio Burgos
○ Jacinto Zamora
● Mi Ultimo Adios - Rizal bid farewell and
there was no title, so Mariano Ponce came
up with the title.

Rizal retracted based on the letter but Ambith

Ocampo is not sure of the signature in the letter.

"It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great

ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without
becoming a part of any edifice." - Rizal