The Life and Works of

Jose Protacio Mercado

C

Rizal y Alonzo
 Objectives
• Explain the history of Jose Rizal’s name
• Identify the family and ancestors of Jose Rizal
• Explore Jose Rizal’s education and his accomplishments
• Analyze the impact of the death of the GOMBURZA and the Cavite Mutiny
• Study and explore Jose Rizal’s involvement in the propaganda movement
• Examine and explore Jose Rizal’s life in Dapitan
• Study and examine the trials of Jose Rizal
 June 19, 1861
Berganza Calamba, Laguna
Gamo-gamo Azotea
Biñan, Laguna Justiniano Aquino Cruz

Sa Aking Mga Kababata

Jose Alberto
Gregorio Aquilina Alquitran
Manuel Alipato
Pepe
Celestino, Lucas Padua, and
Juancho
St. Joseph Leon Moroy
Rufino Collantes/ Pedro Casañas
History of Jose Rizal’s Name

• 1861 (June 19) – birth of Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y

Realonda in Calamba, Laguna
• 1861 (June 22) – Jose Rizal was baptized by Fr. Rufino
Collantes and sponsored by Fr. Pedro Casanas
• His name, Jose was derived from St. Joseph and chosen by
her mother, Teodora “Lolay” Alonzo y Realonda
• His pet name “Pepe” was given by his mother and name after
St. JosEPh
• His second surname, RIZAL (from Latin, Ricial means field)
was chosen by his father, Francisco Mercado (tenant farmer –
from hacienda owned by the Dominicans)
Family and Ancestors of Jose Rizal
 Family and Ancestors of Jose Rizal

 Born on May 11, 1818 Binan, Laguna and

died on January 5, 1898 at age of 80
 Colegio de San Jose (Latin and Philosophy)
 A tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned
hacienda
 “a model of fathers” (as Rizal described)
 An independent-minded, hardy, talked less
and worked more, strong in body and valiant
Francisco Mercado Rizal in spirit.
 Family and Ancestors of Jose Rizal

 Born on November 8, 1826, Manila

and died on August 16, 1911 at age of
85
 Married Francisco on June 28 1848
 Colegio de Santa Rosa
 “woman of more than ordinary culture”
(refined culture, literary talent,
business ability, fortitude of Spartan
Teodora Alonzo y Realonda women)
 Rizal’s Ancestor – Paternal Side
SIONG-CO
ZAUN-NIO
ANTONIO VARGAS
ANA BEATRIZ
DOMINGO LAM-CO
INES DELA ROSA

FRANCISCO MERCADO
BERNARDA MONICHA

JUAN MERCADO
CIRILA ALEJANDRO

FRANCISCO MERCADO
 Rizal’s Ancestor – Maternal Side
ESTANISLAO
MANUEL DE QUINTOS
EUGENIO URSUA ROSA SUNIO CAILIANCO
BENIGNA

REGINA URSUA
MANUEL DE QUINTOS

CIPRIANO ALONZO
BRIGIDA DE QUINTOS MARIA FLORENTINA
LORENZO ALBERTO ALONZO

TEODORA ALONZO
 Childhood Memories of Jose Rizal
• 1864
• At the age of three he stayed at the
nipa cottage to muse on the beauty of
nature.
• He prayed the Angelus every night.
• He listened with the story telling of his
mother at the azotea after the nightly
rosary.
• He read the Spanish family bible.
• 1866 - At age of five, Rizal showed artistic abilities
(sketching, clay molding, and wax imaging)
• 1868 (June 6)
• Rizal had his first trip across Laguna
de bay.
• Rizal together with his father had
pilgrimage in Antipolo.
• Teodora was giving birth to Trinidad.
• Rizal learned the story of the moth.
• 1869
• At age of eight, he wrote his first poem, “Sa
Aking Mga Kababata”
Social and Environmental Influences

Paciano Love of freedom and justice

Religious Teodora Jose Alberto Artistic ability

Folklores and Legends Aya, Aquilina Physical activities

Manuel
Alquitran

Scholarship and scholastic Leoncio Book lover

Gregorio
honesty Lopez
 Childhood Memories of Jose Rizal
• 1869 (June) Binan, Laguna
• Jose was accompanied by
Paciano and went in Binan,
Laguna to pursue his schooling.
• Jose studied Latin and Spanish to
maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
• Jose brawled with Pedro
Three Filipino priests, Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora implicated in Cavite mutiny.
• 1872 (January 20) – Cavite Mutiny
• Some 200 Filipino and Spanish mestizo
workers and soldiers rose in mutiny in
Cavite because of abolition of their usual
privilege including exemption from tribute
and polo y servicio (force labor) by
Governor Rafael de Izquerdo.
• The mutiny was suppressed two days
later the troop enforcements from
Manila.
 Childhood Memories of Jose Rizal
• 1872 (February) – Execution of the
GOMBURZA
• The three priests and their accuser (Francisco
Zaldua) who were captured alive during the
suppression of the mutiny, were publicly executed
(garrote).
• Paciano, friend and student of Fr. Jose Burgos in
the Collegio de San Jose witnessed the public
execution.
• Paciano sensed his life in danger and hurried home.
• Paciano narrated to his younger brother the priest’s
public execution in Bagumbayan Manila (Luneta).
• 1872 (June) Incarceration of
Teodora
• Teodora Alonzo with Jose Alberto
were suddenly arrested because of
malicious charge.
• They were accused of attempting to
poison the perfidious wife of Jose
Alberto, Teodora’s brother.
• Teodora walked a distance of 50
kilometers (Calamba to Santa Cruz)
was incarcerated at the provincial
prison
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Ateneo de Municipal
• 1872 (June) – Ateneo de Municipal
• June 10, 1872 Rizal passed the entrance exam
in San Juan de Letran.
• Jose accompanied by Paciano, matriculated in
Ateneo de Municipal (escuela pia).
• Fr. Magin Ferrando, college registrar refused to
admit Rizal: Late for registration and Frail,
sickly, and undersized for his age
• Rizal was admitted in the Ateneo de Municipal
with the help of Manuel Xerez Burgos (Nephew
of Fr. Burgos)
• Fr. Jose Bech, “tall thin man and Greek
like sharp nose,” first professor of Rizal.
• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, 4th
year teacher of Rizal who inspired and
influenced Rizal to study hard and to write
poems.
• Frs. Vilaclara and Mineves, Rizal’s
professors in philosophy, physics,
chemistry, and natural history (4th year)
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Ateneo de Municipal

• Secretary of the Marian

Congregation (devotee of Our Sacred Heart of
Lady of Immaculate Jesus
Conception).
• Member of the Academy of
Spanish Literature and Natural
Resources. • 1874 - Mi Primera Inspiracion
• Study painting under the • 1875 - Felicitacion
famous Spanish painter, • 1876 - Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
Agustin Saez.
• 1877 - Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de
• Practice sculpture under
Romualdo de Jesus. los Colegiales
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Ateneo de Municipal

• 1st year(1872-1873) – 2nd year(1873-1874)

Rizal got excellent grades and became The Count of Alexander
emperor in the class. Monte Cristo Dumas
• 3rd year (1874 – 1875) : His grades
remained excellent in all subjects (won
medal in Latin). Interest in Universal
Cesar Cantu
Reading History
• 4th year (June 16, 1875 – 1876) : He
became interno and won 5 medals with
excellent rating. Travel in the Dr. Feodor
• Last year in Ateneo (1876 – 1877) : “Pride Philippines Jagor
of the Jesuit.” Graduated with highest
honor on March 23, 1877.
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad de Santo Tomas
• 1878 (April) - Rizal took Philosophy and
Letters.
• He enrolled in this course for two reasons:
(1) his father liked it, and (2) he was still
uncertain as to what career to pursue.
• 1877 – 1878, studied Cosmology,
Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of
Philosophy.
• 1878 - Took up medicine course with the
advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon (Rector of
Ateneo)/ Chose medicine to be able to cure
his mother’s growing blindness
• 1878 – He took vocational course in Ateneo
leading to the title of perito agrimensor (expert
surveyor).
• Obtained gold medals in agriculture and
topography.
• Passed the final exam in surveying course at
age of 17 (The title was issued on November
25, 1881).
• 1879 - Rizal’s “ A La Juventud Filipina” won
the literary contest sponsored by the Liceo
Artistico – Literio.
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad de Santo Tomas

• 1880 – Jose Rizal won the literary contest in

the 4th centennial death anniversary of Miguel
de Cervantes.
• His literary “El Consejo delos Dioses”, was
awarded with a gold ring where bust of
Cervantes was engraved.

• 1880 (December 8) - Rizal wrote a Spanish

zarzuela, “ Junto al Pasig.”
• During the feast of the Immaculate
Conception, Rizal’s schoolmates in Ateneo
staged the said zarzuela with musical
accompaniment (Blas Echegoyen).
La Amor Vida de el senior Jose Rizal
• Miss “ L”.
• Leonor Valenzuela (Orang)
• Leonor Rivera (Taimis)
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad Central de Madrid

• 1882 (May 3) - He boarded on  1882 (June 11) – Mt. Vesuvius

Naples
Salvadora going to Madrid, Spain and Castle of St. Telmo
• Jose Rizal’s departure was kept
secret (Jose Mercado) and he went
in Europe to observe the life, culture,  1882 (June 12) – Chateau d’lf
Marseilles
industries, government, and laws. (Edmund Dantes)

 Buddhist temple
and statue of  beautiful,  Lonely, quiet  Hotter city  Multi-racial
Thomas smart, and and sad than Manila inhabitant
Standford
elegant speaking
Raffles

Singapore Colombo Point Galle Aden Suez Canal

 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad Central de Madrid

• 1882 (June 16) – He reached
Barcelona ( greatest city of
Catalonia).
• Rizal described Barcelona an
atmosphere of freedom and
liberalism.
• 1882 (August 20) – Amor Patrio (first article)appeared in
“Diariong Tagalog” (Basilio Teodoro Moran).
• Los Viajes – second article published in Diariong
Tagalog”.
• 1882 (November 29) Revisita de Madrid (Diariong
Tagalog ceased publication because of lack of funds)

• 1882 (November 3) – He enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid.

• Learned the sad news from Manila, the folks suffered from the cholera ravage.
• Studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts (San Fernando, Madrid).
• Visited Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey (vice – president of the council of the Phil. Ministry and former
Manila city mayor).
• 1883 (August 22) – He made the poem, “ A La Senorita C.O. y P” (Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez)
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad Central de Madrid

• 1882 – He joined the Circulo Hispano –
Filipino (Society of Spaniards and
Filipinos).
• 1882 (December 31) – He wrote the
poem, Me Piden Versos and the said
poem was declaimed in New Year’s eve
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriett Beecher
Stowe) and The Wandering Jews
(Eugene Sue) influenced Jose Rizal
which aroused him to sympathize for
the oppressed and unfortunate.
• 1883 (June 17 to August 20) – Paris, French
• Rizal observed the French way of life and spent his
time in the museum, Louvre, botanical gardens,
Luxembourg, libraries, galleries and hospitals.
• Laennec Hospital (Dr. Nicaise).
• Lariboisierre Hospital (observed the examination of
different diseases of women).
• Mistaken as Japanese by the Parisian.
• Worried financially ( his monthly allowance was late
due to infestation in Calamba)
1883 (March) – Rizal joined the Acacia to seek
free masonry’s aid.
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad Central de Madrid

• 1884 – Jose Rizal began to write his

novel, Noli Me Tangere
• 1884 (June 24) - He delivered speech to
honor Juan Luna and Felix
Ressurreccion Hidalgo.
• Luna’s Spoliarium (1st prize) and
Christian Virgin Exposed to the
Populace (2nd prize) in the National
Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.
 Jose Rizal’s Education: Universidad Central de Madrid
• 1881 (November 20-22) – Bloody
Riot in Universidad de Madrid
• The serene city of Madrid
exploded in bloody riots by the
students of Central Universities.
• Dr. Miguel Morayta, history
professor was excommunicated
by Catholic bishop of Spain for
proclaiming the freedom of
science and teacher.
• 1884 (June 21) - Rizal completed his
medical course in Universidad Central de
Madrid.
• His doctor’s diploma was not awarded due
to his failure to present his thesis nor paid
the corresponding fees.
• 1885 (June 19) – obtained his Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters.
• Rizal was qualified as professor of
humanities in any Spanish Universities.
 Jose Rizal: Specialization in Ophthalmology
• 1885 to 1886 -Rizal went in Paris and Germany
to specialize in ophthalmology.
• 1885 – In Paris, he finished the half of the
second half of the novel, Noli Me Tangere
• In Paris, he worked as an assistant of Dr. Louis
de Weckert ( Nov. 1885 – Feb. 1886).
• 1886 (February 3) – He arrived in Heidelberg,
Germany and he worked in the University Eye
Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker
(distinguished German ophthalmologist).
• 1886 (April 22) - He wrote the poem, “A Las
Flores de Heidelberg” ( To the Flowers of
Heidelberg)
• 1886 to 1887 - Rizal spent 3 months summer vacation in
the vicarage of Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer in
Wilhelmsfeld, Germany
• 1886 (April – June) – In Wilhelmsfeld, he wrote
the last few chapters of Noli Me Tangere
• 1886 (July 31) - He wrote his first letter in German
language to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Director of
Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria).
• 1886 (August 14) – He arrived in Leipzig, Germany and
attended lectures in history and psychology in Leipzig
University.
• 1886 (October 29) – In Dresden, Germany he met Dr.
Adolf B. Meyer (director of Anthropological and
Ethnological Museum)
• 1886 (November 1) – In Berlin, He met for the first time
his favorite author, Dr. Feodor Jagor
 Jose Rizal: First Homecoming (1887-1888)

• 1887 (August 5) – Rizal returned in the Philippines after five years sojourn in Europe.
• 1887 (August 8) - Rizal arrived in Calamba, Laguna
• Rizal went in Malacanan Palace to disprove the subversive ideas of Noli Me Tangere to the
Governor General, Emilio Terrero
• Msgr. Pedro Payo sent the copy of Noli to Fr. Rector Gregorio Echavarria (UST) for examination
• 1887 (December 29)– Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian curate of Tondo and head of Permanent
Commission of Censorship (PCC) found Noli to contain subversive ideas against the church and
Spain
• 1888 (December 30) – the Civil Governor of Laguna made an investigation about the agrarian
condition of the localities
• 1888 (February 3) – after 6 months stayed in Calamba, Rizal left Manila boarded on Zafiro for
Hong Kong
 Jose Rizal: Trip to Hong Kong, Japan, and United State of America

 1888 (February 8) – Rizal arrived in Hong Kong and stayed at Hotel Victoria. Rizal met Jose
Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriate. Jose Saenz De Varanda shadowed Rizal’s
movement in Hong Kong.
 1888 (February 16) – Rizal wrote letter to Blumentritt (describing Hong Kong)
 1888 (February 18) – Rizal and Basa boarded on the ferry, kiu-kiang going to Macao (Don
Juan Francisco Lecaros ) accommodated Rizal and Basa.
 1888 (February 20) – Rizal and Basa returned in Hong Kong
 1888 (February 22) – boarded on Oceanic going to Japan
 1888 (February 28) – Rizal arrived in Yokohama and registered at the Grand Hotel.
 1888 (March 7) – In Tokyo, Japan he visited Juan Perez Caballero ( secretary of the Spanish
Legation)/ He learned nippongo and Japanese history to Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San)
 1888 (April 13) – He boarded on steamer, Belgic English going to USA. He met Tetcho
Suehiro (Japanese journalist, novelist, and champion of human rights)
 Jose Rizal: Trip to Hong Kong, Japan, and United State of America

 April 28, 1888 – Rizal witnessed racial prejudices (discriminatory treatment of the Chinese and
Negroes by the white Americans). San Francisco, California - steamer Belgic, Rizal together with
other passengers were quarantined due to cholera epidemic in Far East. The quarantine of the
ship was influenced by political interest (643 Chinese coolie / 700 bales of valuable Chinese silks)

Oakland (May 6, Colorado (May Niagara Falls (May

1888) 9,1888) 12, 1888)

Nebraska, Omaha,
Reno, Nevada (May Albany and Hudson
and Missouri (May
7, 1888) (May 13,1888)
10, 1888)
Utah, Ogden, New York to
Chicago, Illinois
Denver and Provo Liverpool (May 16,
(May 11, 1888)
(May 8, 1888) 1888)
 Jose Rizal: Sojourn in London, England and Paris, France

• May 16, 1888 – Rizal boarded the “City of Rome”
going to London. Rizal entertained the European and
American passengers with his skill in playing yo-yo.
• Rizal introduced the yo-yo as a kind of weapon.
• May 24, 1888 – arrived in Liverpool, England and he
spent his night at Adelphi Hotel.
• May 25, 1888 – Rizal stayed at Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor’s home (exile and practicing lawyer in
London).
• British Museum – Rizal browsed over the pages of Dr.
Antonio de Morga’s “ History of the Philippine Islands”
and other historical works.
• September 17, 1888 – Rizal wrote to Blumentritt praising
the work of Dr. A Morga.
• December 11, 1888 – Rizal visited Madrid and
Barcelona. Rizal searched the historical materials in
Bibliotheque Nationale. Rizal met Marcelo Hilario del
Pilar and Mariano Ponce.

• Rizal stayed at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent Primrose Hill • December 24, 1888 – Rizal returned in London and he
(Beckett Family). spent his Christmas and New Year with the Beckett’s
family.
• Dr. Reinhold Rost – librarian of the Ministry of Foreign
• December 31, 1888 – Rizal became a leader of Filipinos
Affair and authority of Malayan languages and
customs. (Rizal, “ Una perla de hombre”) in Europe ( unanimously voted as honorary president of
Associacion La Solidaridad).
 Jose Rizal: Sojourn in London, England and Paris, France
• February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez Jaena
founded the patriotic news paper, “La
Solidaridad”.
• “Los Agricultores” (March 25, 1889) – The
Filipino Farmers was Rizal first article in La
Solidaridad.
• “La Vision del Fray Rodiguez” (nom-de-plume,
Dimasalang)
• February 22, 1889 – Rizal wrote a letter to the
young women of Malolos.
• March 19, 1889 – Rizal left London going to
Paris.
• May 1889 – Rizal Contributed to Trubner’s
Record (Filipino proverbs and riddles)
• March 1889 – Rizal live in the house of his friend,
Valentin Ventura at No. 45 Rue Maubeuge. Rizal spent
most of his time in reading room of the Bibliotheque
Nationale.
• March 19, 1889 – Rizal founded the Filipino society
such as Kidlat Club, Indios Bravos, and Redencion de
los Malayos
• May 6, 1889 – Rizal witnessed the Universal Exposition
of Paris. Rizal together with Hidalgo, Luna, and Tavera
participated in International Art Competition.
• June 24, 1889 – Rizal became baptismal sponsor of
Maria dela Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda
Juana y Pardo de Tavera
• October 12, 1889 – Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas in Libreria de Garnier Hermanos
 Jose Rizal: Sojourn in Brussels, Belgium and Madrid, Spain
• January 28, 1890 – Rizal left Paris going to Brussels,
Belgium
• Rizal live in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue
Philippe Champagne (Jacoby sisters – Suzanne &
Marie).
• Rizal continued writing the chapters of his second
novel, “El Filibusterismo”.
• Rizal wrote articles in “La Solidaridad” to defend the
oppressed people.
• “ A la Defensa” (April 30, 1889) – reply to an anti-
Filipino writing of a Spanish author Patricio de la
Escosura
• “ La Verdad para Todos” (May 31, 1889) – Rizal’s
defense against the Spanish charges that the native
local officials were ignorant and depraved.
• “ Vicente Barantes’ Teatro Tagalo”, (June 15, 1889)
– Barrantes’ ignorance on the Tagalog theatrical
art.
• “Una Profanacion” (July 31, 1889) – denying burial
of Mariano Herbosa.
• “Verdades Nuevas” (July 31, 1889) – Vicente
Belloc Sanchez (“Patria” – July 4, 1889)
• “ Crueldad” (August 15, 1889) – Blumentritt’s
defense from the scurrilous attacks of his enemies
• “ Diferencias” (September 15, 1889) - “Old Truths”
(Aug. 14, 1889)
• “Inconsequencias” (Novenber 30, 1889) – Antonio
Luna’s defense against the attack of Pablo Mir
Deas – “El Pueblo Soberano”
 Jose Rizal: Sojourn in Brussels, Belgium and Madrid, Spain
• “ Llanto y Risas” (November 30, 1889) –
denunciation of Spanish racial prejudices against
the brown Filipinos – (“La Juventud Filipina”)
• “Ingratitudes” (January 15, 1890) – reply to Gov.
Gen. Valerio Weyler’s comment (Calamba).
• 1890 (April 15) Rizal wrote “ Sobre la Nueva
Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala”
• 1890 (June 11) – Rizal wrote about his
presentiment of death to Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• 1890 (July 9) – Rizal learned the plan of
Graciano Lopez Jaena (Cuba)
• 1890 (July 18) – Rizal informed Mariano Ponce
his intention to go home.
• August 1890 – Rizal arrived in Madrid to secure justice for
the oppressed Calamba tenants. Marcelo H. del Pilar
(Lawyer) and Dr. Dominador Gomez (Secretary)
• Rizal called on the Minister of Colonies in order to protest
the injustices committed by General Valeriano Weyler and
the Dominicans.
• August 19, 1890 – Jose Ma. Panganiban died in
Barcelona
• August 1890 - Antonio Luna challenged Rizal to duel (for
not winning the heart of Nelly Boustead).
• Rizal challenged Wenceslao Retana. In “La Epoca”,
Retana imprudently wrote that Rizal’s family did not pay
rent that caused them ejected to their lands in Calamba.
• 1891 (January 1) – Rizal and Del Pilar competed for the
position, Responsable (editor and leader of La
Solidaridad)
 Jose Rizal: Sojourn in Biarritz, France and Ghent, Belgium
• February 1891 – Rizal arrived in Biarritz (Eduardo
Boustead, Adelina, Nellie, and Isabel). Rizal proposed to
marry Nellie Boustead but his proposal failed because of 1)
refuse to give up his catholic faith, and Nelly’s mother did
not like Rizal for he was poor in material things.
• March 29, 1891 (letter to Blumentritt) – finished the
manuscript of “El Filibusterismo”.
• March 29, 1891 – Rizal finished the manuscript in Biarritz, • May 30, 1891 (letter to Jose Ma. Basa) – Rizal
France
• April 4, 1891 (letter to Jose Ma. Basa) – Rizal expressed
his desire to practice Ophthalmology in Hong Kong to
sustain his needs.
• April 1891 – Rizal returned in Brussels.
• May 1, 1891 – Rizal notified the Propaganda
authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly allowance
(letter addressed to A.L. Lorena; pseudo name of
Deodato Arellano).
• August 7, 1891 (letter of M.H. del Pilar) – del Pilar
wrote to Rizal begging for forgiveness for any
resentment and requesting him to resume writing for
the “La Solidaridad”.
expressed his financial needs for printing his second
novel, “El Filibusterismo”.
• June 13, 1891 – Rizal informed Jose Ma. Basa about
his intent to print, “El Filibusterismo” (3 chapters left
corrected) corrected).
• July 5, 1891 – Rizal left Brussels going Ghent.
• Ghent, Belgium – Rizal found F. MEYER-VAN LOO
PRESS 66 Viaanderen Street (print the novel for
installment basis).
 Jose Rizal: Hong Kong and the Founding of La Liga Filipina
• October 3, 1891 – Rizal left Ghent going to Paris and he
proceeded by train to Marseilles.
• October 18, 1891 – boarded the steamer, “Melbourne”
bound to Hong Kong.
• November 20, 1891 – Rizal arrived in Hong Kong
• December 1, 1891 (letters) – Rizal wrote to his parent
asking permission to go home. Manuel T. Hidalgo wrote to
Rizal informing him about the 25 persons from Calamba
were deported.
• 1891 (Before Christmas) – Rizal’s family arrived in Hong
Kong (Francisco, Paciano, Silvestre, Teodora, Lucia, Josefa,
and Trinidad).
• January 31, 1892 (letter to Blumentritt) – Rizal expressed
his happy moments with his family, and his medical
practice. Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, Portuguese physician
helped Rizal to build a wide clientele.
• March 7, 1892 – Rizal went to Sandakan
(negotiated with the British authorities)
• March 21, 1892 (letter to Despujol) – Rizal
requested to gov.gen. Despujol to allow the landless
Filipinos to settle in Borneo.
• May 26, 1892 ( Graciano Lopez Jaena’s letter) – he
expressed his intent to plant sugar cane in Borneo.
• June 19, 1892 – Rizal spent his 31st birthday in
Hong Kong (letters, parents, Filipinos, friends)
• June 21, 1892 (letter to Governor Despujol) A secret
case filed in Manila (anti-religious and anti-patriotic)
• Luis de la Torre was tasked to investigate Rizal’s
German citizenship.
 Jose Rizal: Hong Kong and the Founding of La Liga Filipina

• June 26, 1892 – Rizal and Lucia arrived in Manila.

• June 27, 1892 – Rizal visited his friend in Bulacan (Malolos), Pampanga (San
Fernando / Bacolor), and Tarlac.
• June 28, 1892 – Rizal had interview with General Eulogio Despujol.
• Sunday, July 3, 1892 – Rizal attended the meeting of the patriots at the home of
Doroteo Ongjunco (Chinese – Filipino) (President : Ambrosio Salvador/ Secretary
: Deoadato Arellano/Treasurer : Bonifacio Arevalo/ Fiscal : Agustin dela Rosa)
• Wednesday, July 6, 1892 – Rizal (Pobres Frailes) was arrested and incarcerated
in Fort Santiago (incommunicado). – Ramon Despujol
• July 7, 1892 – “Gaceta de Manila” published the story of Rizal’s arrest.
 Jose Rizal in Dapitan

• July 14, 1892 – Rizal was brought to Dapitan by Captain Delgras.

• July 17, 1892 – Rizal was handed over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero.
• November 3, 1892 – Pablo Mercado (spy) introduced himself as friend and relative of Rizal.
• May 4, 1893 – Captain Juan Sitges, commandant of Dapitan ordered the arrest of Pablo
Mercado (Florencio Namanan) - Anastacio Adriatico.
• August 28, 1893 – death of Leonor Rivera – Kipping. Josephine Bracken ( Mr. Taufer) seek
medical assistance in Dapitan.
• December 17, 1895 (letter to General Ramon Blanco) - Rizal offered his service as military
doctor in Cuba.
• June 21, 1896 – Dr. Pio Valenzuela (emissary of Bonifacio) arrived in Dapitan
• July 31, 1896 – Rizal’s four years exile in Dapitan came to an end.
• Beginning of Exile in Dapitan
• Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion
• Idlyllic Life in Dapitan
• As a physician in Dapitan
• Water System for Dapitan
• Community Projects for Dapitan
• Rizal as a Teacher
• Hymn to Talisay
• Contributions to Science
• Linguistic Studies
• Rizal as a Farmer
• Rizal as Businessman
• Rizal Inventive Ability
• My Retreat
• Rizal and Josephine Bracken
• Rizal and the Katipunan
• Volunteer as Military Doctor in Cuba
• Adios, Dapitan
• Rizal Misses Ship Going to Dapitan
• Outbreak of the Philippine Revolution
• Departure for Spain
• Rizal in Singapore
• Victim of Spanish Duplicity
• Rizal Arrested Before Reaching Barcelona
• Arrival in Barcelona as a Prisoner
• Last Homecoming and Trial
• Confiscation of Rizal’s Diary
• Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
• Arrival in Manila
• Preliminary Investigation
• Rizal Chooses His Defender
• Reading of Information of Charges to the Accused
• The Trial of Rizal
• Polaveja Signs Rizal’s Execution
• Martyrdom at Bagumbayan
• Last Hour of Rizal
 Jose Rizal: Trial and Death
• July 31, 1896 (Midnight) – Rizal boarded the Espana going to Dumaguete. (Dumaguete going to Cebu)
• August 3, 1896 – Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. (Iloilo - Molo church, Rizal sailed to Capiz going Manila.
• August 6, 1896 – The ship Espana arrived early in the morning in Manila Bay.
• Rizal missed the mail ship, Isla de Luzon going Spain.
• August 6, 1896 (Midnight) – Rizal boarded the ship Castilla (Governor General Ramon Blanco).
• Enrique Santalo – gallant captain of the Castilla, acccomodated Rizal (August 6 – September 2)
• August 19, 1896 – Fray Mariano Gil, Augustinian cura of Tondo, discovered the Katipunan plot to overthrow
Spanish rule (Revolution).
• August 26, 1896 – Andres Bonifacio heightened the Katipuneros, “Cry of Balintawak”.
• August 30, 1896 – Bonifacio and Jacinto lost the fight in Battle of San Juan.
• Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco proclaimed a state of war (Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac)
• September 2, 1896 (Rizal’s letter to his mother) – Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay going to
Barcelona.
 Jose Rizal: Trial and Death
• September 7, 1896 – Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore (Don Pedro Roxas / Don Miguel Camus)
• September 8, 1896 – Isla de Panay left Singapore going to Barcelona.
• September 25 – left Suez Canal (crammed with Spanish troops).
• September 27 – execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato, and Osorio.
• September 28 – a passenger told Rizal that he would be arrested and incarcerated in Ceuta.
• September 30 –Rizal was notified by Captain Alemany (Cabin)
• September 30, 1896 – Rizal saw through a tiny window the beautiful view of port Malta
• October 3, 1896 – Isla Panay arrived in Barcelona (Gen. Eulogio Despujol)
• October 6, 1896 (Monjuich) – the ship Colon left Barcelona going to Manila.
• October 8, 1896 – Rizal learned the news from Madrid newspapers blaming him on the bloody
revolution in the Philippines.
• October 11, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was confiscated before reaching port Said.
• November 2, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was returned to him. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez
(London) attempted to rescue Rizal though Hugh Fort upon reaching Singapore.
 Jose Rizal: Trial and Death
• November 3, 1896 – the ship Colon reached Manila. Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose
Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, and Rizal’s brother, Paciano were arrested and
cruelly tortured.
• November 20, 1896 – preliminary investigation (Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive). Documentary and
testimonial evidences were presented (15 exhibits).
• November 26, 1896 – after the preliminary investigation, Col. Olive transferred the records to Gen. Blanco (Capt.
Rafael Dominguez – Judge Advocate).
• Judge Advocate Gen. Don Nicolas de la Pena recommended to trial, detain, (indemnity), and to defend by army
officer.
• December 8,1896 – Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade served as Rizal’s defender in court.
• December 11, 1896 – Rizal was accused of :
• The principal organizer and living soul of the Filipino insurrection
• Founder of Societies
• Author of books and articles (periodicals) dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.
 Jose Rizal: Trial and Death

• December 13, 1896 – Dominguez forwarded the paper of Rizal’s case to Malacanan Palace
General Camilo G. de Polavieja appointed Gov. Gen of the Philippines.
• December 15, 1896 – Rizal wrote a manifesto to the Filipinos appealing to them to stop the
necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry.
• December 28, 1896 – Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to
be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of December 30 at the Bagumbayan Field
• December 29, 1896 – Captain Rafael Dominguez read the death sentence of Rizal
• 7:00 A.M. – Father Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector) and Father Luis Viza (Teacher) visited Rizal
Fr. Viza brought the Sacred Heart of Jesus to Rizal.
• December 30, 1896 – (6:30 A.M.)death march to Bagumbayan.
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo – examined Rizal’s pulse and found out to be normal.
• 7:03 A.M., December 30, 1896 – Rizal died at age of 35 years, 5 months, and 11 days….