CHAPTER 1 : ADVENT OF A NATIONAL
HERO
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
as a Genius: Physician, Poet, Dramatist,
Essayist, Novelist, Historian, Architect, Painter,
Sculptur, Educator, Linguist, Musician,
Naturalist, Ethnologist, Suveyor, Engineer,
Farmer, Businessman, Economist, Geographer,
Cartographer, Bibliophile, Philologist,
Grammarian, Folklorist, Philosopher,
Translator, Inventor, Magician, Humorist,
Satirist, Polemicist, Sportsman, Traveler and
Prophet.
THE BIRTH OF A HERO
• June 19, 1861 – Birthdate of Jose Rizal
• Born in Calamba Laguna Province
• June 22, 1861 – He was baptized in the
Catholic church of his town at the age of 3 days
old.
• Father Rufino Callantes – Priest who
baptized rizal
• Father Pedro Cansañas – Rizal’s Godfather
RIZAL’S PARENTS
• Francisco Mercado Rizal
• Born on May 11, 1818
• Born in Biñan, Laguna
• Studied Latin and Philosophy at the
College of San Jose in Manila
• Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the
age of 80
• Teodora Alonzo Realonda
• Born on November 09,1826
• Educated at the College of Santa Rosa,
a well-known college for girls
• Died in Manila on August 16,1911 at the
age of 85
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
• Oldest of the Rizal children ; nickname
Neneng
2. Paciano (1851-1930)
• Older brother and confident of Jose
Rizal; Pilosopo Tasio in Noli Me Tangere
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) • Pet name; Sisa
4. Olimpia (1855-1887) • Pet name; Ypia
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
• Married Mariano Herbosa , who died of
cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial
because he was a brother in law of Dr. Jose
Rizal
6. Maria (1859-1945) • Nicknamed Biang
7. Jose (1861-1896) • The Greatest Filipino
Hero and Peerless Genius; nickname Pepe
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
• She died of sickness at the age of 3; her
death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
• Pet name Panggoy; died an old maid at
the age of 80
10.Trinidad (1868-1951)
• Pet name Trining; died an old maid at
the age of 83
11.Soledad (1870-1929)
• Youngest of the Rizal children; pet name
Cholen
RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
Paternal Side
• Domingo Lamco
- Great-great grandfather of Rizal
- A Chinese immigrant from Changchow
- He was married to a Chinese Christian girl
of Manila named Ines de la Rosa
- In 1731, he adopts the name Mercado
• Francisco Mercado - Domingo Lamco’s son;
married Cirila Bernacha
• Juan Mercado - Francisco’s son; married to
Cirila Alejandro
• Francisco Mercado
- Youngest son of Juan Mercado
- Rizal’s Father
-Married to Teodora Alonzo Realonda
Maternal Side
• Eugenio Ursua
- Great-great grandfather of Rizal
- Japanese Ancestry
- He was married to a Filipina name
Benigna
• Lakandula - Descendant; Last native King of
Tondo
• Regina -Daughter of Eugenio, Married to
Manuel de Quinto (Filipino-Chinese Lawyer)
• Brigida - Daughter of Regina - Married to
Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo (Spanish-Filipino)
• Teodora Alonzo
- Daughter of Brigida
- Rizal’s Mother
- Married to Francisco Mercado
THE RIZAL HOME
• A 2-storey building, rectangular in shape,
built of adobe stones and hardwoods and
roofed with red tiles.
• Was one of the distinguished stones houses
in Calamba, Laguna during Spanish Times.
• Behind the house were poultry yard full of
turkeys and chickens and a big garden of
tropical fruit trees.
• By day, it hummed with the noises of children
at play and the songs of the birds in the
garden.
• By night, it echoed with dulcet notes of
family prayers.
A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY
 • Principilia - A town aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines was one of the distinguished families
in Calamba, Laguna.
• Carriage - A status symbol of the Illustrados
in Spanish Philippines
• Private Library - The largest in Calamba;
consisted of more than 1000 volumes
• They sent their children to the Colleges in
Manila
• From the farms, which were rented from the
Dominicans, they harvested rice, corn, and
sugarcane. They raised pigs, chickens, and
turkeys in their backyard.
• They managed a general good store and
operated a small flour-mill and a home-made
ham press
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2 discusses Rizal’s early memories he
had growing up in which ultimately shaped his
character and principles that contributed to his
roles as a scholar, as a writer and as a
revolutionary.
Scared off by the adults with the nunos and
tikbalangs and even the bearded bombays to
take him and his family -- this would happen
whenever he would try and be picky with his
food.
Jose Rizal was very fond of his sister
Conception and gave her the nickname
Concha. He mourned deepy when Concha died
when he was just three.
At the early age of three, Jose participated in
family prayers.
By five, he was reading the family bible was
teased and called Manong Jose (Old Jose for
going to church too much
June 6, 1868 - Jose and his father went to the
Shrine of the Virgin, in Antipolo
Rizal had a god-given talent for the arts; he
was bright as he was creative.
Skilled in brush, chisel and pen-knife as he had
made numerous wax, clay and wooden figures.
His first teacher was his mother; and he was
collaboratively taught by his siblings and uncles.
Jose had three uncles that taught him significant
lessons that shaped him as the hero we know
today.
• Uncle Gregorio who shared with Jose
the same love for books; taught him
observe things keenly and he must think
for himself.
• Uncle Manuel who was a big, strong and
husky man; taught him to learn
swimming, fencing, wrestling and other
sports so that he would acquire agility,
endurance and strength.
• Uncle Jose taught to paint, sketch and
sculpt; was able to reveal his talent for
the arts, as even before he could read,
he could already sketch various pictures
of birds, fruits, flowers, animals and the
such.
Jose had a black dog, Usman; would take him
with in his long walks in the meadows and
lakeshores.
His first known poem was Sa Aking Mga
Kababata.
Before he was 8 years old, he wrote a Tagalog
drama, staged in Calamba in connection with
the town fiesta.
CHAPTER 3- RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION
Dr. Jose P. Rizal is a gifted student, as
quoted by many, he had the desire and courage
to learn which led to his early education under
the 4Rs Curriculum (reading, writing,
arithmetic, and religion) that took place in the
province of Laguna, specifically in Calamba
and Biñan.
At 3 years old, Rizal’s first teacher was
his mother, Dona Teodora, who taught him the
alphabet and prayers. Dona Teodora’s way of
teaching, as stated by Zaide (n.d.), was kind,
compassionate and patient where she utilized
the method of linking stories to the alphabet so
pRizal could easily memorize it.
At the aged of 8, Rizal was encouraged
by his mother to pursue poetry where he
composed “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” which is
eminent line of “Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling
wika, daig pa ang malansang isda”
As Rizal grew up his parents, Dona
Teodora and Francisco Mercado decided to hire
private tutors for him namely, Meastro
Celestino, Meastro Lucas Padua and Leon
Monroy. Meastro Claestro his initial tutor before
replaced by Meatro Lucan Padua tutored Rizal
to improve his education. While Leon Monroy,
his father former classmate, taught him Latin
and Spanish and five months after he passed
away.
So, in June 1869, Rizal’s went to Binan
to continue his studies accompanied by his
brother Paciano and he stayed at his aunt’s
home in Binan, Alberto Mansion, located at
Poblacion Binan Laguna, Plaza Rizal. In 1870-
1871, Rizal received his formal education with
Meastro Justiniano Aquino Cruz at a private
all-boys school in Meastro’s Nipa Hut at Binan,
School of Rizal, located at Gen. Capinpin
Street, Poblacion, Binan, Laguna, where he
learned Latin and Spanish.
Rizal also has his fair share of being an
ordinary schoolboy as he was involved in
school brawls. His first brawl was with his
teacher’s son, Pedro because he wasn’t
particularly a fan of Rizal’s intelligence so he
bullied and taunted Rizal that led to a duel
which Rizal won because he was taught by his
uncle Manuel the art of wrestling. The second
brawl was with his classmate, Andres
Salandanan, who challenged Rizal to an arm-
wrestling that Rizal lost. Rizal’s school brawls
did not end there, he was still engaged in battles
with the lads of Binan. Rizal usually received 5-
6 blows while laid out on a bench.
Rizal daily life in Binan.
1. Hears mass at 4:00 am or studies lesson at
that hour before going to mass
2. Goes to the orchard to look for a mabolo to
eat
3. Breakfast: rice and 2 dried small fish
4. Goes to class until 10:00 am and goes home
for lunch
5. Goes back to school at 2:00 pm and comes
out at 5:00 pm
6. Pray with cousins and returns home
7. Studies lesson and draw a little
8. Supper: 1 or 2 rice with ana ayungin
9. Pray again and if there’s a moon, plays with
cousins.
Since Rizal was a gifted student, he also
has a keen eye for arts where he frequently
visited Juancho, a painter near the school who
is also the father-in-law of his teacher, that
taught him to draw and paint. As Juancho saw
the potential in Rizal, he became his apprentice
along with Jose Guevarra, Rizal’s friend. They
were the “class favorite painters” due to the
apprentice program of Juancho.
In academics, Rizal was an
outstanding student in his class where he beat
all his classmates in many subjects that steered
to jealousy with him and the class. When
Rizal was involved with brawls at school his
classmates would tell their teacher immediately
which gave a bad image for Rizal specifically
blamed him and then he would be punished.
In 1870, before the Christmas season,
Rizal received a letter from Saturnina, his sister,
telling him to go to the pier and rode the
ship/streamer named Talim to bring him
back to Calamba. With that Rizal knew that he
wouldn’t be able to come back to Binan so
before departing he went to church to pray, go
to the riverside to get some pebbles, and went
to school to say goodbye.
December 17, 1870, Rizal left Binan
after studying a year and a half to ride a ship and
go back to Calamba. He was hesitant to come
on board because it was his first time riding a
ship, but he has company and take care of him,
Arturo Camps, his father’s friend.
On February 17, 1872, great sadness
was brought to the Rizal family when Father
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora was wrongly accused of being the
most active member of an association against
the Spanish government (Cavite Munity- Jan 20,
1872), where they were executed by the
command of Governor General Izquidero.
Another tragedy struck the Rizal Family,
before June 1872, Dona Teodora, his mother,
and her brother Jose Alberto, a rich
illustrado, got arrested. Due to the reason that
Jose Alberto found out his wife left his home and
children for another man. Jose Alberto insisted
on filing a divorce, which was disagreed by
Dona Teodora thinking they could still save the
family. It did go well but eventually; Jose
Alberto’s wife filed a case in court with the
involvement of Spanish Lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil, Antonio Vivencio del Rosario,
who had anger against their family, and
stated that Jose and Teodora tried to poison
her.
Spanish Lieutenant of the Guardia
Civil arrested Dona Teodora and forced her
to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz
(Provincial Jail in Laguna), 50-kilometer
distance, where she was imprisoned and
suffered for two and a half year. With the most
famous lawyers, Don Francisco de Mercaida
and Don Manuel Mazano defended Dona
Teodora until she was cleared of her alleged
crime by Manila Royal Audencia (Supreme
Court).
CHAPTER 4: Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo
de Manila (1872-1877)
• Jose Rizal was sent to manila four months
after martyrdom of GOMBURZA
• He studied in the Ateneo de manila
Municipal under Spanish Jesuits
ATENEO MUNICIPAL
• Bitter rival of the Dominican owned college
of San Juan de Letran
• Formerly Escuela Pia (charity School)
• In 1859, name was change to Ateneo
municipal by the Jesuits
RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO
• June 10, 1872 Jose, Accompanied by
Paciano, they went to Manila to take entrance
examinations on Christian doctrine,
arithmetic, and reading at San Juan de Letran
• Francisco Mercado wished him to study in
San Juan de Letran and suddenly change his
mind
• Fr. Magin Ferrando – a college registrar in
Ateneo municipal refuse to admit jose Rizal
• Manuel Xeres Burgos – Nephew of father
Magin Ferrando, upon his intercession, jose
rizal was finally admitted to Ateneo municipal
• Jose used Rizal instead of “Mercado” had
come under suspicion of Spanish authorities
• Boarded in a house on Carbalio street ,
owned by titay.
JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
• Jesuit trained the character of the student
by rigid discipline, humanities, and religious
instruction.
• The student heard mass in the morning
before the beginning of the class.
• Students were divided into 2 groups:
Roman empire-consisting of the internos
with red banners and cartaginan empire/
compose of externos with blue banners.
• Ateneo student’s uniform is consisted of
“hemp/fabric trousers” and “striped cotton
coat” was called rayadillo.
• Each these empires had its rank. Student’s
fought for positions. Any students can
challenge any officer in his “empire”. To
answer question on the day’s lesson. With
three mistakes opponents could lose his
position
1st best: emperor
2nd best: tribune
3rd best: Decurion
4th best: centurion
5th best: standard bearer
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-
1873)
• June 1872/ first day of class in Ateneo
• Fr. Jose Bech/ first professor of Rizal
• Rizal was place at the bottom of the class
since he was a newcomer and knows little
Spanish.
• Took private lessons in Sta. Isabel college
and paid 3 pesos foe extra Spanish lessons.
• Placed 2nd at the end of the year. All his
grades marked Excellent.
SUMMER VACATION (1873-1874)
• March 1873 – Rizal returned to calamba
for summer vacation
• His sister neneng (Saturnina) brough him
to Tanawan to cheer him up
• Visiting his mother in Sta. Cruz laguna
without telling his father
• After vacation he returned into manila for
his 2 nd year term in Ateneo
• Boarded inside intramuros at No. 8
Magallanes Street.
• Dona Pepay – landlady and the old
widow with a widowed daughter and four
son
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
• RIzal Lost leadership but he repented
• He became an emperor
• He receive gold medal and excellent
grades
• He had 3 classmates from binan who had
also been his classmates in the school of
Maestro Justiniano
PROPHECY OF MOTHER’S RELEASE
• Dons told her about her dreams. Rizal
interpreting the dream and told her she
would be release in prison in 3 months.
• Dona Teodora likened his son to the
youthful Joseph in the bible.
TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING
• The count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
Dumas – Rizal’s favorite novel
• Read nonfiction, Cesar Cantu’s historical
work universal history .
• He also read travels in the Philippines
by Dr. Feodor Jagor, German who visited
the Philippines in 1859 – 1860.
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874 – 1875)
• Shortly after the opening of classes, His
mother was released in Prison
• Rizal did not make an excellent
showing in his studies
• He failed to win the medal in Spanish
because he is not fluently sonorous.
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875 – 1876)
• June 16, 1875 he became an interno in
Ateneo
• Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez –
inspired him to study harder and write
poetry.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876 – 1877)
• June 1876 Rizal’s last year in Ateneo
• The most Briliant Atenean of his time, “The
Pride of Jesuits”
GRADUATION WITH HIGHEST HONORS
• Excellent Scholastic records from 1872 –
1877
• On March 23, 1877, 16 year old, rizal
received his degree of Bachelor in Arts with
highest honors.
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
• Carved an image of Virgin Mary
• Fr. Lleonart request him to carve an image
of Sacred Heart of Jesus.
RIZAL POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
(1876)
• Mi Primera Inspiracion - 1 st poem he
wrote for his mother’s birthday
• Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblu (In Memory of
my Town) • Alianza Intima Entre la Region
 Y la Buena Education (Intimate alliance
between religion and good education)
• Por la educacion Recibe Lustre La
Patria (Through education the country
receive light)
RIZAL’S RELIGIOUS POEMS
• Al Nino Jesus ( The child Jesus)
• A la Virgen Maria (To the virgin Mary)
DRAMATIC WORKS AT ATENEO
• Fr. Sanchez ask him to write drama based
on the prose story of St. Eustace the
Martyr
• Summer 1876 in Calamba Laguna he
wrote religious drama in Poetic verses.
• June 02, 1876, he finish the manuscript
• San Estacio, Martir. (St. Eustace the
Martyr)to Fr. Sanchez in his last Academic
Year in Ateneo .
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL
• 16 years old rizal experienced his first
romance
• Segunda Katigbak a 14 year old
Batanguena from LIpa, Sister of his friend
Mariano Katigbak
• His Sister Olimpia was a close friend of
Segunda in La Concordia College
• Segunda was already engaged to Manuel
Luz
• Segunda returned to Lipa and later on
married to Manuel Luz, Rizal remained in
Calamba, a frustrated lover cherishing
nostalgic memories of lost love.
KABANATA 5: PAG-AARAL NG MEDISINA
SA UNIBERSIDAD NG SANTO TOMAS
(1877-82)
UNIBERSIDAD NG SANTO TOMAS
(DINAGLAT BILANG UST)
• Ang Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas o
Pamantasan ng Santo Tomas sa
Maynila.
• Pinakamatandang unibersidad sa
Pilipinas at Asia.
• Itinatag noong taong 1611 ng isang
Dominikano na si Miguel de Benavides,
Arsobispo ng Maynila kasama sina
Domingo de Nieva at Bernardo de Santa
Catalina.
• Unang tinawag sa pangalang Colegio
Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario at
bilang pag gunita sa Dominikano na si
Santo Tomas de Aquino kalaunan ay
pinangalanan itong Colegio de Santo
Tomás.
• Taong 1645 nang itinaas ni Inocencio X
ang Colegio de Santo Tomás bilang
isang Pamantasan.
• “Ang Pontipikal at Maharlikang
Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas, ang
Pamantasang Katoliko ng Pilipinas” ang
buong pangalan ng Pamantasan
• Ipinagkaloob ni Carlos III ang titulong
“Maharlikang Pamantasan” dahil sa
pinakitang katapangan at katapatan ng
mga estudyante laban sa paglusob ng
mga Inglatera sa Maynila.
• "Pontipikal na Pamantasan" naman ang
iginawad ni León XIII sa Pamantasan
noong 1902.
• "Ang Pamantasang Katoliko ng Pilipinas"
ay ipinagkaloob ni Pío XII sa taong 1974.
• Ang Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas ang
pinakamalaking pamantasang katoliko
sa buong mundo base sa bilang ng mag-
aaal dito.
JOSE RIZAL SA UNIBERSIDAD NG SANTO
TOMAS
• Ang planong pagpasok ni Rizal sa
unibersidad ay tinutulan ng kaniyang ina
dahilan sa pagkakaroon nito ng
maraming kaalaman ay nanganganib
ang buhay ni Rizal.
• Sa kabila ng pagtutol ng kaniyang ina si
Rizal ay isinama ni Paciano sa Maynila
para mag-aral.
• Datapuwá't bigo sa unang pag-ibig si
Rizal, hindi ito nakaapekto sa kanyang
pag-aaral sa Unibersidad ng Santo
Tomas.
• Noong Abril 1877 nagpatala para mag-
aral si Rizal sa Unibersidad ng Santo
Tomas.
• Pilosopia Y Letra ang unang kurso ni
Rizal sa UST (1877-1878).
• Pagkaraan ng isang taon, lumipat sa
kursong Medisina si Rizal.
• Sa unang semestre ng taong 1877-78 si
Rizal din ay nag-aral sa kursong perito
agrimensor sa Ateneo.
• Sa ikalawang Semestre ng nasabing
taon ay natanggap ni Rizal ang sulat ni
Padre Pablo Ramon SJ na nagpapayo
sa kaniya na kumuha ng Medisina.
Kinuha ni Rizal ang kurso dahilan sa
kaniyang pagnanais na magamot ang
kaniyang ina.
Si Rizal ay nagkaroon ng relasyon sa mga
sumusunod na babae:
1. Binibining L. – isang babae na
taga Calamba na laging
dinadalaw ni Rizal sa gabi sa
panahon ng bakasyon na umuwi
siya mula Maynila na bigo kay
Segunda Katigbak.
2. Leonor Valenzuela (orang) –
kapitbahay ng inuupahang bahay
ni Rizal. Kaniya itong
pinadadalhan ng sulat sa
pamamagitan ng hindi nakikitang
tinta.
3. Leonor Rivera – pinsan ni Rizal at
anak ng kaniyang inuupahang
 bahay. Sa kanilang pagsusulatan
ay ginagamit ni Leonor ang
pangalang Taimis.
• Si Rizal ay naging biktima ng isang
opisyal na Espanyol noong 1878. Si Rizal
ay pinalo ng sable sa likod ng nasabing
opisyal.
A La Juventud Filipina (Para sa Kabataang
Pilipino).
• Noong 1879, si Rizal ay lumahok sa
paligsahan ng Liceo Artistico-Literario.
Sa nasabing paligsahan ay nanalo ng
unang gantimpala ang kaniyang tulang
sinulat na may pamagat na A La
Juventud Filipina (Para sa Kabataang
Pilipino). Ang naturang paligsahan ay
para lamang sa mga Pilipino.
El Consejo de los Dioses (Konseho ng mga
Diyos)
• Noong 1880, si Rizal ay lumahok sa
paligsahan ng Liceo Artistico-Literario
ukol bilang pag-paparangal sa ika-400
taon ng kamatayan ni Miguel de
Cervantes. Sa nasabing paligsahan ang
kaniyang ginawang akda na may
pamagat na El Consejo de los Dioses
(Konseho ng mga Diyos) ay nanalo ng
unang gantimpla. Ang paligsahan ay
bukas sa mga Pilipino at Espanyol.
Sa Tabi ng Pasig
• “Sa Tabi ng Pasig” - Ang Sarswelang
ginawa ni Rizal na itinanghal noong
pista ng Immaculada Concepcion ng
mga Atenista.
A Filipinas
• “A Filipinas” Sonatang sinulat niya para
sa album ng Samahan ng mga Eskultor.
Compañerismo
• Kampeon ng mga Estudyante – Nagtayo
sina Rizal ng isang samahan na
tinatagwag na Compañerismo sa layunin
na ipagtanggol ang kanilang sarili laban
sa mga pang-iinsulto ng kanilang mga
kamag-aral na Espanyol.
Hindi naging masaya si Rizal sa UST bunga
ng mga sumusunod na kadahilanan;
1. Galit sa kaniya ang mga guro ng
UST.
2. Minamaliit ang mga mag-aaral na
Pilipino ng mga Espanyol.
• May 17 - the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
3. Makaluma ang sistema ng
pagtuturo sa UST.
CHAPTER 6: IN SUNNY SPAIN (1882-1885)
I. RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION
• To observe keenly the life and
culture, languages and customs,
industries, commerce and
government and laws of the
European Nations in order to
prepare himself in the mighty task
of liberating of oppressed people
Spanish tyranny.
• Approval of his older brother
Paciano
• Rizal has no permission and
blessings to his parents.
II. SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN
• The people who know Rizal will go
to Spain:
➢ Older brother – Paciano
➢ His uncle – Antonio Rivera, father of
Leonor Rivera
➢ His sisters – Neneng and Lucia
➢ Valenzuela family – Capitan Juan,
Capitana Sanday and their daughter
Orang
➢ Pedro A. Paterno
➢ Mateo Evangelista – his compadre
➢ Ateneo Jesuit fathers
➢ Some inmate friends, including
Chengoy – Jose M. Cecilio
• Jose Mercado – the name he
used; a cousin from Biñan.
• May 3, 1882 – Rizal departed on
board the Spanish streamer
Salvador bound for Singapore.
III. SINGAPORE
• The only Filipino to board the streamer
with 16 passengers, the rest was
Spaniards, British, and Indian Negroes.
• Captain Donato Lecha – ship captain
from Asturias, Spain, befriended him.
• May 08, 1882 – he saw a beautiful
island; he remembered “Talim Island
with the Susong Dalaga”
• May 09 – the Salvadora docked at
Singapore.
• Hotel de la Paz – Rizal registered here
and spent two days sightseeing on a
soiree of the city.
IV. FROM SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
• May 11 - Rizal transferred to
another ship Djemnah, a French
streamer.
• Among these passengers were
British, French, Dutch Spaniards,
Malays, Siamese, and Filipinos
(Mr. & Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente
Pardo, and Jose Rizal)
seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka). Rizal was unimpressed by this town;
he said it is “picturesque but lonely and quiet
and at the same time sad.”
• Colombo – the capital of Ceylon;
Rizal wrote on his diary “Colombo
is more beautiful, smart and
 elegant than Singapore, Point
Galle and Manila”.
V. FIRST TRIP THROUGH SUEZ CANAL
• From Colombo, Djemnah
continued the voyage crossing the
Indian Ocean to the Cape of
Guardaful, Africa, and then a
stopover on Aden. From Aden,
Djemnah proceeded to the city of
Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the
Suez Canal. It took five days to
traverse the Suez Canal. At Port
Said, the Mediterranean terminal
of the Suez Canal, Rizal landed,
and he was fascinated to hear the
multi-racial inhabitants speaking a
babel of tongues – Arabic,
Egyptian, Greek, French, Italian,
Spanish, etc.
• Rizal sighted the barren coast of
Africa which he called an
“inhospitable land but famous”.
• Aden – hotter than manila; he was
amused to see the camels.
• Ferdinands de Lesseps (French
diplomat-engineer) – built the
Suez Canal, inaugurated on Nov.
17, 1869.
VI. NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
• June 11 – Rizal reached Naples.
• June 12 – the streamer docked at
the French harbor of Marseilles.
He visited the famous Chateau
d’if, where Dantes, hero of The
Count of Monte Cristo, was
imprisoned.
• Stayed 2 ½ days at Marseilles.
VII. BARCELONA
• May 15 – Rizal left Marseilles.
• June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached
Barcelona, the greatest city of
Cataluña and Spain’s 2nd largest
city.
• Rizal’s first impression of
Barcelona: ugly with dirty little inns
and inhospitable residents.
• Second Impression: a great city,
with an atmosphere of freedom
and liberalism, and its people
were open-hearted, hospitable,
and courageous.
• Las Ramdas – most famous
street in Barcelona
VIII. “AMOR PATRIO’’
• “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) –
nationalistic essay; his first article
written on Spain’s soil.
• Basilio Teodoro Moran –
publisher of Diariong Tagalog, first
Manila bilingual newspaper
(Spanish and Tagalog).
• It was under Rizal’s pen name:
Laong Laan.
• Printed in Diariong Tagalog on
August 20, 1882.
• Published in two texts – Spanish
(originally written by Rizal in
Barcelona) and Tagalog (made by
M.H. del Pilar).
• “Los Viajes” (Travels) – second
article for Diariong Tagalog
• “Revista de Madrid” (review of
Madrid) – third article; wrote in
Madrid on Nov. 29, 1882; returned
to him because the Diariong
Tagalog had ceased publication
due to lack of funds.
IX. MANILA MOVES TO MADRID
• September 15, 1882 – Rizal
received a letter from Paciano.
According to the letter, cholera
was ravaging Manila and the
provinces.
• Sad news from Chengoy, Leonora
Rivera was unhappy and getting
thinner because of the absence of
a loved one.
• In one of his letters (dated May 26,
1882) Paciano advised Rizal to
finish his medical course in
Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish
himself in Madrid.
X. LIFE IN MADRID
• November 3, 1882 – Rizal
enrolled in the Unversidad
Central de Madrid (Central
University of Madrid in 2 courses:
Medicine and Philosophy and
Letters.
• Academy of Fine Arts of San
Fernando – school where he
studied painting and sculpture.
• Hall of Arms of Sanz y
Carbonell – place where
practiced Rizal fencing and
shooting.
• Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – former
city mayor of Manila; promoted
vice-president of the Council of
the Philippines in the Ministry of
Colonies (Ultramar).
XI. ROMANCE WITH CONSUELO ORTIGA
Y PEREZ
• Consuelo – prettiest daughter of
Don Pablo fell in love with Rizal.
• A La Señorita C. O. y P. (To Miss
C. O. y P.) – a lovely poem he
composed on August 22, 1883
dedicated to Consuelo.
• He backed out into a serious affair
because (1) he was still engaged
to Leonor Rivera and (2) his friend
and co-worker in the Propaganda
 Movement, Eduardo de Lete,
was madly in love with Consuelo.
XII. “THEY ASK ME FOR VERSES”
• 1882 – Rizal joined the Circulo
Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-
Philippine Circle), a society of
Spaniards and Filipinos.
• “Me Piden Versos” (They Ask
Me For Verses) – personally
declaimed during New Year’s Eve
reception of the Madrid Filipinos
held on December 31, 1882.
XIII. RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS
• Señor Roces – owner of store
where Rizal purchased 2nd
handbooks.
• Rizal was deeply affected by
Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s
Cabin” and Eugene Sue’s “The
Wandering Jew”.
XIV. RIZAL’S FIRST VISIT TO PARIS
• June 17 to August 20, 1883 –
sojourning in gay capital of
France.
• Hotel de Paris – where he first
billeted on 37 Rue de Maubange.
• Latin Quarter – where he moved;
cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de
Rennes.
XV. RIZAL AS A MASON
• March 1883 – joined the Masonic
lodge called “Acacia” in Madrid.
• Reason for becoming a mason: to
secure Freemasonry’s aid in his
fight against the friars in the
Philippines.
• Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) –
where he became a Master
Mason by Le Grand Orient de
France in Paris.
• “Science, Virtue and Labor” – only
Masonic writing.
• Very active in Masonic affairs:
M.H. del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena,
And Mariano Ponce.
XVI. FINANCIAL WORRIES
• After Rizal’s departure for Spain,
things turned from bad to worse in
Calamba. Due to hard times in
Calamba, the monthly allowances
of Rizal in Madrid were late in
arrival and there were times they
never arrived. On June 24, 1884,
a touching incident in Rizal’s life
occurred; with an empty stomach,
he attended his class at the
university, participated in the
contest in Greek language and
won the gold medal. In the
evening, he was able to eat
dinner. For he was a guest
speaker in a banquet held in honor
of Juan Luna and Felix
Resurrection Hidalgo at
Restaurant Ingles, Madrid.
XVII. RIZAL’S SALUTE TO LUNA AND
HIDALGO
• June 25, 1884 – the banquet was
sponsored by the Filipino
community.
• Luna’s Spolarium won first prize
and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Populace second
prize in the National Exposition of
Fine Arts in Madrid.
XVIII. RIZAL INVOLVED IN STUDENT
DEMONSTRATIONS
• November 20, 21, and 22, 1884 –
Madrid exploded in bloody riots by
the students of the Central
University.
• Dr. Miguel Morayta – professor of
history; these student
demonstrations were caused by
his address “the freedom of
science and the teacher”.
• The appointment of the new
Rector intensified the fury of the
student demonstrators.
XIX. STUDIES COMPLETED IN SPAIN
• June 21, 1884 – degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
• Did not present the thesis required
for graduation nor paid the
corresponding fees, he was not
awarded his doctor’s diploma.
• June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday)
– degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
KABANATA 7: PARIS PATUNGONG BERLIN
(1885-1886)
I. Paris (Nobyembre 1885 - Pebrero 1886)
Pagtapos ng pag-aaral ni Rizal sa Central
University of Madrid, siya at tumungo sa Paris
upang magpakadalubhasa sa optalmolohiya
upang maggamot ang mata ng kaniyang ina.
Nobyembre 1885, nakarating si Rizal sa Paris
at naglingkod bilang katulong ni Dr. Louis de
Weckert, ang pangunahing optalmolohista ng
Paris, nanatili dito si Rizal mula hanggang
Pebrero 1886.
Pagkatapos ng mga gawain sa klinika ni Dr.
Weckert, nakapag pahinga si Rizal sa
pamamagitan ng pagbisita sa mga kaibigan nya
na sina:
▪ Trinidad, Felix, at Paz Pardo de Tavera
 ▪ Juan Luna
▪ Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
Sa estudyo ni Luna, ginugugol ni Rizal ang
maraming maliligayang oras.
Nakikipagtalakayan
siya kay Luna ng mga suliranin sa sining at
paghusay niya ang sariling teknik sa pagpinta.
- Naging modelo ni Luna si Rizal sa kanyang
mga piyesa, gaya ng “Death of Cleopatra” at
“Blood Compact”
Rizal bilang musikero, tumugtog sya ng plauta
sa pagtitipon ng mga Pilipino sa Paris.
Mga awit na sinulat ni Rizal:
1. “Alin Mang Lahi” - makabayang awitin na
nagpapahayag ng mithiing kalayaan alin mang
lahi.
2. “La Deportasyon” - isang malungkot na
danza na nilikha niya sa Dapitan noon siya’y
ipinatapon sa Dapitan.
II. Heidelberg
Pebrero 1, 1886, pagkatapos ng kanilang
gawain sa Paris si Rizal ay nagtungo sa
Alemanya upang ipagpatuloy ang kanyang
pag-aaral sa optalmolohiya.
Pebrero 3,1886, binisita ni Rizal ang ang
lungsod ng Heidelberg. Nanirahan siya sa
isang boarding house na tinitirhan ng mga mag-
aaral ng abogasya. Naglingkod si Rizal bilang
katulong sa klinika ni Dr. Otto Becker, isang
kilalang doktor ng optalmolohiya sa Alemanya.
A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of
Heidelberg), tulang sinulat ni Rizal sa
kagandahan ng mga bulaklak ng Heidelberg
noong Abril 22, 1886.
III. Wilhelmsfeld
Wilhelmsfeld, isang bayang bakasyunan sa
Alemanya kung saan nanirahan si Rizal ng
tatlong buwan.
Dr. Karl Ulmer, isang butihing protestanteng
pastor na tinigilan ni Rizal habng siya ay
nagbabakasyon sa Wilhelmsfeld.
IV. Unang liham kay Blumentritt
Hulyo 31,1886, isinulat ni Rizal ang unang
niyang liham sa wikang Aleman kay Professor
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Direktor ng Ateneo ng
Leitmeritz, Austria.
Propesor Ferdinand Blumentritt, Direktor ng
Ateneo ng Leitmeritz, Austria na interesado
sapag-aaral ng diyalekto ng Pilipinas. Sinabi ni
Rizal na magpapadala sya ng aklat ng ating
wika.
Artimetica, inilathala sa dalawang wika -
Espanyol at Tagalog ng Limbagan ng
Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas noong 1868. Ang
awtor ay si Rufino Baltazar Baltazar Hernandez,
katutubo ng Santa Cruz, Laguna.
Namangha is Blumentritt sa liham na isinulat ni
Rizal, kaya’t pinadalhan niya si Rizal ng
dalawang libro.
V. Leipzig
Agosto 14,1886, narating ni Rizal ang Leipzig.
Dumalo siya ng mga panayam tungkol sa
kasaysayan at sikolohiya ng Unibersidad ng
Leipzig.
Naging miyembro si Rizal ng Anthropological
Society, Ethnological Society and Geographical
Society of Berlin.
Naging kaibigan ni Rizal sa Leipzig:
• Propesor Friedrich Ratzel, isang bantog
na mananalaysay sa Aleman.
• Dr. Hans Meyer, isang Alemang
anttopolohista.
Mga isinalin ni Rizal sa Leipzig:
• William Tell ni Schiller, kwento tungkol sa
kampeon ng kasarinlan ng mga Swisa.
• Fary Tales ni Haris Christian Anderson,
para sa kanyang mga pamangkin.
Nanirahan si Rizal sa Leipzig sa loob ng
dalawang buwan, at nagtrabaho siya bilang
proof reader sa isang limbagan kaya kumita rin
sya ng kaunting salapi.
Oktubre 29,1886, umalis si Rizal patungong
Dresden at doon ay nakilala niya is Dr. Adolph
B. Meyer isang direktor ng Museo Antropohikal
at Etnolohikal. Nobyembre 1, 1886, nilisan niya
nag Dresden.
VI. Ang pagtanggap kay Rizal sa Berlin’s
Scientific Circle
Berlin, nahalina si Rizal sa Berlin dahil dito ay
maunlad ang larangan ng siyensya.
Sa unang pagkakataon nakilala nya si Dr.
Feodor Jagor ang awtor ng Travels in the
Philippines.
Pinatunayan ni Rizal ang kanyang malawak na
kaalaman sa siyensya at ito ay kinilala ng mga
siyentipiko. Siya ang unang Asyano na
nabigyan ng ganitong pagkilala.
VII. Buhay ni Rizal sa Berlin
Nanirahan siya sa Alemanya dahil gusto nyang:
• Mapalawak ang kanyang kaalaman sa
optalmolohiya.
• Mapaunlad ang kanyang pag-aaral sa
mga agham at wika.
 • Obserbahan ang kalagayang politikal at
ekonomiko ng bansang Alemanya.
• Makipagkilala sa mga bantog na
Alemang siyentipiko at iskolar.
• Mailathala ang kanyang nobela, Noli Me
Tangere.
- Sa umaga, nagtrabaho si Rizal sa klinka bilang
katulong ni Dr. Schweigger isang
optalmolohistang Aleman.
- Sa gabi, siya ay nag-aaral sa Unibersidad ng
Berlin.
Pananaw ni Rizal sa kababaihang Aleman
Ito ay patungkol sa kanyang kapatid na si
Trinidad noong Marso 11, 1886.
Kababaihang Aleman:
- Seyoso
- Masipag
- Edukado
- Palakaibigan
Mga kaugalian ng mga Aleman
- Tuwing bisperas ng Pasko, pumuputol ng
Pine tree ang mga Aleman at
pinapalamutian
- ito ng mga parol, papel, ilaw, manyika,
kendi, at prutas.
- Ang pagpapakilala sa sarili sa mga
estrahero sa mga pagtitpon.
- Pinakamalungkot na Taglamig ni Rizal
Si Rizal ay nakaranas ng paghihirap dahil
walang nakukuhang pera mula sa Calamba:
- Isinanla niya ang diyamanteng sising ni
Saturnina.
- Hindi siya nakabayad ng renta.
- Isang beses sa isang araw lamang siya
kumain
- Siya ang mismong naglalaba ng kanyang
damit dahil walang pambayad ng
labandera
- Naghinal siya sa pagkakaroon ng
tuberculosis.
Sitwasyon sa Calamba:
- Sinubukan ni Paciano na kumita ng pera.
- Nalugi ang kanilang sa sakahan dulot ng
peste.
- At bumagsak ang presyo ng asukal
CHAPTER 8
NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN
( 1887 )
Two Reasons Why ( 1886 ) Bleak Winter
was Memorable in life of Rizal
• It was a painful episode for Rizal he was
hungry, sick and despondent in a
strange city
• It brought him joy because his first
novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the
Press in March 1887
Ideas of Writing a Novel in the Phillipines
“UNCLE TOM’S CABIN –Authored by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
This book portrays the brutality of American
slave-owner and the pathetic conditions of the
unfortunate Negros slave.
January 2, 1884 – Rizal proposed the writing
novel about the Philippines in the Paterno’s
Brother residence in Madrid
PERSONS THAT ARE PRESENT:
• Pedro
• Maximo Paterno’s Brother
• Antonio
• Evaristo Aguirre
• Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Eduardo De Lete
• Julio Elorente
• Melecio Figueroa
• Valentin Ventura
The Writing of The Noli
1884 - Finished about one half of the novel in
Madrid
1885 – After studying at Central university of
Madrid he finished one and half of the second
half
- Finished the last fourth of the novel in
Germany
April – June 1886 – Rizal wrote the last few
chapters of Noli in Wilhelmsfeld
February 1886 – Dr. Jose Rizal made the final
revisions of his novel Noli
- Rizal was depressed during that time
and almost threw his novel in the fire.
Viola, Savior of the Noli
Dr. Maximo Viola – Friend of Jose Rizal that
belongs to a rich family in San Miguel,
Bulacan
- He wrote a telegram to Rizal
- Financed the printing of Noli
- Rizal delete the full chapter of “Elias
and Salome” Chapter 25 to save
expenses in printing.
February 21, 1887 – Rizal is looking for a shop
who has the cheapest price in printing.
Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft
– give the lowest rate for printing 300 pesos for
2000 copies of the novel.
Rizal Suspected as French Spy
Printing of the Noli Finished
March 21 1887 – Noli Me tangere came of the
press. First copies sent to his friends
• Bluemintritt
• Dr. Antonio
• Ma. Regidor G. Lopez Jaena
• Mariano Ponce
• Felix R Hidalgo
March 28, 1887 – Rizal gave Viola the galley
proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the
Pen that he used in writing
The Title of the Novel
March 5, 1887 – Rizal wrote to Felix Hidalgo
stating the origin of the title of Noli
“NOLI ME TANGERE” are words taken from
the Gospel of St luke which signifies “DO
NOT TOUCH ME”
Rizal made a mistake it should be Gospel of
St John ( Chapter 20, verses 13 17 )
STORY OF THE NOVEL NOLI
The “Noli Me Tangere” Based on the Truth
Unlike many literature works, Noli is a true
story of the Philippine conditions during the last
decades of the Spanish Rule
-The places, the characters are really existed
CHARACTERS:
Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera
Ibarra and Elias – Rizal
Tasio the philosopher – Paciano brother of
Rizal
Padre Salvi – Padre Antonio Piernavieja –
hated agustinian prior in cavite
Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San
Nicolas
Dona Victorina – Dona Agustina Medel
Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo Brothers of
hagonoy
Padre Damaso – Typical domineering friar
who was arrogant, immoral and Anti-Filipino
Rizal’s Friends Praised The Noli
Bluementritt’s letter – was the most
significant congratulatory letter Rizal received.
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor – a Filipino patriot
and lawyer who had been exiled due to his
complicity in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
Wrote to Rizal on May 3, 1887 in London.
Chapter 9: RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF
EUROPE WITH MAXIMO VIOLA (1887)
After the publication of Noli, Rizal planned to
visit important places in Europe. Dr. Maximo
Viola agreed to be his traveling companion.
Rizal received Paciano's remittance of P1000
which was forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris
and immediately paid his debt to Viola which
he loaned so that the Noli could be printed.
First, he and Viola visited Potsdam, a city near
Berlin.
At the dawn of May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola,
left Berlin by train. Spring was an ideal season
for travel. Their destination was in Dresden,
one of the best cities in Germany´.
• Rizal and Viola tarried for some time in
Dresden. They visited Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, who was overjoyed to see them.
• In the Museum of Art, Rizal was deeply
impressed by the painting of
Prometheus Bound.
• They also meet Dr. Jagor during floral
exposition
First Meeting with Blumentritt
• At 1:30 pm on May 15, 1887 the train
arrived at the railroad station of
Leitmeritz.
• Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt was
at the station carrying a pencil sketch of
Rizal which he sent to identify his friend.
• Blumentritt got a room at Hotel Krebs,
after which he brought them to his
house and stayed in Leitmeritz May 13
to 14 1887.
Beautiful Memories at Leitmeritz
• Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of
Blumentritt’s Family
• Rosa - Blumentritt’s wife was a good
cook
• Dolores (Dora, Dorita), Conrad and Fritz
- were nice to them
• Ferdinand - a great tourist guide and
hospitable host
o offered the best beer in bohemia
to his guests
o Introduced Rizal to the
Burgomaster(town mayor) who
was impressed in his
communication skills
Vienna
• Rizal in Italy
• They met Norfenfals, one of the
greatest novelist in that time.
 • They stayed at Hotel Metropole. They
also meet two good friends- MASNER
AND NORDMAN
Danubian Voyage to Lintz
• May 24, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a
river boat to see beautiful sights of the
Danube River.
• As they traveled along the famous river,
Rizal keenly observed river sights.
From Lintz to Rheinfall
• The river voyage ended in Lintz. They
traveled overland to Salzburg, and from
there to Munich
• where they sojourned for a short time to
savor the famous Munich Beer.
NUREMBERG
-one of the oldest city in Germany
- saw the horrible torture machines used in
inquisition
- impressed by the manufacture of dolls
Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland
They stayed from June 2 to 3 1887 and
continued to tour Basel (Bale), Bern, and
Lausanne.
Geneva
• One of the most beautiful cities in
europe
• On June19, 1887, his 26th birthday,
Rizal treated Viola to a blowout
• Rizal and Viola spent fifteen days in
Geneva.
• On June 23, they parted ways. Viola
decided to return to Barcelona while
Rizal continued his tour to Italy.
Rizal Resents Exhibition of Igorots in 1887
Madrid Exposition
• Rizal received sad news from his friends
in Madrid of the deplorable conditions of
the primitive Igorots who were exhibited
in this exposition.
• Some of these Igorots died.
• Rizal was outraged by the degradation
of his fellow countrymen.
Rizal in Italy
• He visited Turin, Milan, Venice and
Florence.
• On June 27, 1887, he reached Rome.
He was thrilled by the sights and
memories of the Eternal City Rome.
• On June 29th, Rizal visited for the first
time the Vatican, the City of the Popes
and the capital of Christendom.
• After a week of staying in Rome, he
prepared to return to the Philippines. He
had already written to his father that he
was coming home.
CHAPTER 10: RIZAL’S FIRST HOME
COMING (1887-1888)
• AFTER 5 YRS IN EUROPE RIZAL
DECIDED TO RETURN BACK IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Because of the publication of the Noli
Me Tangere and the uproar it caused
among the friars, Rizal was warned by
Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-
in-law), Jose M. Cecilio (Chengoy), and
some close friends not to return home.
• On June 19, 1887, Rizal penned a letter
to Blumentritt from Geneva
BUT HE DID NOT HEED THEIR WARNING.
HE WAS DETERMINED TO RETURN TO THE
PHILIPPINES FOR THE FOLLOWING
REASONS:
1. TO OPERATES ON HIS MOTHER’S EYE’S
2. TO SERVE HIS PEOPLE WHO HAD LONG
BEEN OPPRESSED BY SPANISH TYRANT
3. TO FIND OUT FOR HIMSELF HOW THE
NOLI AND HIS OTHER WRITINGS WERE
AFFECTING FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS IN
THE COUNTRY
4. TO FIND OUT WHY LEONOR RIVERA
REMAINED SILENT
TRIP TO MANILA
June 29, 1887 - IN ROME, WROTE TO HIS
FATHER ANNOUNCING HIS HOMECOMING
July 3, 1887- HE BOARDED THE STEAMER
DJEMNAH, THE SAME STREAMER WHO
BROUGHT HIM TO EUROPE FIVE YEARS
AGO.
July 30, 1887 - AT SAIGON, HE
TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER STEAMER
HAIPHONG WHICH WAS MANILABOUND.
August 2- STEAMER LEFT SAIGON FOR
MANILA
August 5- HAIPHONG ARRIVED IN MANILA

ARRIVAL IN CALAMBA (AUG. 08, 1887)
WHILE IN CALAMBA:
• He established a medical clinic.
• “DOCTOR ULIMAN” because he came
from Germany.
• His first patient was his mother.
• He opened a gymnasium for young
people and introduced European sports
to prevent them from cockfighting and
gambling
SAD MOMENTS IN CALAMBA:
• He did not see Leonor Rivera.
• Leonor’s mother did not want him to be
her son-in-law
• Olympia Mercado Ubaldo (his sister)
died due to child birth
A FEW WEEKS AFTER THE ARRIVAL GOV.
GEN EMILIO TERRERO REQUESTED RIZAL
TO COME TO MALACANANG TO TALK
ABOUT HIS NOVEL.
GOV. GEN. EMILIO TERRERO
• Out of curiosity, the governor general
asked the author for a copy
• The Governor had no hate against Rizal
DON JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE
• Bodyguard of Rizal. This lieutenant
belonged to a noble family. He was
cultured knew painting, and could speak
English, French, and Spanish.
• He became Rizal’s Friend
ATTACKERS OF NOLI
• FR. SALVADOR FONT - The head of
the commission said that the novel
contains subversive ideas about the
church and Spain
• ARCHBISHOP PEDRO PAYO- Sent a
copy to UST to examine the novel
• FR. JOSE RODRIGUEZ- Published a
series of eight pamphlets to blast the
Noli and other anti-Spanish writings.
• SPAIN SENATORS- Repercussions of
the storm over the Noli reached Spain. It
was fiercely attacked in the session hall
of the Senate of the Spanish
• VICENTE BARRANTES- Formerly
occupied high government position in
the Philippines, criticized Noli
• UST FACULTY- Think that Noli was
heretical, impious, scandalous in
religious order and anti- patriotic
DEFENDERS OF NOLI
1. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
2. DR. ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR
3. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
4. MARIANO PONCE
5. DON SEGISMUNDO MORET
6. DR. MIGUEL MORAYTA
7. PROFESSOR BLUMENTRITT
Father Francisco De Paula Sanchez
• Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo
• The only Spanish Priest defended and
praised Noli in public
FR. Vicente Garcia- a Filipino Catholic priest-
scholar, theologian of the Manila Cathedral,
and a Tagalog translator of the famous
Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis. wrote
a defense of the Noli
STORM OVER NOLI
• all copies of it were sold out and the
price per copy soared to an
unprecedented level.
• The banning of the Noli only serves to
make it popular
• News about the said book spread
among the masses
• Filipinos get a copies which they
secretly read at night
CALAMBA’S AGRARIAN TROUBLE
• One of the friars estates affected was the
Calamba Hacienda which the
Dominican. In compliance with the
governor general’s orders, the Civil
Governor of Laguna Province directed
the municipal authorities of Calamba to
investigate the agrarian conditions of
their locality
• After a thorough study of the conditions
of Calamba, Rizal wrote down his
findings which tenants and three of the
officials of the hacienda signed on
January 8, 1888. The findings, were
formally submitted to the government for
action.
DECISION TO LEAVE
• His presence was jeopardizing the safety
of his family and friends.
• He could fight better if he was writing in a
foreign countries
• Before He left, He wrote a poem
dedicated to his folks on Lipa entitled
 ‘HYMN TO LABOR’ or “Himno Al
Trabajo”
FEB. 8, 1888- Rizal left for his own good and for
the safety of his family and friends
CHAPTER 11: IN HONG KONG AND MACA0,
1888
• RIZAL WAS FORCED TO LEAVE HIS
COUNTRY FOR A SECOND TIME IN
FEBRUARY 1888.
• THE FIRST TIME HE WENT ABROAD
IN JUNE 1882, HE WAS A MERE LAD
OF 21, A YOUTHFUL STUDENT IN
SEARCH OF WISDOM.
• RIZAL AT 27 WAS AN EMBITTERED
VICTIM OF HUMAN INIQUITIES, A
DISILLUSIONED DREAMER, A
FRUSTATED REFORMER.
TRIP TO HONG KONG
• ON FEBRUARY 3, 1888 AFTER A
SHORT STAY OF SIX MONTHS IN HIS
BELOVED CALAMBA, RIZAL LEFT
MANILA FOR HONG KONG ON
BOARD THE ZAFIRO.
• HE DID NOT GET OFF HIS SHIP
WHEN IT MADED BRIEF STOPOVER
AT AMOY ON FEBRUARY 7.
1. HE WAS NOT FEELING WELL
2.IT WAS RAINING HARD
3.HE HEARD THAT THE CITY WAS DIRTY
• RIZAL WROTE A LETTER TO
BLUMENTRITT, DATED FEBRUARY
16, 1888, EXPRESSING HIS
BITTERNESS.
• IN HONG KONG, RIZAL STAYED AT
VICTORIA HOTEL.
o JOSE MARIA BASA
o BALBINO MAURICIO
o MANUEL YRIARTE (SON OF
FRANCISCO YRIARTE,
ALCALDE MAYOR OF LAGUNA)
• JOSE SAINZ DE VARANDA WHO WAS
A FORMER SECRETARY OF
GOVERNOR GENERAL TERRERO,
SHADOWED RIZAL’S MOVEMENT IN
HONG KONG.
“Hong Kong” wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on
February 16, 1888.
• is a small, but very clean city
• Portuguese, hindus, english, chinese,
and jews live in it.
• the majority of filipinos are those who
had been exiled to the marianas island
in 1872.
• they are poor, gentle, and timid. They
were rich mechanics, industrialists, and
financiers
VISIT TO MACAO
• On february 18 Rizal, accompanied by
basa, boarded the ferry steamer KIU-
KIANG.
• SAINZ DE VARANDA
• RIZAL WROTE IN HIS DIARY “THE
CITY OF MACAO”
1. IS SMALL, LOW, AND GLOOMY
2. THERE ARE MANY JUNKS, SAMPANS
BUT FEW STEAMERS.
3. IT LOOKS SAD AND ALMOST DEAD.
• RIZAL AND BASA STAYED AT THE
HOME OF DON JUAN FRANCISCO
LECAROS.
• RIZAL VISITED THE THEATRE,
CASINO, CATHEDERAL AND
CHURCHES, PAGODAS, BOTANICAL
GARDEN AND BAZAARS.
• FAMOUS “GROTTO OF CAMOENS”,
PORTUGAL’S NATIONAL POET
• FEBRUARY 19, HE WITNESSED A
CATHOLIC PROCESSION SOME
DEVOTEES WERE DRESSED IN
BLUE AND PURPLE DRESSES AND
WERE CARRYING UNLIGHTED
CANDLES.
• FEBRUARY 20, RIZAL AND BASA
RETURNED TO HONGKONG
EXPERIENCES IN HONG KONG
• TWO WEEKS VISIT IN HONGKONG
• RIZAL STUDIED CHINESE LIFE,
LANNGUAGE, DRAMA AND
CUSTOMS
• HE WROTE DOWN IN HIS OWN
DIARY THE FOLLOWINNG
EXPERIENCES
1. NOISY CELEBRATION OF THE
CHEINESE NEW YEAR (FEBRUARY
11TH TO 13TH)
2. BOISTEROUS CHINESE THEATRE
3.THE MARATHON LAURIAT PARTY
4.THE DOMINICIAN ORDER
5. HONG KONG CEMENTERIES
BELONGING TO THE PROTESTANTS,
CATHOLICS AND MUSLIMS
• DEPARTURE FROM HONGKONG ON
FEBRUARY 22, 1888 RIZAL LEFT
 HONG KONG ON BOARD THE
OCEANNIC
• HIS CABINMMATE WAS A BRITISH
PROTESTANT AND RIZALL CALLED
HIM “A GOOD MAN”
CHAPTER 12: ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN
JAPAN (1888)
1. Rizal arrives at Yokohama
2. From Hongkong and Macao to Japan
3. On February 28, 1888. Early in the morning
Rizal Arrived in Yokohama and registered at
The Grand Hotel
RIIZAL IN TOKYO
• Next day Rizal proceeded to Tokyo and
took a room in the Tokyo Hotel, He
stayed from March 2-7, 1888.
• He wrote to Prof. Blumentritt:
“Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The walls
are built in a cyclopean manner. The streets
are large and wide.”
• RIZAL IN TOKYO
• Juan Perez Cabellero (Secretary of the
Spanish legation)
• He visited Rizal at his hotel and invited
him to live at the Spanish legation
RIZAL ACCEPTED THE INVITATION FOR
TWO REASONS:
1. He could economize his living expenses by
staying at the legation.
2. He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes
of the Spanish authorities
Rizal became good friends with Juan Perez
Caballero and wrote a letter to Prof.
Blumentritt, he described the Spanish diplomat
as “a young, fine, and excellent writer” and “an
able diplomat who had travelled much”
DURING HIS 1ST DAY IN TOKYO
• He was embarrased
• Rizal didn’t know Japanese language
• Rizal decided to study the Japanese
language
• He also studied Japanese drama
(Kabuki)
• Japanese art of self-defense (Judo), arts
and music
• He browse in the museums , libraries art
galleries and shrines.
Rizal visited
- MEGURO
- NIKKO
- HAKONE
- MIYANOSHITA
RIZAL AND THE TOKYO MUSICIANS
• As he approached a park, he heard
the band playing classical work of
Strauss
• He was impressed by the
performance of the Western Music
• The band stopped playing and walk
around to rest, and spoke tagalog.
• Rizal ask them in tagalog “Paisano,
taga saan po kayo?”(Compatriot,
where are you from?)
• The musicians were equally surprised
and delighted to meet him
RIZAL’S IMPRESSION IN JAPAN
Things that favorably impressed Rizal in
Japan:
(1) The beauty of the country – its flowers,
mountains, streams and scenic panoramas
(2) The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of
the Japanese people
(3) the picturesque dress and simple charm of
the Japanese woman
(4) There were few thieves so the places were
open day and night
(5) Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets
The one thing Rizal was not in favor of was the
popular mode of transportation by means of
rickshaws drawn by men
ROMANCE WITH O-SEI-SAN
• Rizal learned from a Japanese gardener
that she was Seiko Usui
• A Japanese girl who lived in her parent’s
home
• Used to pass legation during her daily
afternoon walk
• Rizal introduce himself with the aid of
the Japanese gardener
• Seiko Usui replied in English, for she
knew that language and also French
• Rizal called her “O-Sei-San”
• One spring afternoon, a few days after
he had moved to the Spanish legation,
Rizal saw a pretty Japanese girl walking
past the legation gate
 • Rizal was attracted by her regal
loveliness, charm and modesty,
intelligence
• She was also his guide, tutor and
interpreter
• They visited interesting spots of the city
o Imperial Art Gallery
o Imperial Library
o Hibiya parks
o Universities
o Shokobutsu-En (Botanical Garden)
o Picturesque Shrines
• They both found happiness in each
other, Rizal a lonely physician of 27
years old
• O-Sei-San a lonely samurai’s daughter
of 23 years old
• Affinity of interest in the arts paved the
way for their romance
SAYONARA JAPAN
After 45 days in Japan. On April 13, 1888,
Rizal boarded “Belgic” bound for the United
States. His sojourn in Japan was one of the
happiest interludes of his life.
O-Sei-San after Rizal’s departure
• She was broken hearted since Rizal
was the first man who captured his heart
• About 1897, a year after Rizal
Execution, she married Mr. Alfred
Charlton British Chemistry Teacher in
Tokyo.
• The wedlock was blessed by a daughter
named Yuriko
• Yuriko married Yoshiharu Takiguchi,
son of a senator.
• Osei-San survived World War 2 and
died at the age of 80 on May 1 , 1947.
VOYAGE ACROSS PACIFIC
He met semi-filipino family Mr. Reinaldo
Turner, his wife Emma Jackson (Daugter of
Englishman, their children and their maid
servant from Pangasinan)
• One day one of the children, a bright
young boy, asked rizal:
“Do you know sir, a famous man in manila
named Richal? He wrote a novel, Noli Me
Tangere”
“Yes, Hijo, I am Richal,” Rizal Replied
RIZAL AND TETCHO
Techo Suehiro , a Japanese journalist,
novelist, and a champion of
human rights
• was forced by the Japanese
government to leave the country, just as
Rizal was compelled to leave the
Philippines by the Spanish authorities.
April 13 – Dec 11, 1888 Tetcho came to
admire Rizal, whose patriotism and magnificent
talents greatly fascinated him and influenced
him to fortify his own crusade for human rights
in his own country
• Shortly after his return to Japan, Tetcho
published his travel diary which
contained his impressions of rizal he
entered into politics and was elected as
a member of the lower house of the first
imperial Diet (Japanese Parliament),
where he carried on his own fight for
human rights.
• The following year , he published a
political novel titled “ Nankai-no-
Daiharan” (Storm over the south sea)
which resembles Rizal’s “Noli me
Tangere” in plot.
• He then published another novel entitled
“O-unabara” (The big ocean) which was
similar to “ El Filibusterismo”
• Tetcho died of heart attack in Tokyo in
February , 1896 (Ten months before
Rizal’s execution) He was then 49 years
old.