The Life and Works of Rizal
Midterm Reviewer
THE LIFE OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
(June 19, 1861-December 30, 1896)
Why we need to know the background of the person?
• It helps us to understand the kind of person he is.
• We will know one's ideals, knowledge, thoughts
and feelings.
What is the origin of the family name Rizal?
• Domingo Lamco, the great, great grandfather of
Jose Rizal was a chinese merchant. He later
adopted the family name Mercado. To
distinguish from other Mercados in Laguna, the
alcalde mayor suggested the surname Rizal.
• Francisco Mercado Rizal was a farmer.
• The family name Rizal could be traced from the
word "ricial" which means green fields. This is
a Spanish term which means "a field where
wheat stalks are cut still green, to sprout
again".
Rizals of Calamba, Laguna
Rizal's father: Francisco Mercado Rizal
Rizal's mother: Teodora Alonso
Children
1. Saturnina, Neneng (1850-1913), the eldest is
married to Manuel T. Hidalgo
2. Paciano, (1851-1930), ten years older than
Jose, was a fourth year civil law dropout
3. Narcisa, married a teacher Antonino Lopez
from Morong, Rizal.
4. Olimpia (1855-1887), married Silvestre
Ubaldo, a telegraph operator.
5. Lucia (1857-1919), married Mariano Herbosa
of Calamba, Laguna.
6. Maria (1859-1945), married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Binan, Laguna
7. Jose, Pepe (1861-1896), the national hero.
Had a common-law wife, Josephine Bracken
at Dapitan.
8. Concepcion, Concha(1862-1865) died at the
age of four.
9. Josefa, died a spinster.
10. Trinidad, Trining (1868-1951) died a spinster.
11. Soledad, Choleng (1870-1929), the youngest
married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba,
Laguna.
IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT RIZAL
BIRTH DATE: June 19, 1861,
DEATH DATE: December 30, 1896
AGE: 35 years old.
FATHER: Francisco Mercado Rizal (Don Kikoy)
MOTHER: Dona Teodora Alonso Y Realonda
FACTS ABOUT RIZAL
• At age 9 he was sent to Binan Laguna for
formal schooling.
• At age 11 he was sent to Ateneo de Municipal
Manila in Intramuros.
• At age 15 he finished Bachiller en Artes then he
studied Philosopy at UST and Land Surveying
at Ateneo.
• He studied medicine because of his mom's
blindness.
• Segunda Katigbak - his love interest.
• Salvadora- the name of ship, his first
educational travel to Europe at the age of 20.
• He first arrive in Singapore, then boarded
Djemnah to continue his trip t Marseille France
and took a train to Barcelona.
• He observed that the people in Barcelona are
detached from each other.
• Dyaryong Tagalog - Propaganda tool owned
by Marcelo del Pilar. Rizal is one of the
writers.
• From Barcelona he went to Madrid Spain and
Studied Licentiate in Medicine at Unibersidad
Central De madrid.
• He had not taken a bath for a long time
because the water is expensive and it is cold.
• People are sleeping during the day and awake
during the night.
• Rizal joined Circulo Hismano Filipino , a
group that develops liberal mindedness among
Filipinos in Europe.
The Life and Works of Rizal
• Brindis - a speech delivered by Rizal to honor
two filipino who won National Exposition in
Fine Arts in Spain.
• Juan Luna for Spolarium-gold winner
• Felix Hidalgo for Christian Virgins Exposed
to the Populace.-silver winner
• While in Spain, Rizal suffered financial
difficulty because the price of sugar dropped
in the world market.
• From Madrid he went to Paris to study
OPTHALMOLOGY.
• From Paris he went to Germany and became part
of the clinic of Dr. Otto Becker.
• He developed friendship with Austrian professor,
Ferdinand Blumentritt, who is studying
tagalog.
• While in Germany he is already finishing his
first novel the Noli Me Tangere while he
travelled to Heidelberg and Leipzig.
• Maximo Viola helped him in the printing of the
Noli.
• In the Philippines he was summoned by
Governor General Emilio Terrero about the
Noli.
• The government assigned a jailer in the name of
Taviel de Andrade
• On his second educational travel, Rizal visited
Hongkong, Macau, Japan and the United States.
• There are no thieves in Japan. He met O-sei-san.
• He admired the big buildings and the lights in
the US during his visit to California and New
York. However, there is discrimination. The
whites are not allowed to marry the blacks.
• La Solidaridad is the Filipino newspaper in
Spain.
• Rizal had conflict with Marcelo Del Pilar on the
management of La Solidaridad.
• While in Spain, he received a letter that Leonor
Rivera will marry an English by the name of
Henry Kipping.
• He knew that his letters for Leonor were not
given to her.
Midterm Reviewer
• While in France, he developed a feeling for
Nelly Bousted which was introduced to him by
Antonio Luna.
• He went to Belgium to publish his second work,
the El Filibusterismo, but was again in financial
distress.
• He was saved by Valentin Ventura.
• After publishing his work the Fili, he went to
Hongkong and helped by Jose Ma. Basa.
• Rizal met his family in Hong Kong where he
established a clinic.
• Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization
La Liga Filipina.
• Upon his return to the Philippines, he was
questioned by the government of Governor
General Eulogio Despujol who decided to
throw him to Dapitan.
• In Dapitan, he established clinic for the rich and
poor and school for practical learning.
• In Dapitan, he met Josephine Bracken, an Irish
who accompanied his father for check up.
• Rizal developed a love for Josephine and
became his common-law wife,but they were
deprived of marriage because Rizal was
excommunicated.
• While in Dapitan, Rizal denied the invitation of
KKK to bring him abroad and be the leader of
revolution.
• During the revolution, Rizal was arrested and
detained at Fort Santiago and was sentenced to
death for treason and sedition.
• He was visited by his mom with whom he asked
to get his body after the execution.
• He gave a lamp to his sister Trining and said
"there is something inside" where he sent letters
to friends and relatives.
• He was shot in Bagumbayan on December 30,
1896.
RIZAL’S LIFE, WORKS AND WRITING
Republic Act 1425 - An Act to include in the curricula
of all public and private schools, colleges and
universities courses on the Life, Works and Writings
of Dr. Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me
The Life and Works of Rizal
Tangere and El Filibusterismo. This is also known as
RIZAL LAW passed on June 12, 1956.
WHAT THE LAW IMPOSES?
It orders the inclusion in the curricula of all public and
private schools studies on the life, works and writings
of Dr. Jose Rizal
It requires the reading of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
The law also provides that while the teaching of Rizal
as a subject is required, the separation of the church
and state should be upheld.
THE BACKDROP DURING RIZAL’S TIME
 There is rapid social change.
 There is political and religious revolutions.
 Ideologies came out like that of; John Locke,
Francois Marie Arouet or Voltaire, Jean
Jacques Rousseau, GWF Hegel, Charles
Darwin, Mikhail Bakunin, Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels
 Many other political thinkers in Europe
emerged brought by about by socio-political
change.
 Rizal was exposed to the many teachings and
writings of scholars and led him to develop his
own philosophy and political thoughts.
Midterm Reviewer
 Rizal's alleged alienation from his people and
from the Filipino culture.
 Attempts to replace Rizal as national hero.
Foreigners as first biographers.
 Conflicting Perceptions of Jose Rizal.
 Rizal's monument in Luneta was a creation
from a foreign land.
 Rizal in winter coat.
 Lost glory of Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last
Farewell
WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN
OUR SOCIETY?
First, social institution is a permanent social structure
that exist because of man's need.
What is the role of our educational institutions in
shaping the lives of our people at present? Say in our
case the education as social institution. Its material
the universities and colleges.
What is the role of social institutions in our society?
 Transmitter of knowldege and culture
(education).
 Regulate behaviors.
 To meet man's need for survival.
 To instill social order.

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

 John Locke and Rousseau espoused that God
endowed man with natural rights such as right
to life, liberty and property and by entering
into a social contract, man formed a civil
society to protect his rights.
 According to this theory, kings derive their
power from the people. The rulers have the
obligation to look after the general welfare ,
the people have the obligation to support their
rulers.
 When governance is oppressive it is the right
of the people to overthrow such government.
This legitimizes revolution (Daquila, 1997).

WHAT MAKES HIM A CONTROVERSIAL

NATIONAL HERO?
 Rizal's life is filled with paradoxes and
controversies.
 America's choice as Philippine national hero.
 The Katipunero's Choice.
 Rizal for the Elite Bonifacio for the masses.