Rizal’s Life: Exile, Trial,

and Death
 La Liga Filipina
(The Filipino League)

June
June 26,
26, 1892
1892
Rizal
Rizal arrived
arrived in
in Manila
Manila Eulogio Despujol
Governor-General

As soon as Rizal arrived in Manila on June 26,1892, he was welcomed by

Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw,
Deodato Arellano, and other patriots, who, altogether founded La Liga Filipina (The
Filipino League).
 Rizal’s Exile
• Dapitan is a remote town in Mindanao, which served
as an outpost of the Spaniards in the Philippines.
• Dapitan became the only witness to Rizal’s fate since
Rizal in Dapitan
July 1896.
• Rizal became close with Captain Ricardo Carnicero.
• He continued his medicine, research and continued his
talent in sculpture, painting, sketching and poetry
writing.
• He put up a school for boys
• Rizal wrote a poem entitled, “A Don Ricardo
Carnicero” on August 26, 1892.
• He was exiled to Dapitan because of the confiscated
reading materials. He dedicated his novels "El
filibusterismo", and "Noli me Tangere" to the 3 priest-
martyrs named GomBurZa ( Father Gomez, Burgos,
Zamora).
 Other projects of Rizal for Dapitan

He invented a water system that gave the

town people water for their drinking and
irrigation.

Big map of Mindanao at the plaza to be

used for geography class.
 After winning a lottery worth
6,200, Rizal bought a 16-
hectare abandoned farm by the
shore of Talisay, a barrio near
Dapitan, where he built a
permanent home and performed
operation on his mother’s eyes,
and studied on medicinal plants
of Dapitan to be prescribed to
his
his patients.
patients
 That time, Rizal had been known to
be one of the best ophthalmologist.
Upon hearing this, George Taufer
who had an eye ailment, together
with her adopted daughter, Josephine
Bracken, traveled from Hong Kong
to Dapitan.

Rizal as an Optalmologist
 • When the revolution commenced in Manila in 1896,
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, an emissary to Dapitan visited
Rizal in order to inform him of the founding and the
revolution plan of Katipunan during the meeting at a
little river called Bitukang Manok.
• Best friend of Andres Bonifacio
• Raymond Mata – a blind man whom he brought with
him to solicit Rizal expert medical advice.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

 1894 1895
Ramon Blanco

Ferdinand Blumentritt

• For awhile, Rizal sent letters to Governor General Ramon Blanco from 1894 to 1895.
• He wanted his case be reviewed so Blumentritt proposed that Rizal may offer his services as a
surgeon to the Spanish government.
• On July 30,1896, Governor-General Ramon Blanco granted Rizal’s request to go to Cuba.
• Before he left from his exile in Dapitan for Manila and then for Spain, Rizal had issued a
manifesto disavowing the revolution and declaring that the education of Filipinos and their
achievement of a national identity were prerequisites to freedom. He was charged with being a
traitor to Spain and the mastermind of the revolution .
 896 - Cuba
,1 Septem
July 30 ber 3, 1
Barcelo 896 -
na

er España
Stream

Streame
r Isla de P
anay
*When he arrived at the port, Governor-General Despujol told Rizal that there was a
command to return him back to Manila.
* Rizal was arrested while on his trip at the Mediterranean Sea.
 Fort Santiago

November 3, 1896

• He was put into prison in Barcelona, Spain and was brought back to the Philippines.
• November 3,1896 and was soon brought to be imprisoned at Fort Santiago.
 Rizal’s Trial
(This was Rizal’s grueling 5-day investigation)

• He was informed of charges against him, he answered

the questions asked by Judge Advocate, Colonel
Francisco Oliver, but he was not permitted to confront
those who testified against.
• He was blamed for being the leader of the revolution by
increasing the people’s ideas about rebellion and making
illegal organizations.
• He was allowed to choose his own lawyer, Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade, who was his bodyguard when he first
came home.
• There were fifteen documents against Rizal and eleven
witnesses for testimonials.
Preliminary Investigation
(November 20, 1896)
Evidences
There were 2 kinds of evidences presented during the
investigation; documentary and testimonial.
 Documentary Evidences
• A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce, dated Madrid,
October 16, 1888, showing Rizal’s connection with the Filipino
reform campaign in Spain.
• A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890,
stating that the deportations are good for they will encourage the
people to hate the tyranny.
• A letter from Marcelo H Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated
Madrid, January 7,1889, implicating Rizal in the Propaganda
campaign in Spain.
• A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila
on September 12, 1891.
• A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated
Barcelona, September 18, 1891, describing as the man to free the
Philippines to Spanish oppression.
 Documentary Evidences
• A Masonic document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his patriotic
services.
• A letter signed Dimasalang to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s Pseudonym), dated Hongkong,
dated May 24, 1892, stating that he was preparing a safe refugee for Filipinos who may be
persecuted by the Spanish authorities.
• A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892,
soliciting the aid of committee in the “patriotic work”.
• An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
• A letter of Lldefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, 8 September 1892, saying that
the Filipino people look up to Rizal as their savior.
• A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Manila, 14 September 1893, informing an
unidentified Correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and
Ambrocio Salvador.
 Documentary Evidences
• A letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated
Madrid, June 1893 recommending the establishment of a special organization,
independent of Masonry, to help the cause of the Filipino people.
• Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), in a reunion of the Katipunan
on 13 July 1893, in which the following cry was uttered “Long live the Philippines!
Long live Liberty! Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!”
• Transcript of a speech of Tik-tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan
reunion, Wherein the katipuneros shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal!
death to the oppressor nation!”
• A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay, in which the author makes the
Dapitan Schoolboys sing that they know how to fight for their rights.
Testimonial Evidences
• Martin Constantino
• Aguedo del Rosario
• Jose Reyes
• Moises Salvador
• Jose Dizon
• Pio Valenzuela
• Francisco Quison
• Timoteo Paez
• Deodato Arellano
• Antonio Salazar
• Domingo Franco
 Twelve-point Defense of Rizal
• As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion.
• He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary elements.
• Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he
could have escaped while he was in Singapore.
• If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have built a
home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
• If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him.
• He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear,
the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
• After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in Dapitan,
thus, did not last long.
 Twelve-point Defense of Rizal
• If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it.
• If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been
organized.
• If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890
his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and
deportation of all his brothers- in-law.
• He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and missionary
priests in the province could attest to that.
• If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had
inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really was for the
revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is
so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
 Rizal remaining days and last
farewell.
• When Rizal heard the court decision, he knew that
there will be no chance of changing his fate. At six o’
clock in the morning of December 29, 1896, Captain
Rafael Dominguez, read him the official notice of his
execution.
• He reached out for the gas lamp and gave it to his
sister, Trinidad and carefully whispered, “There is
something inside.”
• He took time to write his last letter to his best friend
Blumentritt. The last poem he composed was the
longest he ever written, it was entitled “Mi Ultimo
Adios” or My Last Farewell.
 Governor-General Camilo de
Polavieja

He approved the decision of the court martial and

ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the
morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.
Rizal’s
Death
• Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel.
• Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal
and Fr. Luis Viza who brought the image of the Sacred
Heart of Jesus.
• Fr. Antonio Rosell who ate breakfast with Rizal.
• Lt. Taviel de Andrade also arrived and Rizal thanked him
for his gallant services.
• Fr. Balaguer remained with Rizal in the afternoon.
• Around 3:00pm Fr. Balaguer returned and is trying to
persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but Rizal
remained firm
• After Fr. Balaguer left, his mother and sister arrived.
Retraction of Rizal
 Mi Ultimo Adios

• He gave a lamp to his sister, Trinidad, and

whispered to her in English “There is
something inside”.
• The letter inside is his farewell letter and last
literary work of Rizal the “Mi Ultimo Adios”.
• After his family left, Fathers Vilaclara and
Balaguer again arrived to convince Rizal to
retract.
• Around 8:00pm, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr.
Viza and again talked with Rizal.
• At around 10:00pm, a draft of retraction arrived
from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda.
• At 11:30pm, Rizal signed his retraction.
 December 29, 1896

• Rizal had his last supper, At that time, he said

to Captain Dominguez that he has already
forgiven his enemies including those who
wanted him dead.
• At exactly 5:30 in the morning, he had his last
breakfast of three hard boiled eggs.
• He started giving out souvenir's, to his wife
Josephine he gave the Imitacion de Cristo as a
gift.
• Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters; to
Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and Paciano.
• At around 6:30am, Rizal was taken from cell and
the march to Bagumbayan began.
• A colonel took Rizal to his execution site.
• Rizal requested not to shot him by the head and
was granted also he requested to be shot at his
front, but was denied.
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and
found that it was normal.
• The commanding officer ordered his men to aim
by means of his saber and there was a
simultaneous crack of gunfire.
• Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with
his face facing the sun.
Thankyou
!