11

Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
WEEK 7
MELC 12 Converting a Normal Random Variableto a Standard Normal Variable and Vice-Versa
MELC 13 Computing Probabilities and Percentiles Using the Standard Normal Table

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 12
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET
Converting a Normal Random Variable to a Standard Normal Variable and Vice
Versa

I. Learning Competency with Code

Converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice
versa. (M11/12SP-IIIc-4)
II. Background Information for Learners
The z-score is stated to be a measure of relative standing. It describes a
value's relationship to the mean of a group of values. A Z-score can reveal if a
value is typical for a specified data set or if it is atypical. Z-scores also make it
possible for analysts to adapt scores from various data sets to make scores that
can be compared to one another more accurately. Basically, a z-score gives
you an idea how far a data is from the mean.
z-scores are a way to compare results to a “normal” population. A lot of
tests and surveys reveal thousands of possible results and units; those results
can often seem meaningless. For example, knowing that someone’s height is
5 ft might be good information, but if you want to compare it to the “average”
person’s height, looking at a vast table of data can be overwhelming. A z-score
can tell you where that person’s weight is compared to the average
population’s mean height. Most raw scores comprise large values, so for
convenience, these raw scores are converted to a more manageable scores
known as z-scores. In this lesson, you will learn to convert a normal random
variable to a standard normalrandom variable (z-values) and vice versa.
The formula for calculating z is:

𝑋−
𝑧= z-score for population data
𝜎

𝑋−𝑋 z-score for sample data

𝑧=
𝑠

Example 1. Finding the z-value

Given the mean, 𝜇 = 30 and the standard deviation, 𝜎 = 4 of a population
of scores in Statistics and Probability. Find the z-value that corresponds to a
score 𝑋 = 38.
Steps Solution
1. Write the given values. 𝜇 = 30, 𝜎 = 4, 𝑋 = 38
𝑋−𝜇 38 − 30
2. Substitute in the formula, 𝑧 = .
𝜎 𝑧=
4
3. Compute the z-value. 8
𝑧= =2
4
Therefore, the z-value that
corresponds to the raw score 38 is
2 in a distribution.
 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
18 22 26 30 34 38 42

Example 2. Finding the raw score

Find the raw score in an aptitude test with 𝑋̅= 80, 𝑠 = 15 and 𝑧 = 0.52.

Steps Solution
1. Modify the formula to solve for X. 𝑋 = 𝑋̅+ 𝑧𝑠
2. Substitute in the formula. 𝑋 = 80 + (0.52)(15)
3. Compute the raw scores. 𝑋 = 80 + 7.8
𝑋 = 87.8
Thus, the raw score is 87.8 when 𝑧 =
0.52.

Example 3. Problem Solving

Suppose two of your friends, Ana and John took an entrance exam in
different universities. Ana’s score is 140 (𝜇 = 125, 𝜎 = 15) while John’s score is
90 (𝜇 = 80, 𝜎 = 5). Who among them scored better than their peers?

Solution: To solve this problem, we need to standardize the two scores. Thus,
we need to convert these to z-scores.

Ana John
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧= 𝑧=
𝜎 𝜎
140 − 125 90 − 80
𝑧= 𝑧=
15 5
𝑧=1 𝑧=2

Therefore, John performed better than Ana.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Alferez, M.S. & Duro, M.A. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House. Reprinted 2016.
Belecina, R. R.et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc.
CHED. Statistics and Probability. Pasig City: Department of Education - Bureau
of Learning Resources, 2016, pp 108-1116
 IV. Activity Proper
General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.

Exercises 1: Complete the table by providing the correct answers. Show your
process on your paper

𝑧 𝑥 𝜇 𝜎
30 25 3.5

-2 69 15

70 60 4

2.35 83 5

Exercises 2: Problem Solving.

1. Zeleo and Zoey are close buddies who took the national achievement test.
The mean score and standard deviation are 120 and 10, respectively. If Zeleo
obtained a z-score of 1.5 and Zoey got -0.95 z-score. What were their scores
in the examination? Who scored higher?
2. If the scores in a Statistics and Probability test are normally distributed with
a mean of 35 and standard deviation of 4.5. What is the z-score for a score of
30?

V. Reflection
Instruction. Reflect on the following question and write your response in your
journal.
In a world full of competition where only the best and the brightest areaccepted
first, how do you keep up with the challenge?

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 13

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET
Computing Probabilities and Percentiles Using the Standard Normal
Table

I. Learning Competency with Code

Computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table.
(M11/12SP-IIIc-d-1)
II. Background Information for Learners
After learning how to identify regions under the normal curve and converting
normal random variable to their standard normal values, you are now ready to
apply what you have learned in this lesson. We will also utilize the standard
normal table (see the z-table) discussed in the previous lessons in computing
probabilities and percentiles
Probabilities
The area under the normal curve can also be thought of as a probability
distribution if the values are normally distributed. Just like the area, the
probability ranges from 0 to 1 or 0% to 100%. The problems involving
probabilities can also be solved using the areas under the normal curve and
using the standard normal table.

Example 1: The average household electricity consumption in the country is

248kWh. What is the probability that a household consumes less than 180 kWh
assuming that the electricity consumption is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of 56kWh?
Step Solutio
s n
1. Convert the normal value 𝜇 = 248, 𝜎 = 56, 𝑋 = 180
to the standardized value
𝑋 − 𝜇 180 − 248
𝑧= = = −1.21
𝜎 56
2. Draw the normal curve
indicating the z-value
andits corresponding
area.

Z= -1.21
3. Use the z-table to find 𝑧 = 1.21 corresponds to an area of 0.3869.
thearea that corresponds
to
𝑧 = 1.21.
4. Compute the area. Since we are looking for the area less than
z = -1.21, subtract 0.3869 from 0.5 (half of
the curve).
𝑃(𝑧 < −1.21) = 0.5 − 0.3869 = 0.1131
5. Interpret the result. The probability that a household consumes
less than 180 kWh is 0.1131 or 11.31%
Example 2: The mean number of hours that students spent in the social media
per day is 6.5 hours with a standard deviation of 1.8. If the number of hours is
normally distributed, find the probability that a random student spent:
a. between 4 to 7 hours in the social media.
b. more than 8 hours in the social media.
Supposed that a school had 1500 students, about how many students spent
more than 8 hours in the social media?
a. between 4 to 7 hours in the social media.
We will look for the probability that a student spent 4 to 7 hours in the social
media. Using the steps above, we will first convert the normal values to z- score
𝜇 = 6.5, 𝜎 = 1.2, 𝑋1 = 4 and 𝑋2 = 7
𝑋−𝜇 4 − 6.5
𝑧 = = = −1.39 The area that corresponds to 1.39 is 0.4177
1 𝜎 1.8
𝑋−𝜇 7 − 6.5
𝑧 = = = 0.28 The area that corresponds to 0.28 is 0.1103
2 𝜎 1.8

Since the we are looking for the probability in between, we

will add the two areas.
𝑃(−1.39 < 𝑧 < 0.28) = 0.4177 + 0.1103
𝑃(−1.39 < 𝑧 < 0.28) = 0.528
Hence, the probability that a random student spent between
4 to 7 hours in the social mediais 0.528 or 52.8%.
 Example 6: Cnsider that the height of the SHS students is approximately
normally distributed with a mean of 155 cm and standard deviation of 6 cm. If
Alexa’s height belongs to the 80th percentile, find her height.
Solution:
The 80th percentile corresponds to the area 0.80 from the left and is located
above the mean. Moreover, 0.80 = 0.5 + 0.3. We will look for the z-score whose
area is 0.3 from the mean. Using the table, 0.3 is closer to 0.2995, thus, we can
use z = 0.84 as the z-score that corresponds to the area of 0.3.

To determine Alexa’s height that belongs to the 80th percentile, we can use
the formula, 𝑋 = 𝜇 + 𝜎𝑧. Thus, 𝑋 = 155 + (6)(0.84) = 155 + 5.04 = 160.04

Thus, Alexa’s height is 160.04 cm.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

De Guzman, D. (2017). Statistics and Probability. C & E Publishing Inc.,Quezon City.

Belecina, R. R. et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex BookStore, Inc.

Yanto, D. N, Valencia, E. A., & Disilio, V.M. (2020). Statistics and Probability. Quarter 3 – Module
13: Computing Probabilities and Percentiles Using the Standard Normal Table. Alternative
Delivery Mode. Department of Education.

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.
Exercise 1: The average weight of the students in a certain school is 45 kg and
the standard deviation is 7. Consider that the weight of the students is normally
distributed, what is the probability that a student’s weight is:
a. less than 36 kg?
b. between 42 to 52 kg?
c. more than 50 kg?
d. About how many students weigh less than 36 kg if the total number of
students is 1800?

Exercise 2: The scores of the students in the exam follows a normal

distribution. The mean score is 88 with 5 as the standard deviation. Find the
score of the students who belong to the
a. 93th percentile.
b. 60th percentile.
c. 25th percentile.

V. Reflection

Is it always necessary that one belongs to a high percentile? Cite an

instance wherein it is better to belong to a low percentile.