SS005:

THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

 CHAPTER 1:
ADVENT OF A NATIONAL
HERO
 ADVENT OF A NATIONAL HERO
 Jose Rizal was ranked with the world’s geniuses.
 He was a physician, poet, dramatist, essayist,
novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor,
educator, linguist, musician, naturalist,
ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer
businessman, economist, geographer,
cartographer, bibliophile, philologist, grammarian,
folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor,
magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman,
traveler, religious, prophet, political martyr and
hero.
 BIRTH OF A HERO
 José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born
on the moonlight of Wednesday, June 19, 1861 in Calamba,
Laguna .
 His mother, Teodora Alonzo, almost died because of his big
head
 BIRTH OF A HERO
 He was baptized in the Catholic
church of his town, St. John the
Baptist Parish Church, on June 22,
1861 by the parish priest, Rufino
Collantes.
 Fr. Collantes was impressed to Rizal’s
big head and told the family “Take
good care of this child for someday
he will become a great man”
 His Godfather was Rev. Fr. Pedro
Casanas, a close friend of the Rizal
Family.
His name “Jose” was chosen by his mother who was a
devotee of Saint Joseph.
 RIZAL’S PARENTS
 Francisco Mercado Rizal was
born on Biñ an, Laguna on
May, 11 1818.
 He studied Latin and
Philosophy at College of San
Jose in Manila.
 He was a tenant farmer of a
Dominican-owned hacienda.
 He died in Manila on January
5, 1898 at the age of 80.
 RIZAL’S PARENTS
 Teodora Alonzo Realonda was born in
Manila on November 8,1826.

 She studied in College of Santa Rosa.

 “My mother was a woman of more than

ordinary culture, she knows literature
and speaks Spanish better than I. she
corrected my poems and gave me good
advice when I was studying rhetoric.
She is also a mathematician and has
read many books” – Jose Rizal.

 Dona Teodora died in manila on

August,16 1911 at the age of 85.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
SATURNINA MERCADO RIZAL
HIDALGO (1850-1913)
 “Neneng” ; Oldest of Rizal children
 Married to Manuel Hidalgo of
Tanawan Batangas.

PACIANO MERCADO RIZAL (1851-

1930)
 Older brother of Rizal
 After Rizal died, he joined Philippine
revolution.
 Died on April 13, 1930 at the age of
79.
 He had two children by his mistress,
Severina Decena - a boy and a girl.
NARCISA MERCADO RIZAL Lopez
(1852-1939)
 “Sisa”
 Married to Antonio Lopez, a
school teacher of Morong and
nephew of Rev. Fr. Leoncio Lopez.

OLYMPIA MERCADO RIZAL

UBALDO (1855-1887)
 “Ypia”
 Married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator from Manila
LUCIA MERCADO RIZAL HERBOSA
(1857-1919)
 Married to Mariano Herbosa of
Calamba, nephew of Rev. Fr.
Casanas.
 Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and
was denied christian burial because
he was a brother in law of Rizal.

MARIA MERCADO RIZAL CRUZ(1859-

1945)
 “BIANG”
 Married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of
Binan Laguna
JOSE MERCADO RIZAL
(1861-1896)
“PEPE”

Philippines National
Hero
CONCEPTION MERCADO RIZAL
(1862-1865)
 “CONCHA”
 Died of sickness at the age of 3,
her death was Rizal’s first
sorrow in life.

JOSEFA MERCADO RIZAL (1865-

1945)
 “PANGGOY”
 Died an old maid at the age of
80
TRINIDAD MERCADO RIZAL
(1869-1951)
 “TRINING”
 Died an old maid at the age of
83

SOLEDAD MERCADO RIZAL

QUINTERO (1870-1929)
 CHOLENG
 Youngest of Rizal’s siblings
 Married to Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba Laguna
RIZAL’S SIBLING RELATIONSHIP

 Rizal was very close to his

sisters.
 Rizal used to play with his
sisters when they were young.
 He used to called his sister who
is already married Dona and
Senora. And senorita if they
were single.
 Rizal’s relationship with his only brother,Paciano, is
more than that an older brother. He used ‘Paciano’ in
his first novel, Noli me Tangere.
 In his letter to Blumentritt when he was in London on
June 23, 1888, he regarded Paciano as the ‘most noble
of Filipinos’.
 In another letter written also in London dated October
12,1888, he said that “he is much finer and more
serious than I am he is bigger and more slim, he is not
so dark; his nose is fine beautiful and sharp but he is
bow-legged.’
 RIZAL ANCESTRY
 RIZAL WAS PRODUCT OF MIXTURE OF RACES
 Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and
Spanish.
PATERNAL SIDE
 Domingo Lam-Co (Chinese immigrant) and Ines dela
rosa(Chinese Christian girl) - Rizal’s paternal great great
grandparents
 Francisco Mercado (son of Lam-Co) and Cirila Bernacha
(Chinese-Filipino)- Rizal’s paternal great grandparents
 Juan Mercado (son of Mercado) and Cirila Alejandro
(Chinese-Filipino) - Rizal’s paternal grandparents
 It is said that the family of Teodora Alonzo was
rooted from the last native king of Tondo, Lakan
Dula.
 Eugenio Ursua(Japanese ancestry) and Benigna
(Filipina)- Rizal’s maternal great great
grandparents.
 Regina and Manuel De Quintos(Filipino-Chinese) –
great grandparents of Rizal
 Brigida and Lorenzo Alonzo (Spanish-Filipino) –
grandparents of rizal ; parents of Teodora Alonzo.
Teodora Alonzo’s race was mixed Japanese,
Chinese and Filipino
 Rizal’s Father, Francisco Mercado was the youngest
among the thirteen children of Juan Mercado and
Cirila Alejandro.
 He lost his father at the age of 8.
 He studied in Manila. While studying, she fell
inlove with Teodora Alonzo Realonda. They were
married onJune 28, 1848 and stayed in Calamba
because of their farm and businesses
 THE SURNAME RIZAL

 The real surname of Rizal’s family was Mercado

which was adopted by his grandfather Domingo
Lamco in 1731. He assumed this surname since
he was a merchant and Mercado means
“MARKET” in Spanish.
 Rizal’s family adopted a second surname Rizal
which was given by a Spanish Alcalde mayor
(provincial governor) of Laguna.
 THE RIZAL HOME
• The house of Rizal Family where he was born, is a
stone house in Calamba.

• It is a two-storey building , rectangular in shape,

made of adobe stones and hard woods and roofed
with red tiles.

• Behind their house were the poultry yard and a

garden of tropical fruits atis, balimbing, chico,
macopa, papaya, and santol.
A GOOD AND MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY

The Rizal family was belonged to principalia,

an aristocrat family during the spanish time.
The Rizal family is known in Calamba as
family of honest and hardship.
The Rizal family rented a land in the
Dominicans. They harvested rice, corn,and
sugarcane. They raised pigs, chickens, and
turkey.
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZALS

 Rizals had a simple, contented and happy life.

 Don Francisco and Dona Teodora was a strict
parents to their child. They trained their
children to love God, to behave well, to study
well, to be obedient and to had respect to other
people.
 Everyday, they heard mass and pray altogether.
 The Rizal children were also given time to play.
 CHAPTER 2:
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN
CALAMBA
 Rizal had many beautiful childhood memories in his
native town, Calamba, that was named after a big
native jar. He grew up in a happy and religious home
ruled by good parents.
 Calamba’s scenic beauties and its hospitable and
friendly folks impressed him and affected his mind and
character.
 Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and
soul. A
poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My
Town) was written by him when he was 15 years old
and was a student of Ateneo de Manila.
 EARLIEST CHILDHOOD MEMORIES

His happy days in the family garden when

he was three years old.
Daily Angelus prayer
Fabulous stories by his Aya(Nurse Maid) at
the happy moonlit nights at the
azotea(terraced roof) after the nightly
rosary
FIRST SORROW
• His first sorrow was when he was 4 years old,
his sister Concha died of sickness at the age of
3.

DEVOTED SON OF THE CHURCH

• At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family
prayers. When he was 5, he was able to read the
Spanish family bible. He was laughingly called
“Manong Jose” because of his serious religious
commitment.
• One story that left a deep
impression on Rizal’s mind is
the tragic death of a young
moth in “The Story of the
Moth”.
• At the age of 5, he began to
make sketches with his pencil
and to mold a clay and wax
objects.
• At the age of 8, Rizal wrote
his first poem in the native
language entitled ‘Sa Aking
Mga Kabata” which reveals his
earliest nationalist sentiment.
• Aside from the poem, he wrote
his 1st dramatic work which was
a Tagalog comedy. It was staged
in Paete during its fiesta.
• He was also interested in magic.
He learned various tricks such as
making coin appear or disappear
and magic-lantern exhibition. In
his second novel, El
Filibusterismo, he revealed his
knowledge about magic.
INFLUENCES ON THE HERO’S BOYHOOD:
HEREDITARY
• Love for freedom, his innate desire to travel
and courage (Malayan)
• Serious nature, frugality, patience and love for
children (Chinese )
• Elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult and
gallantry to ladies (Spanish)
• Sense of self-respect, love for work and a habit of
independent thinking (From his father)
• Religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice and the
passion for arts and literature. (Mother’s side)
 INFLUENCES: ENVIRONMENTAL

• Inborn artistic and literary talents ( Scenic

beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of
Rizal’s family)
• Religious nature ( religious atmosphere at
home)
• Love for freedom and Justice (Paciano)
Courteous and kind to women (Sisters)
• Interest in folklore and legends(Aya)
 INFLUENCES: ENVIRONMENTAL

• Artistic Ability ( Tio Jose Alberto who studied for 11

yrs in a British school in India and travelled in
Europe)
• Tio Manuel encouraged him to develop his body by
means of physical exercises including horse riding,
walking and wrestling.
• Tio Gregorio as book lover influenced Rizal in
terms of books
• The sorrows in his family such as the death of
Concha( 1865) and the imprisonment of his
mother ( 1871- 1874) strengthened his character.
INFLUENCES: AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE

• Rizal was providentially destined to be the

pride and glory of his nation. He was gifted
with a versatile gift of genius, the vibrant
spirit of nationalist and the valiant heart to
sacrifice for a noble cause.
 CHAPTER 3:
EARLY EDUCATION IN
CALAMBA AND BINAN
 EARLY EDUCATION
• A typical schooling that a son of Ilustrado received
during that time was characterized by the 4 R’s –
Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and Religion.
• Rizal’s first teacher was his mother. At the age of 3, he
learned the alphabet and prayers.
• His parents employed private tutors.
1. Maestro Celestino.
2. Maestro Lucas Padua.
3. Leon Monroy (a former classmate of Rizal’s
father ) that died after 5 months.
• Rizal was sent to a private school in Binan on June
1869.
 EARLY EDUCATION: FIRST DAY IN
BINAN

• Rizal, accompanied by Paciano, was sent to the

school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
• He had school brawl with Pedro, the bully and
Andres Salandanan.
• He had a simple,methodical life in Biñ an.
• In academic studies, he beat all the boys there.
Some of his older classmates were jealous of his
intellectual superiority.
• After one year and a half of schooling, he left Biñ an
on Dec. 17, 1870 and returned to Calamba.
EARLY
• OnEDUCATION
the other hand, upon hearing
the execution of Father Burgos,
(GOMBURZA), Paciano returned to
Calamba from his studies in the
College of San Jose. Rizal was only
11 years old during that time and
Paciano told him the heroic story
of Father Burgos.
• Gomburza’s Martyrdom inspired
Rizal to fight the Spanish tyranny
and help the oppressed people. He
dedicated his second novel to
Gom-Bur-Za.
EARLY EDUCATION
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER
• Before June 1872, Dona Teodora was
arrested on a malicious charge of poisoning
the wife of his brother, Jose Alberto.
• She was arrested with the help of Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, Antonio Vivencio del
Rosario.
• She was forced to walk from Calamba to
Sta. Cruz, a distance of 50 kilometers. Upon
arrival to Sta. Cruz, she was placed at the
provincial prison for 2 and a half years until
the Manila Royal Audiencia acquitted her.
 CHAPTER 4
THE SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT
ATENEO DE MANILA
1872-1877
Four months after Rizal witness the martyrdom of
GOMBURZA Rizal was sent in Manila .

He studied in the Ateneo Municipal a university

under the supervision of Spanish clergy
congregation the Jesuits.

Ateneo de municipal was the rivalry school of the

dominicaN owned school San Juan De Letran.
 Ateneo municipal was formerly Escuela Pia
(Charity School) or school for poor which was
etablish by the city government in 1817.

 When the jesuits congregation came in the

Philippines they were given the chance to manage
the Escuela Pia and it was renamed to Ateneo
Municipal.
 RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO

 June 10, 1872 when Rizal took his entrance exam

accompanied by his brother Paciano in the College
of San Juan De Letran
 The entrance exam is about Christian dictrine,
arithmetic and reading and Rizal passed the
entrance exam.
 His father changed his mind to sent him to College
of San Juan De Letran and Decided to sent Rizal in
Ateneo de municipal
 Again Rizal and his brother Paciano accompanied him to
Ateneo de municipal.
 The school registrar Fr. Magin Ferrando refused to admit
Rizal for two reasons:
1. He was late for registration.
2. He was sickly and undersized for his age.
 But through the intercession of Manuel Burgos, nephew of
Fr. Burgos, Rizal was admitted in Ateneo de municipal.
 Jose was the first member of the family to use the
surname Rizal. He registered the Rizal at the
Ateneo de municipal.

 Ateneo de municipal was located in Intramuros

Manila. Rizal boarded in the house outside
Intramuros in Carballo street 25 minutes walk from
his boarding house up to school. Rizal pays 300
pesos a month.
 JESUIT SYSTEM EDUCATION
 The system of education given by Ateneo is more advanced
than the other school in that period.

 Trained the student with discipline and religious

instruction

 The students heard mass everyday before entering the

first subject. Each subject starts and ends with a prayer
Students divided into two groups:

 Roman Empire – internos (boarders)

 Carthaginian Empire – externos (non- boarders)

Each of this empires has its ranks.

 Outstanding student EMPEROR

 Second best was TRIBUNE

 Third best was DECURION

 Fourth best was CENTURION

 Fifth best was called the STANDARD- BEARER

The uniform of Ateneo during Rizal’s time is
called rayadillo- a uniform like heneral
Lunas uniform.

Later on that uniform was adopted by the

Filipino troops during the first Philippine
Republic
 RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873)

 On his first day in class Rizal heard mass.

 His classmates was mestizos, spaniards and
Pilipino.

Rizal’ s first professor was Fr. Jose Bech which he

described as tall and thin man.
Since Rizal was a new comer he was placed in
externos. At the end of the month Rizal became
emperor.

Rizal was the brightest pupil in the whole class.

To improve his spanish Rizal took private lessons in
Santa Isabel College during the noon recess.
Rizal paid 3 pesos for those extra spanish lesson
tutorial.
 SUMMER VACATION 1873
 At the end of the school year March 1873 Rizal
returned to Calamba for summer vacation.

 When the summer vacation ended, Rizal went

back to Intramuros to prepare for his second year
in ateneo. He lives in Intramuros at no.6
Magallanes street. his landlady named Dona
Pepay.
 TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING

Summer vacation of 1874 Rizal began to

take interest in reading romantic novels.
Rizal’s favorite novel was THE COUNT OF
MONTE CRISTO by Alexander Dumas.
He also asked his dad to buy him a book
entitled UNIVERSAL HISTORY by Cesar
Cantu
 FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO 1875 1876

 On june 16 1875 Rizal became an interno

(boarders) in Ateneo
 He met Fr. Francisco Paula Sanchez a great
educator and scholar.
 He described Fr. Paula Sanchez as a model of
uprightness and love for the advancement of his
pupils.
 LAST YEAR IN ATENEO 1876-77

 He excelled in class and was considered as the

most brilliant Atenean of his time.

 He was also considered as the “pride of the

Jesuits”
 SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO

 Rizal has a artistic skill which is

carving. One day he carved an
image of the Virgin Mary on a
piece of batikuling (philippine
hardwook) with his pocket knife.

 He impressed his jesuit

professors.
 SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO

 Father Lleonart who is a

jesuit professor also in
Ateneo requested him to
carve an image of Sacred
Heart of Jesus
 POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO

 Father Sanchez who is inspired Rizal to make full

use of his God-given gift in poetry writing.

 The first poem that was written by Rizal was MI

PRIMERA INSPIRACION (my first inspiration)
which was dedicated for his mother on her
birthday
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL

 After his graduation in

Ateneo, Rizal, who was then
sixteen years old
experienced his first
romance. The girl was
Segunda Katigbak, a pretty
fourteen year old
Batanguena from Lipa.
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL
 Three years later, Rizal, recording his first and
tragic romance, said: “Ended, at an early hour, my
first Love! My virgin heart will always mourn the
reckless step it took on the flower-decked abyss.
My illusions will return, yes, but indifferent,
uncertain, ready for the first betrayal on the path
of Love.
 CHAPTER 5
MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
(1877-1882)
 After finishing the first year of
a course in Philosophy and
Letters(1877-79) he
transferred to medical course.
 MOTHER’S OPPOSITION TO HIGHER
EDUCATION
 Rizal had to go to the University
of Santo Tomas for higher
studies. Both Don Francisco and
Paciano wanted Jose to pursue
higher learning in the
university. But Dona Teodora,
who knew what happened to
Gom-Bur-Za vigorously
opposed to send Rizal in Manila
for studies.
 Dona Teodora told her husband:
“ don’t send him to Manila
again: he knows enough. If he
gets to know more, the
Spaniards will cut off his head.”
Don Francisco kept quiet and
told Paciano to accompany his
younger brother to Manila,
despite mother’s tears.
 RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY

 April 1877, Rizal who was then nearly 16 years

old, taking the course Philosophy and Letters at
UST. He enrolled in this course for two reasons:
 1. His father liked it
 2. He was still uncertain as to what career to
pursue
 RIZAL ENTERS UNIVERSITY

 During the following term

(1878-79) that Rizal, having
received the Ateneo Rector’s
Fr. Pablo Ramon advice to
study medicine, took up the
medical course. Another
reason why he chose
medicine for a career was to
be able to cure his mother’s
growing blindness
RIZAL’S ROMANCE WITH OTHER GIRLS
 Rizal had ample time for Love.
He was a romantic dreamer
who liked to sip the “nectar of
love”. His sad experience with
his first love made him wiser
in the ways of romance.
 Shortly after losing Segunda
Katigbak, he courted a young
lady in Calamba. He used to
call her “Miss L” describing her
with as “fair with seductive
eyes” but suddenly he stopped
courting Miss L.
 Several months later, during his
sophomore year at UST, he
boarded in the house of Dona
Concha Leyva in Intramuros. The
next-door neighbors was Leonor
Valenzuela who is a medical
student from Calamba after
several talk to each other Rizal
also courted her but suddenly
again he stopped because he still
recognized his love for Segunda.
 Rizal’s next romance was with another
Leonor – Leonor Rivera which is his
cousin from Camiling in 1879, at the start
of his junior year at UST. He lived in “ Casa
Tomasina” at No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas,
Intramuros.
 His Landlord-uncle Antonio Rivera had a
pretty daughter, Leonor a student at La
Concordia College was a frail, pretty girl
“tender as abudding flower with kinly,
wistful eyes”. They become engaged.
 In her letters to Rizal. Leonor signed her
name as “Taimis”, in order to camouflage
their intimate relationship from their
parents and friends
 UNHAPPY DAYS AT UST
 Rizal found an atmosphere at UST suffocating to
his sensitive spirit.
 He was unhappy at this Dominican Institution
because:
1. the Dominican professors was hostile to him
2. the Filipino students were racially
discriminated by the spaniards
3. the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
DECISION TO STUDY
ABROAD
 After finishing the fourth year
in Medicine course, Rizal
decided to study in Spain
 He could no longer endure the
rampant bigotry,
discrimination and hostility in
UST.
 For the first time Rizal did not
seek his parents permission
and blessing to go abroad.
 Maraming Salamat!

Mabuhay ang mga Kabataang

Para sa Bayan!



Salamat kina: G. Jely A. Galang , Bb. Janet

S. Reguindin at G. Bernard Esternon