LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL NOTES exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in

the Philippines.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
- Born on june 19, 1861 (Wednesday)
Calamba, Laguna
- Baptized in the catholic church of his town on
june 22, by Fr. Rufino Collantes, his godfather
was Fr. Pedro Casana
“Take care of this child, for someday he Will
recome a great man.” - Father Collantes
- His name was chosen by his mother who was
a devotee of the Christian saint san jose (st.
Joseph)
Family:
- His parents are Francisco Mercado II and
Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters
and one brother.
-Considered Saturnina as his 2nd Mother
Sibilings:
2) El filibusterismo
A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of
Greed), established his reputation as the leading
spokesman of the Philippine reform movement.
RIZAL IN ATENEO DE MANILA 1872-
1877:
-JESUITS- Best educators of spain that period
-ATENEO DE MANILA- Curriculum focuses
on physical fitness, humanities, science,
agriculture, commerce, mechanics, surveying
and religion.
-ESCUELA PIA- Former name of Ateneo.
Established in 1817 by the government as a
school for poor boys.
-ATENEO DE MANILA- formerly known as
Ateneo Municipal. A Jesuit school and a rival of
the Dominican Order

SATURNINA RIZAL -Teodora Alonzo Mercado was arrested by

malicious charge resulting in Rizal’s mother to
PACIANO RIZAL walk from Calamba to Sta. Cruz (50 km) and
NARCISA RIZAL imprisoned for two years.

OLYMPIA RIZAL -Martyrdom of Gomburza- indicted as leaders

of Cave mutiny and executed on February 12,
JOSE RIZAL 1872.
CONCEPCION RIZAL (died of sickness at the -Enrolling in College of San Juan de Letran
age of three) June 10, 1872
JOSEFA RIZAL -Mercado to Rizal.
TRINIDAD RIZAL -Fr. Magin Ferrando (college registrar) refused
to admit Rizal due to tardiness and his
SOLEDAD RIZAL
undersized and weak figure.
Famous Works:
-Because of Paciano who had a connection and
1) Noli me tangere close relation with Burgos’ (He was a protege of
Fr. Jose Burgos), Rizal managed to enter through
In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me Manuel Xerez Burgos; nephew of Fr. Jose
tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate Burgos
-After enrollment, Rizal was put under the
Carthaginian Empire.
-Rizal took Bachelor in Arts.
-Roman and Carthaginian empire competed
and victor is determined via flag system. Red for
Romans and Blue for Carthaginian.
Jesuit implementation to allow students to
compete for higher education through academic
prowess (writing, poetry, etc.)
EMPEROR
TRIBUNE
DECURION
CENTURION
STANDARD BEARER
Seating arrangement reflects the students
performance in class where the higher achieving
people are at the front (Emperor) and the lesser
at the back (Standard Bearer)
-Rizal’s rise in ranking (Standard bearer to
Emperor) but was later “remarked” by his
teacher resulting in becoming a Tribune.
-Had private lessons in Santa Isabel College to
improve Spanish.
Literary Works:
MI PRIMERA INSPIRACIÓN (My first
inspiration)
UN CUERDO DE MI PUEBLO (In Memory
of my Town)
AL NINO JESUS (To the Child Jesus)
THROUGH THE EDUCATION THE
COUNTRY RECEIVES
THE INTIMATE ALLIANCE BETWEEN
RELIGION AND GOOD EDUCATION
THE RIZAL BILL
REPUBLIC ACT 1425 - covers the life and
works of Jose Rizal. Topics covered are Rizal’s
biography and his writings, some of his essay
and various correspondences.
SENATE BILL 438
Main Proponent: Claro M. Recto
Supported by: Jose P. Laurel (Chairman of
DepED)
- An act to make NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO compulsory reading matter
in all public and private colleges and universities
and for other purposes.
SECTION 1. Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo are hereby declared
compulsory reading matter in all public and
private schools, Colleges and Universities in the
Philippines.
SECTION 2. The works mentioned in Section 1
of this Act shall be in the original edition or in
their unexpurgated English and National
Language versions.
SECTION 3. The Department of Education
shall take steps to promulgate rules and
regulations for the immediate implementation of
the provisions of this Act.
SECTION 4. No provision of this Act shall be
constructed as prohibiting or limiting the study
of the works of other Filipino heroes.
SECTION 5. Any public or private College or
University found violating, failing to comply
with, or circumventing the provisions of this Act
shall be punished accordingly:
RIZAL IN THE CONTEXT OF 19TH
CENTURY PHILIPPINES
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
-For 200 years of Spanish rule, Philippines
economy were isolated
-Spanish kind of economy was
MERCANTLISM (an economic policy that is
designed to maximize the export, minimize the
import.
-The Opening of the Philippines to foreign trade
 Growth in export economy
 Progress in Philippine agriculture
 they open many ports of entry for
commercial trading.
- The agricultural products became in demand.
(Shortage of production )
- Opportunity to native Filipinos to rent a parcel
of land own by the friars.
- The rise of Filipino Middle Class
(PRINCIPALIA) -> Education of Filipino
children in prestigious schools and abroad
- Inquilinos and Kasama relationship
 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
SPAIN
 REVOLUTION OF 1668 – when
Queen Isabel II overthrown to the power
 LIBERAL VS. CONSERVATIVES
 SPAIN LOST MOST OF ITS
COLONIES
Philippines
 Instability in the Philippine
government
 Corruption in the government
 Inability of the government to provide
the basic needs of the people
 CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
 Education Reform Decree of 1863
-> reorganized the Elementary
system of the Philippines,
established Elementary schools in
each town for boys and girls.
 The role of the Jesuits
 Human dignity, justice and
equality of all men.
- THE ILLUSTRADOS
 The Propaganda Movement
 Stirred Filipino nationalism
 RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT
-SECULARIZATION CONTROVERSY
 Regular priest and the secular priest
 Cavite Mutiny
 “FRAILOCRACY”
MORE ABOUT RIZAL’S FAMILY
The Rizals is considered one of the biggest
families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the
family's paternal ascendant was a full-blooded
Chinese who came to the Philippines from
Amoy, China in the closing years of the 17th
century and married a Chinese half-breed by the
name of Ines de la Rosa.
Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal
family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish,
Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from
Chinese.
Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family
consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II
and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters
and one brother.
• Jose Rizal’s father Francisco was the youngest
of 13 children of Juan and Cirila Mercado. He
was born in Binan, Laguna, studied in San Jose
College of Manila and died in Manila.
• Teodora, the mother of Jose Rizal, was a
business-minded, religious and hard working
individual who was born in Santa Cruz, Manila
on November 14, 1827. She was the second
child of Brijida de Quintos and Lorenzo
Alonso. Teodora had Spanish and Japanese
ancestors while the father of Teodora was a half
Spaniard engineer known as Lorenzo Alberto
Alonzo. She studied at the Colegio de Santa
Rosa. Teodora died in Manila in 1913.
• The parents of Jose Rizal were both farmers
who were granted by the Dominicans with the
lease of a hacienda together with a rice farm.
ANCESTRY
• Domingo lamco
- A Chinese immigrant from the Fukien city
of Changchow.
- He is rizal’s great-great-grandfather. He
arrived in manila about 1690.
- he married a well-to-do Chinese Christian
girl of manila named “ines de la rosa” then
assumed mercado as his surname in 1731.
• Francisco mercado
- son of domingo and ines
- great-grandfather of rizal
- he married a Chinese-filipino mestiza, cirila
bernacha, and was elected governadorcillo of
biñan.
How Jose Obtained the ‘Rizal’ Last Name?
The Rizal surname was obtained by
Francisco Mercado as suggested to him by
a provincial governor after the Governor
General of the Philippines, Narciso Claveria,
issued a decree in 1849 by which native
Filipino and immigrant families were to
adopt Spanish surnames from a list of
Spanish family names.
Jose Rizal also obtained the surname Rizal
after dropping three other names that made
up his full name. Jose Rizal also retained
Protasio as his other family name. His
family never actually recognized their Rizal
surname, but Jose Rizal was forced to use it
so that he can travel freely and disassociate
himself from his brother Paciano, who was
notorious because of his links with native
priests who were executed after they were
found to be subversives.
Alonso family history
• Lakandula
- the last native king of tondo. He is
believed ancestor of doña Teodora’s family.
• eugenio ursua
- rizal’s great-great-grandfather from
his mother’s side. He was of Japanese
ancestry. He married a filipina named
benigna.
• regina
- the daughter of eugenio and
benigna
- married manuel de quintos, a
filipino-Chinese lawyer from pangasinan.
- one of their daughters married
Lorenzo alberto Alonso, a prominent
Spanish-filipino mestizo of biñan; their
children were:
1. narcissa
2. Teodora (rizal’s mother)
3. Gregorio
4. manuel
5. jose
RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD
• rizal has good memories of his childhood in
calamba and it was full of love and care shown
to him by his parents and siblings.
• as a young boy, rizal demonstrated intelligence
and learned easily. His first teacher was doña
Teodora who taught him how to pray.
• he was only 3 years of age when he learned the
alphabet; showed interest in reading books.
Later, doñAa Teodora noticed rizal’s skill in
poetry.
Rizal’s private tutors
• maestro celistino
• maestro lucas padua
• leon Monroy, rizal’s 3rd tutor was the one who
honed his skills in basic latin, reading and
writing.
• this home education from his tutors prepared
him to formal schooling in binan.

Rizal’s early education

• at the age of nine, rizal left calamba with his
brother to study in binan. They stayed for more
than a year with their aunt.
• in binan, rizal exceled in latin and spanish; also
rizal had painting lesson under maestro cruz
father in law, Juancho an old painter.