MODULE 1

The World During the Time of Rizal

The Babyhood Years

Introduction
The 19th century was a dynamic and creative age especially in Europe and the United states.
During this period such concepts as industrialism, democracy and nationalism triggered revolutionary
changes in science, technology, economics and politics.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
-Define the secularization and the relevance to the church.
-Draw a diagrammatic sketch of the structure of the Philippine government during the Spanish
period. –
Compare and contrast the government of the Philippines during the Spanish period with our
present government.

Module 1-The World During the Time of Rizal Chapter 1

1. Social Structure Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic, the results of the Spanish
landholding system imposed upon the country with the arrival of the conquistadores.

2. Political System Spain governed the Philippines through the Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry
of the Colonies) established in Madrid in 1863, This body helped the Spanish monarchs
manage the affairs of the colonies and governed the Philippines through a centralized
machinery exercising executive, legislative, judicial, and religious powers.

3. Educational System For almost three hundred years since the Spaniards established the first
settlement in the Philippines, there was no systematic of government supervision of schools.
The schools were free to administer their own curricula and prescribe the qualifications of
their leaders.
The Philippines of Rizal Times

1. Instability of Colonial Administration King Ferdinand VIII (1808-1833) frequent shift of

policies owing to struggle between Liberalism and Despotism; From 1835-1897 there were
50 governor general.

2.Corrupt Colonial Officials

a. General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873), incompetent and cruel, boastful, ruthless,
executed GOMBURZA in 1872.
b. Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-1873), was a good moro fighter but was inept and weak
administrator.
c. General Fernando Primo de Rivera, Governor general for two terms (1880-83) and 1897-
98), enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casino in Manila which he
permitted to operate.
d. Gen. Valeriano Weyler (1888-91), a cruel and corrupt governor general of Hispanic
German ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire.

3. Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes

1st Philippine Delegates Ventura de los Reyes

-Constitution of 1812
-Abused Galleon trade
-Propaganda Movement was not heard

4. Human Rights denied to Filipinos.

-No freedom of expression

5. No equality before the law

-Filipinos were abused, brutalized, persecuted and slandered

6. Maladministration of justice
-Courts were notoriously corrupt Judges, fiscals, and court officials-inept, venal and
oftentimes ignorant of the law.

7. Racial descrimination
-Spain introduced Christianity’s egalitarian concept of the BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN
under GOD THE FATHER, but Filipinos were regarded as inferior beings underserving of
rights enjoyed by the Spaniards.
 8. Frailocracy-a government by friars, union of church and state. In 19th century they came to
acquire tremendous political power, influence and riches.

9. Forced Labor (Polo servicio) compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities
on adult Filipino males in the construcrion churches, schools, hospitals, building, roads and
bridges, ships, etc. Wealthy ones were able to evade forced labor by paying a falla a sum of
money.

10. Haciendas owned by the friars Friars owned the best haciendas and the folks who had
been living in these haciendas and cultivating them generation to generation became tenants

11.The Guardia Civil

The Guardia Civil (Constabulary) which was created by the Royal Decree of February 12,
1852, as amended by the royal Decree of March 24, 1888, for the purpose of maintaining
internal peace and order in the Philippines.

Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

    -born in Binan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
    -studied Latin and Philosophy at the college of San Jose in Manila
Dona Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

-born in Manila on November 8, 1826

-educated at the College of Sata Rosa, a well-known college 
                       for girls in the city

The Rizal Children

 Eleven children-two boys and nine girls
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
-oldest of the Rizal children

2. Paciano (1851-1930)
     -older brother and confident of Jose Rizal
     -was a second father to Rizal
      -immortalized him in Rizal's first novel Noli Me Tangere
  as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
-her pet name was  Sisa
-married to  Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a
school teacher od Morong
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
-Ypia was her pet name
-married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila

5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of
-father Casanas
6. Maria (1859-1945)
-Biang was her nickname
-married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna
7. Jose (1861-1896)
-the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genious; his nickname was
           Pepe
-during his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken; Irish 
           girl from Hong Kong
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
-her pet name was as Concha
-she died of sickness at the age of 3, her death was Rizal's first sorrow.

9. Josefa (1865-1945)
         -her pet name was Panggoy
         -she died an old maid at the age of 80

10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

          -Trining was her pet name
          -she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83
11. Soledad (1870-1929)
        -youngest of the Rizal children
        -her pet name was Choleng

Rizal's Ancestors
-Like most Filipinos, Rizal was mixed racial origin
-in his veins flowed the blood of the East and West

Domingo Lamco-the chinese immigrant from the Fukien city of

   Changchow, who arrived in Manila about 1860  
Married to Ines de la Rosa, a chinese christian girl of Manila
            1731-assumed the surname Mercado
The Surname Rizal
    Mercado-the real surname of Rizal family, which was adopted in
    1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great-grandfather of
    Jose Rizal) who was a full-blooded Chinese.

The Rizal Home

 Was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during Spanish times.

 Summary
During the time of Rizal, the sinister shadows of Spain decadence darkened Philippines
skies.